Mémoires

by Harriet Tubman

Héroïne de la condition noire, Harriet Tubman est née esclave en 1820. Audacieuse, impitoyable, très méthodique et astucieuse, elle organisa des fuites massives d’esclaves au sein du réseau clandestin de l’Underground Railroad. Le récit de ses exploits est publié ici pour la première fois en français. Celle qu’on surnomma "la Moïse noire" y revient notamment sur sa propre évasion à l’âge de 29 ans et son rôle d’espionne durant la guerre de Sécession, révélant une femme d’un courage et d’une détermination exceptionnels dans sa lutte contre le racisme et pour la liberté des plus faibles et démunis. Depuis 1990, les États-Unis lui rendent un hommage officiel et national chaque année, le 10 mars, lors du Harriet Tubman Day.

224 pages, Pocket Book

Published March 1, 2022

About the author

Harriet Tubman (born Araminta Ross; c. 1820 or 1821 – March 10, 1913) was an African-American abolitionist, humanitarian, and Union spy during the American Civil War. After escaping from slavery, into which she was born, she made thirteen missions to rescue over seventy slaves[1] using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. She later helped John Brown recruit men for his raid on Harpers Ferry, and in the post-war era struggled for women's suffrage.

As a child in Dorchester County, Maryland, Tubman was beaten and whipped by her various masters to whom she had been hired out. Early in her life, she suffered a traumatic head wound when she was hit by a heavy metal weight thrown by an irate overseer, intending to hit another slave. The injury caused disabling seizures, headaches, powerful visionary and dream activity, and spells of hypersomnia which occurred throughout her entire life. A devout Christian, she ascribed her visions and vivid dreams to premonitions from God.

In 1849, Tubman escaped to Philadelphia, then immediately returned to Maryland to rescue her family. Slowly, one group at a time, she brought relatives with her out of the state, and eventually guided dozens of other slaves to freedom. Traveling by night and in extreme secrecy, Tubman (or "Moses", as she was called) "never lost a passenger," as she later put it at women's suffrage meetings.[2] Large rewards were offered for the capture and return of many of the people she helped escape, but no one ever knew it was Harriet Tubman who was helping them. When the far-reaching United States Fugitive Slave Law was passed in 1850, she helped guide fugitives farther north into Canada, and helped newly freed slaves find work.

When the American Civil War began, Tubman worked for the Union Army, first as a cook and nurse, and then as an armed scout and spy. The first woman to lead an armed expedition in the war, she guided the raid on the Combahee River, which liberated more than seven hundred slaves. After the war, she retired to the family home in Auburn, New York, where she cared for her aging parents. She was active in the women's suffrage movement until illness overtook her and she had to be admitted to a home for elderly African-Americans she had helped open years earlier.

Reviews

[Niniane · Rating 4 out of 5]

Comme je joue actuellement Harriet Tubman dans Civilization VII (sa présence a visiblement déplu à certains esprits chagrins, les choses ont peu changé à certains égards...), j'avais envie d'en apprendre plus sur cette femme exceptionnelle.

Ces textes (avec parfois des redites des mêmes événements) n'ont pas été écrits par Harriet elle-même, car elle était illetrée. On y découvre les points les plus importants du parcours de cette femme incroyable, sa générosité, son courage et ses exploits.

[Catherine · Rating 2 out of 5]

Livre intéressant pour connaître l'histoire d'Harriet Tubman, qui a consacré sa vie à faire passer des esclaves vers les états du nord, puis le Canada. Mais l'écriture et le style sont vraiment trop lourds et rendent la lecture pesante.