The last nutritional model you will ever need to achieve and maintain your optimal physique, peak performance, and robust health.
Do you find yourself confused by the ever-changing diet landscape? Low-carb, keto, low-fat, Paleo, supplements you can’t pronounce, and of course the fix-all magic bullet—it becomes a minefield of endless frustration with little or no sustainable results to show for it. In his new book Flexible A Science-Based, Reality-Tested Method for Achieving & Maintaining Your Optimal Physique, Performance, and Health , Alan Aragon is here to put an end to the confusion and put you on a path to success.
With over 25 years of experience as a nutrition researcher and educator, Alan reveals the biggest diet secret of all—no single diet is best for everyone. The key to success is finding a tailored program that meets your individual needs and helps you build lifelong habits to support your goals.
Flexible Dieting is a research-based, field-tested approach to nutrition that focuses on macronutrient balance and proper food sourcing that will help you achieve your dietary and physical goals at your own pace. With this simple weight-loss plan, Alan shows you how to eat within your specific macronutrient targets, making weight loss achievable and sustainable while fostering a healthy relationship with food and offering more freedom in your food choices.
Must read for anybody working with people trying to lose, gain or maintain weight. More of a textbook with a nice combination of science talk and practical solutions. The best diet to stick to is the one with the best adherence.
This book was fantastic. An up to date, comprehensive overview of macro-nutritional biochemistry and outcomes. Gives a lot of detail about dietary programming for hypertrophy, fat loss, and athletic performance.
A. Aragon has summarized in this book the essential information on the subject of nutrition and dieting. The title is somewhat misleading, but this is by no means a bad thing. It is not something about a fixed set of beliefs, such as IIFYM, but the author provides the necessary knowledge to make his own diet flexible, according to the recommendations. Depending on the group of people (athlete, bodybuilder, etc.), macronutrient recommendations are given, for example. In the last part of the book are then also appropriate examples of diet plans again.
Overall, the book confirmed my previous knowledge in the field of nutrition and dieting. Who is already very well-read in the field, will probably not find much new in the book. In my opinion, however, it is a basic reference book that should not be missing in any bookcase.
Pretty much entirely science and fact based with no sensational claims, which is awesome. However it's incredibly dry. If you're familiar with the science it would be interesting, but for a layperson like me it was very hard to read, which is why it took me months lol. But very good info, realistic approaches, and supports and individualized take to dieting a weight loss, so I recommend it for anyone who wants fact-based recommendations.
cognitive restraint and pre-load: rigid control correlates with disinhibition; flexible control promotes for sustained growth // thinking in good vs. bad foods (dichotomous thinking) is maladaptive and inaccurate// "it's not morality, it's just food" // discretionary calories: intentional, flexible moderation of potentially problematic foods (10-20%) // think of nutrient ranges and individualize your degree of rigidity // what you can sustain in the long-term is more important than the ideal // pre-exercise fueling should suit individual needs (no effect on muscle retention or fat oxidation // endurance: 1.6 low 2.2 normal cap (2.4-2.6 upper max) // protein hierarchy: total amount, distribution throughout the day, timing relative to workouts // carb dosing: 3-
8g/kg, time distribution based on preferences // setting minimum carb threshold is probably unnecessary on non- endurance days; going for 5-8g/kg for 2-3h work/day and 8-12 for 3-5+/day is a good template // in contrast to
protein, carb timing is as or more important than total amount // carb-loading: 3-4 days of depletion (10- 100g/day), 3-4 days of loading, 1g/kg in the time before a race // 30-60(-78)g/hour for endurance events over 1h // 0.4-0.8L water/hour // (1: goal and timeframe) expect 2-3 years to transition from intermediate to advanced level composition // recomposition is a bonus, not the primary endeavor// muscular gain can occur at about 1-2lb/month // healthy bf is 10-20% // ideal rate of loss is 0.5-1lb/week for healthy/lean trainees (ie: 24-48/year) // (2: setting energy needs) // tbw (target body weight) the goal numbers derived from formulas are estimated starting points, not absolutes // the most important variable is adherence (meeting your individual needs and preferences) // there is no limit to non-starchy veggies // go for being in the ballpark for estimates/ranges, not being perfect // (3: setting protein, carb, fat needs) (endurance carb intake 6-12g/kg) when tracking, ask whether the person is controlling process or visa versa // adherence: individualization based on evolving goals and preferences; success results from gains in competence from feeling a greater ability to self-regulate, gains in autonomy by making flexible decisions, and gains in relatedness by being able to introspect and share information // increasing food variety increases potential intake of diverse micronutrients // at the end of the day, rate total intake quality from 5 point rubric [ie: 1. sleep 7-9h, 2. scheduled daily exercise, 3. plain water to comfortable fullness before each meal, 4. eat only when hungry, not out of ritual, and until full but not stuffed, 5. take a moment each day to reflect on why you are pursuing your nutritional goals] [opt. 6. progress from least to most dense foods each meal 7-10. fiber, 20gP/meal, 10-20% discretionary or less] // reality: meal frequency and routines have no significant effect on your composition progress beyond how they affect your unique preferences (ie: training needs, mood, and energy levels) for discretionary optional 10-20% range, you could decide to spend on a daily or weekly timescale; in either case, fill up with water beforehand, plan with the week ahead in mind, and be responsible by displacing the rest of the day // protein-ups and carb-ups can be periodically helpful from psychological benefits (macros, but not allowing for binge or restrictive behavior) // maintenance is a moving target (8% difference between lowest and highest points) // plateaus in progress are opportunities to practice maintenance-habits // when there is a plateau, that is an indication of energy imbalance (too much or counterintuitively too little) // when problems occur, review energy needs and try re-balancing macro ratios and nutrient balance // ican (internal cue awareness nurturing): scale hunger from 1-5 (not hungry at all, slight, moderate, very, hangry), then rate how you feel after 1- 5 (barely feel like I ate, slight, moderate, very full, uncomfortable) and write down subjective feelings // after doing roughly a month of ican journalling, it makes sense to rely on just tracking total energy input, protein range, and carb minimum; past that point, have at it with carbs/fats; adjust based on your subjective preferences for that day // effective eating patterns are consistent dietary routines that include meals that you love and look forward to; lasting results include eating foods that satisfy you and change seasonally // body settling points can be changes through eating habits; continual assessment and adjusting goals with self-monitoring are tools for long-term adherence // again, the only two reasons for plateau in progress are: not adhering to your goals or reaching new energy balance // instead of pursuing perfectionism or overdoing a deficit, work on improving exercise performance, which will increase rmr, neet, and energy need [recaps of aragon] track flexibly based on how much you enjoy the tracking // shades of gray: 10-20% optional discretionary inputs // upper end of protein for intensive activity may reach 2.2-3.3g/kg; 1.6-2.2g/kg is still safe // again, endurance carb: 6-12g/kg // give about 4 weeks without progress before considering the state a "plateau" // again, progress plateaus are maintenance practice //
Alan has written a thorough treatise on the body of evidence that is nutrition. He gives empirical data backing up his nutritional recommendations and offers plans based on any goal be it fat loss, recomp or muscle gain.
Not only the best book about food I've read so far, but also a very good guide on how to do research in general. It also comes with excellent data on fat loss, hypertrophy and athletic performance...if you're into that kind of stuff. :) 10/10 recommend.
Although this wasn’t the most engaging read, I agree with the general premise, and there were lots of helpful tips.
Caloric Deficit “The best weight loss supplement is a caloric deficit.”
Dichotomous Thinking “Dichotomous thinking is the tendency to perceive events or stimuli as binary. For example, someone with dichotomous thinking might believe that specific foods are either good or bad, those being the only two possible states. In reality, every food offers different levels of nutritional value.”
“Dichotomous perceptions of food and dieting (e.g., ‘good’ versus ‘bad’ or ‘clean’ versus ‘dirty’) were implicated as a dysfunctional cognitive style. In 2003, Byrne and colleagues investigated the psychological factors associated with weight loss maintenance and found that dichotomous thinking was one of the strongest predictors of weight regain. In 2008, Ramacciotti and colleagues reported that dichotomous reasoning was one of the characteristics of obese individuals with binge-eating disorder, and those without this disorder did not show dichotomous reasoning.”
Moderation “All foods can fit into an overall healthy diet where discretionary calories comprise roughly 10 to 20 percent of total energy intake. Enjoy indulgence foods in moderation; your diet should still be composed primarily of whole, healthful foods.”
Protein “Total daily protein intake is the top tier of importance, regardless of goal (not just for muscle gain). The general population without specific athletic or body composition–oriented goals aside from general health should consume protein at a minimal range of 1.2 to 1.6 g/kg per day.58 This is 50 to 100 percent greater than the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of 0.8 g/kg.”
“From the most to least important considerations of protein intake, the hierarchy is as follows: 1) total daily protein amount 2) distribution of protein throughout the day 3) timing of protein relative to the training bout.”
Горещо препоръчвам тази книга на всеки, желаещ да се образова относно хранене и тренировки.
Алън Арагон е един от най-влиятелните треньори и изследователи в областта на спорта, който активно проповядва прилагането на научно-базирани методи на трениране и хранене. Той е съавтор на "Nutrient Timing Revisited", най-преглежданата статия в историята на "Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition", а също така и разработва програми за развлекателни, олимпийски и професионални спортисти.
В първата част от книгата си той описва доста увлекателно и на разбираем език основни концепции за това как работи научният метод, през какви етапи преминават учените, докато достигнат до сформиране на научен консенсус относно даден проблем и колко е важно да разпознаваме тези процеси, за да не ставаме жертви на шарлатани, рекламиращи добавки / фитнес програми / хранителни режими, които са научно неиздържани.
1. В дъното на пирамидата седят анекдотични твърдения и такива, направени в нерецензирани медии или на база личен опит - те нямат никаква доказателствена тежест; 2. На следващото стъпало се издигат обзервационните проучвания - също без доказателствена тежест - те само разкриват корелация, но и спомагат формулирането на хипотези, които по-късно могат да бъдат тествани в следващи експерименти; 3. По-високо в йерархията са рандомизираните контролирани проучвания (РКП) - те вече имат доказателствена тежест, при тях се отчита въздействието на плацебо ефекта, което служи за критерий доколко е ефективен даден медикамент. Те стъпват на следните принципи: - случайно разпределение - участниците се разпределят на случаен принцип в експериментална група, получаваща изпитвания медикамент или контролна група, получаваща плацебо. Това спомага да се балансират известни и неизвестни фактори, които могат да повлияят на резултатите на изследването. - сляпо изпитване - в идеалния случай участниците не знаят как е разпределено лечението и дали получават медикамент или плацебо; - сравняват се резултатите на експерименталната група с тези на контролната, за да се види дали медикаментът има по-силно действие спрямо плацебо ефекта; 4. На върха на пирамидата стоят метаанализите и систематичните обзори - те имат най-висока доказателствена тежест и сформират научния консенсус на дадена тематика. Ето какво представляват: - систематичният обзор е процес, при който изследователите събират, оценяват и синтезират всички налични доказателства по конкретен въпрос, например ефективността на лекарство. Той отговаря на предварително зададен въпрос, използвайки строго определени критерии за включване и изключване на статии. Те предоставят най-релевантната, адекватна и актуална информация за дадена тема. - метаанализът е статистически метод, който комбинира резултатите от различни изследвания, за да се получи обобщена оценка. Обикновено метаанализът се базира на резултатите от РКП, но не е задължително. Този метод позволява на изследователите да съчетават данни от множество изследвания, на база на които да достигнат до заключение.
Ето и някои от основните неща, които ми направиха впечатление в тази книга:
- важно е да се познава т.нар. "пирамида на доказателствата", която представя йерархията на различните видове проучвания спрямо своята доказателствена тежест. Тя много ясно онагледява измамите на многобройните "гурута", продаващи скъпи добавки, или предлагащи абсурдни терапии без да представят абсолютно никакви данни от проучвания, подкрепящи твърденията им освен свидетелства на клиенти на база личен опит (отново, това са най-незначителните твърдени и се намират в дъното на пирамидата).
- за постигането на отслабване / покачване на мускулна маса е необходимо да се придържаме към калориен дефицит / излишък, а за оптимални резултати да си набавяме нужните количества макронутриенти (протеини, въглехидрати и мазнини). Лишаването от всеки един от тях може да доведе до тежки последици за здравето ни. Не трябва да забравяме и за микронутриентите (витамини и минерали). Описани са препоръчителните количества за ежедневен прием от храната според целите.
- мит е твърдението, че закуската е най-важното хранене през деня и че пропускането ѝ води до напълняване - представени са метаанализи и систематични обзори, които го опровергават;
- мит е също, че засиленият въглехидратен прием по-късно през деня или вечерта води до напълняване - цитирани са няколко систематични обзора и метаанализа, които напълно разбиват това твърдение;
- обобщен анализ на 7 систематични обзора и 15 метаанализа напълно отхвърля връзката между завишен прием на яйца и развитие на сърдечно-съдови заболявания. Единствено за хора с диабет тип 2 данните не са категорични. Въпреки това, резултатите от проучванията се представят под формата на осреднени стойности и винаги има хора, попадащи под или над тях, при които се наблюдава покачване на нивата на общия холестерол. Хората със завишен прием на яйца могат да изследват кръвта си за изменения в холестеролните нива, но няколко други проучвания показват неутрални или добри въздействия върху липидите в кръвта при ежедневен прием на 3 яйца при различни популации;
- съществува препоръка от World Cancer Research Fund и American Institute for Cancer Research за максимална консумация на сготвено червено месо между 350 - 500 грама седмично. Въпреки това, има сериозни съмнения за научната тежест на тази препоръка след появата на метаанализ, включващ 24 РКП, който не открива разлики в резултатите на контролната и експерименталната групи, с изключение на повишаване на нивата на добрия холестерол (HDL) при прием на червено месо повече от 3 порции дневно.
- демонизирането на определени групи храни и възвисяването на други (най-често определяни като "суперхрани") е абсолютно неефективно и ненужно, а даже може да има и обратен ефект - авторът цитира няколко проучвания, показващи по-добрите резултати при хората, практикуващи разнообразно хранене спрямо тези, които се стремят тотално да избягват определени групи храни;
- метаанализ на 15 проучвания показва, че честотата на хранене през деня не оказва значимо влияние на телесното тегло - дали ще разпределяме целевия си ежедневен прием на макронутриенти на 3, 5 или 7 хранения, крайният резултат няма да се различава особено;
Дадени са насоки за по-начинаещите в намирането и разчитането на научни изследвания. Авторът препоръчва търсенето в сайтове като PubMed за определена тема с добавянето на ключови думи като "systematic review" или "meta-analysis", когато искаме да разберем научния консенсус в дадена област. Също така дава линкове към ценни ресурси - видеа и статии, спомагащи за развитието на уменията ни да проучваме и анализираме дадени твърдения чрез търсене в научни източници. В книгата са включени препратки към всички цитирани проучвания.
Cannot recommend this book enough to anyone looking for an evidence-based guide to basic nutrition and dietary programming - both fitness professionals and regular people who want to better understand based on the current state of scientific evidence how they can create and sustain a health-promoting dietary pattern that supports their personal health and fitness goals. This book breaks down principles of nutrition science in a way that is accessible while still retaining the nuance and complexity inherent in an area of ongoing and active scientific research. It sets the reader up with a solid foundation in nutrition and then proceeds to provide practical programming and implementation tips for real life. The emphasis on personal accountability and discipline combined with individualization and modifying food environment as a main driver of long-term dietary behavior change is refreshing and in line with the best current thinking in this area. The internet is unfortunately awash with terrible nutrition "information" and claims; this book tries to cut through the noise to help the reader correctly identify the signal.
Mis expectativas eran muy distintas a la realidad de lo que es este libro y entiendo que es una cuestión totalmente subjetiva. Le daría 3.5 estrellas en lugar de 3 si pudiera.
Es impresionante lo profundo que va este libro con el lenguaje, referencias y especificidad, y a la vez de cierta manera es muy poco pragmático y repetitivo.
Definitivamente hay un sesgo hacia un adulto saludable o con simple sobre peso, muchos de los calculos o ideas compartidas son complicadas de aplicar a mi caso por mi obesidad, pero al mismo tiempo muchos de los rangos de macros y sus diferentes usos han tenido una utilidad tremenda para mi programación.
Este libro no tiene ningún problema para mi salvo que es muy largo y reiterativo. Si existiera una versión ligeramente mas pragmática con las referencias a la ciencia como un extra, creo que sería perfecto.
Alan Aragon is one of the very few people in the snakey nutritional science realm, at large, whose research and words are those I trust. Everything, all the fine details, are backed by peer reviewed scientific journals. One thing anybody can appreciate is that Aragon doesn’t pigeonhole the concept of nutrition into one arena with the limited thinking of, “you MUST do this for success,” which is the laughable case for much of what is the ‘industry.’ Here, Alan contextualizes nutrition as a whole and challenges the readers to come to their own respective conclusions for what works, as habits vary among everybody. Definitely not a book for novices interested in the field, but I still recommend it for the purpose of absorbing knowledge from one of the greats.
This book could have been so much better written and presented. The information was good but the editor must have fallen asleep half way through. It reads like a textbook, though some textbooks are more interesting and easier to understand. At one point in the carb section he started talking about “T2D”. What the hell is T2D? Oh it’s type 2 diabetes, it’s never been fully typed out, a big no-no when writing. If one of the authors goal is to educate the “public”, this should have been written in a simpler format.
Generally a great overview on the current consensus regarding nutrition. I found it very readable and easy to get through without getting too bogged down in the chemistry of it all. Very well cited, and I'll be using the chapters on the macro nutrients as a reference quite a bit in the future. Overall felt it had too much of an emphasis on weight loss, but that's a personal preference thing, and for people who struggle with weight loss it does have a lot of useful information.
Like his program but think there are too many variables to manage and people need diet and exercise to be super easy to succeed. But great in depth info about macros and supplements. Bonus points for a chapter dedicated to motivation. I’ve heard him on podcasts before and he must be an awesome trainer.
I do g think I’m the target audience for this book. It was heavily scientific and seemed focused on dieticians and body builders and athletes and someone who is very knowledgeable about the science of nutrition. I couldn’t even get through it all because I didn’t find it interesting enough as someone who wanted to learn about macros to see if I wanted to incorporate them into my eating.
Embora por vezes haja uma boa dose de taxa de basófia por parte do autor, e talvez alguma falta de bom senso na forma como fala de outros autores e se esquece da sua posição, a verdade é que o livro me parece essencial e, mais importante que tudo, reúne um grande conjunto de fundamentação teórica para quem se quiser sentir capaz de elaborar uma dieta eficaz e com boa taxa de adesão.
This is the best book on nutrition I've read yet. Must read for anyone coaching or trying to integrate flexible dieting into their life to achieve their goals once and for all
This book would be hard to consume for those with little scientific nutritional knowledge. It's also a bit dry to just consume the entire book like I did, however, as a 'bible' of nutition, to reference the latest consensus on individual topics, I think it's unmatched.
"This one is like a textbook for dieting—quite detailed with scientific studies, explanations of jargon, and, at times, ahem... a bit too much details on studies and just give me the gist (and tell me what to eat or not)!"
After reading 300 pages of chemistry I at least hoped to have more guidelines regarding which food to actually eat and some meal examples, unfortunately it wasn't the case.
I’ve never been one to enjoy science, but Alan does a phenomenal job at science based writing while presenting the information in a manner that’s easy to understand.
This sounds like a weight loss book, but is more of an optimization diet for physical performance. I thought there was good information and was well cited. Sprinkled with humor as well.
A thorough, evidence and consensus based book on nutrition for body recomposition. An excellent, reliable resource for anybody getting into fitness or looking to fill in gaps in their understanding. I would say the scope of the subjects covered is predominantly body composition, there is minor acknowledgement for sports performance, with discussion of longevity limited to long term adherence of recomp protocols.
Aragon is one of the most experienced researcher/practitioners in the field and is clearly passionate. Despite the author’s best efforts to inject a bit of humour and spirit into the pages, the writing is dry as is expected from a textbook format that was chosen. I can’t remember the last time I read a nonfiction that took this long to read.
To that end, as I thumbed the pages of the heavy waxed paper I couldn’t help but think that there was really no need for such a cumbersome book when a paperback would have been sufficient.
Perhaps Aragon’s agent could have checked his ego and taken a leaf from Stacey Sim’s book (pun intended) and gone for monochrome light paper page stock for this textbook style wide format.