Across the church, there is a rift between theology and missions. Bad theology produces bad missions, and bad missions fuels bad theology.
We wrongly think that we must choose between making a global impact and thinking deeply about the things of God. But the relationship between theology and missions is symbiotic—one cannot exist without the other. They walk hand-in-hand.
The authors apply the doctrines of grace to missions theology and methodology. One does not have to adhere rigidly to all the doctrines of grace in order to benefit from this book. There is much in this book for pastors, missionaries, goers, senders, mobilizers, prayers, givers, and welcomers to consider. There are outlines for pastors to adapt for preaching. There are many quotable truths to pass on to others. There are many reminders about the need for a biblical view of mobilization. Above all, there is the repeated reminder that what we believe determines how we do missions.
Obviously, this book dispels the idea that one cannot have a high view of God’s sovereignty and also a heart commitment to His mission to the nations.
Overall, this book was a refreshing read and one that I will return to in the future. I recommend it to anyone with a heart for God, His church, the unreached, and the Great Commission.
Let me begin by saying the authors have done good work writing this book. They have crafted the chapters well, making the writing accessible while not too shallow. Readers who are accustomed to theological writing that is often too heady and whimsical will appreciate this balance. The authors maintain a very grounded and relatable style. Furthermore, the writers do an excellent job of tackling the subject matter from their perspective. They correctly observe that practice flows from theology and necessarily so. However, the specificity of their theology and its expression is where the problems begin to arise. As will be no surprise to anyone acquainted with Founders and their publications, this book is heavily Reformed in its approach. So much so that the "doctrines of grace" hang like a cloud throughout the book. For those who are Reformed, or at least Calvinisit in soteriology, this will not be a problem, but for someone like myself who is opposed to Reformed theology as a principle, it is difficult to overcome and glean much from the book. There are some excellent nuggets of information throughout, some very quotable zingers, and the overall concept is certainly something evangelicals must address on a broader scale. Chapter ten effectively discussed the missionary commission and what that calling means for practical living. The author's emphasis on the spiritual disciplines is commendable and, for that matter, right. Some bright spots shine through the fog, but the Reformed tone and language largely overshadow the good.
This is a review that I wrote in our quarterly newsletter (my wife and I are missionaries in Japan with ABWE):
When I found out that someone from our missions organization (ABWE) was co-writing a book on missions, I knew I had to check it out. The first author listed is Chad Vegas, who is the founding pastor of Sovereign Grace Church in Bakersfield, CA and the founding board chairman of a missions organization called Radius International. Alex Kocman (the co-worker I was referring to earlier) is the Director of Advancement and Communications at ABWE. Alex, along with his co-host Scott Dunford, also does a podcast on missions simply called, “The Missions Podcast” (https://missionspodcast.com/) that I highly recommend.
Missions by the Book provides a much-needed call for sound theology with respect to missiology. The book is more or less organized according to the classic categories of theology. There are a total of ten chapters. The first five chapters deal with missiology from the standpoint of Bibliology (study of the Bible), Theology Proper (study of God), Christology (study of Christ), Pneumatology (study of the Holy Spirit), and Ecclesiology (study of the church). The ninth chapter deals with how Eschatology (study of end times) relates to missions. The rest of the book deals with defining different aspects of the Great Commission and discusses some issues regarding missions strategy. Also, topics such as soteriology (study of salvation) are addressed within some of the chapters.
The authors state the problem they want to address in the introduction where they say, “In short, bad theology leads to bad missions, and bad missions spreads more bad theology” (p.12). A few pages later, they re-state the main issue from a different angle by saying, “The central content of this book is that Christian doctrine and missions methodology must walk together, hand-in-hand” (p.15). As a missionary who has seen first-hand and heard many personal testimonies regarding churches and missionaries who seem to value pragmatism over God’s Word, I cannot agree more with the authors’ statements.
For me personally, the most helpful part was learning about the concept of the regulative principle (versus the normative principle) regarding church’s missionary task. The concept was not particularly new to me, but I appreciated the authors’ clear definition of the concept. Simply put, the regulative principle is the idea that “Scripture’s teachings, explicit and implicit, regulate church practice” (p.15). On the other hand, the normative principle teaches that Scripture only shows what is considered normal in church practice but, as long as an activity is not explicitly forbidden, it may be practiced (p.15). The thesis of Missions by the Book is built on the application of the regulative principle and is fleshed out as the authors address missions from the standpoint of the various categories of theology mentioned above.
I would highly recommend this book to everyone, whether one is a missionary or not. The universal church needs to be better informed on what biblical missions is all about. Missions by the Book is not overly technical or long but is packed with deep theology as well as good critiques of various popular missions strategies. An honest study of God’s Word would yield the understanding that God is quite particular about the way He wants to be worshipped. Reading and applying Missions by the Book would help steer the ship of world missions back in the right theological direction so that the universal church would not offer to God strange fire but what would be a pleasing aroma to Him.
Kocman and Vegas have written an excellent primer that connects our basic, evangelical, theological commitments to our missionary methods. This book is a reminder of the old paths that evangelical missionaries used to be committed to. Sometimes, as newer methods are created, we never stop to ask: “are these methods theologically grounded?” More simply: is this God’s way or man’s?
In chapter one, Vegas and Kocman cover a basic doctrine of the Word of God, arguing that the Bible is the sufficient authority for missions. It is of little value to hold to the inspiration of Scripture if we are not going to equally see the Bible as sufficient for missions. God uses the means of his Word to reach the lost, not just the message (17).
Chapters two through four take the Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit—a basic Trinitarian doctrine of God—and look at each person’s connection to missions. “The saving love of the Father cannot be preached, nor can disciples of the Son be made, apart from proclaiming the triunity of God and baptizing in the triune name” (28). The Father has decreed the Son be sent to all nations (ch. 2). The Son’s mission is to save all nations (ch. 3), a point they expand upon largely through an exposition of Psalm 2. And the Holy Spirit is a witness to Christ in all the nations (ch. 4).
The authors then move on to a doctrine of the church. Here, they focus on four marks of the church: preaching the Word, administering the sacraments (or ordinances), discipline, and mission. This naturally leads into the next two chapters on the apostle’s commission and the church’s mission to the nations. They argue there is both a consistent pattern to the apostles’ evangelistic sermons and a “contextual accommodation made for the sake of their hearers” (79). This is worth highlighting, since at no point are Kocman and Vegas against crossing the cultural divides and faithful translation and contextualization of the method. They are against failing to see how the content of the message drives the how and why of the contextualization. Methods are not value neutral but arise from our doctrines.
Chapter eight is a strong chapter on the “Power of Ordinary Gospel preaching.” As Vegas says, “The missionary ought to be committed to preaching Christ to the exclusion of all else (1 Cor. 2:2)” (114). This chapter speaks strongly to those missionary methods that think they can improve upon or move beyond the preaching of the gospel and proclaiming Christ crucified. We must let the Scriptures and the gospel ground and drive our methods. After all, “faith comes through hearing and hearing through the Word of Christ” (Rom. 10:17). God has given us both the message of the gospel and revealed the very means of spreading the message. We can’t divorce message from the means and claim to be faithful.
The final two chapters discuss the reward for missions and the commissioning of the missionary to the nations. The rewards are (1) refinement of our character; (2) redemption of hearers; and (3) the resurrection of our bodies. Our missionary efforts must stem from a desire for the return of the Lord and the consummation of all things. Finally, the missionary must be prepared to persevere and even suffer for the Lord, while passing on sound doctrine.
Our methods are not a silver bullet or golden key that opens up an easy road peppered with instantaneous fruit. In a culture like our own, where we are often driven by instant gratification, discouragement and temptation to abandon faithfulness to God’s way of missions abounds.
Kocman and Vegas have written an excellent introductory primer that connects basic loci of Christian theology to the practice of missions. At times, you can tell there is more doctrine floating beneath the surface that could be explained, but their goal is not an exhaustive treatment of any particular doctrines. Their purpose is to introduce the “how” and “why” of missions.
This book is a great starting point for a greater recovery of connecting our missionary methods to our historic, evangelical, Protestant doctrinal commitments. We don’t set aside these commitments to go out and do the work of missions. The methods flow out from within these doctrinal streams we swim in. In fact, what does it say about our commitment to our beliefs and our understanding and immersion in them, if our methods don’t flow from them?
Who would benefit from this book? Hopefully, people at every level of this discussion. A new missionary will be focused and challenged by this discussion. A church member will hopefully think more deeply about the connection between belief and practice. A more advanced practitioner of missions or even pastoral ministry will be enriched by this return to the ‘old roots’ of our faith and practice communicated to a new generation. You could even give this book to a younger believer to introduce them to some basic doctrinal truth in a way that won’t temper their zeal to share Christ with others. Finally, those who have advanced and pioneered new methods will be challenged to reexamine the “how’s” and “why’s” of methodology.
While this book does not take on advanced thinking and practiced missiology, it does refocus the discussion to basic theological commitments. It will prepare new missionaries for the task but also prepare the ground for fresh and faithful ways of doing missions, where the Scriptures themselves drive the methods rather than being tacked on as an appendage to our methods.
In contemporary missiology, there is often a gap or separation between theology and practice. Pragmatism often rules the day, and social sciences such as sociology and anthropology are seen as more relevant to missions than exegetical and systematic theology. Chad Vegas and Alex Kockman enter into this discussion in order to restore the essential connection between theology and practice in Missions by the Book. They recognize that the Bible is foundational to both the message and the methodology of missions, and they seek to show how God's Word reveals the "what" as well as the "how" of the church's mission.
As Vegas and Kochman state: "At root, this thesis is simply an application of what theologians have named the regulative principle to the church's missionary task" (5). In other words, Scripture regulates church practice, including missions. So we are not given a general missions mandate within which we develop our own practice. Rather, in giving His church a missions mandate, Christ also reveals how we are to carry out this mandate according to His prescribed biblical practice.
This is followed by a recognition of the sufficiency of Scripture in missions and chapters devoted to our God as the Holy Trinity who has sent us on mission. Next the authors explore what the Bible reveals about our mission and how to apply these truths in light of contemporary concerns and controversies. Each chapter ends with study questions, which can aid in this book being used in small group study among church elders or missionary candidates.
I am thankful for Vegas and Kochman's commitment to Scripture and desire to establish the church's mission on the foundation of God's Word. Biblical exposition and faithful application fill its pages. They are also driven to inspire the reader toward God-glorifying worship and to help renew our minds as we consider our Savior's call to serve Him in spreading His gospel to the ends of the earth. I was often moved as I read to praise God and consider His gracious missionary heart for the nations.
At the same time, I would have appreciated more careful consideration of some missiological conclusions. As the authors admit, the sufficiency of Scripture does not deny that "there are some circumstances concerning the worship of God, and government of the church, common to human actions and societies, which are to be ordered by the light of nature and Christian prudence" (Second London Confession of Faith 1:6). So how do the insights of the social sciences relate to the church's mission? In what ways can cultural anthropology inform missiology? Should we neglect legitimate empirical conclusions drawn from sociology? What does appropriate contextualization and accommodation look like? Navigating questions like these would have established a more persuastive case and further equipped present and future missionaries in their work and activity.
Nevertheless, this book admirably succeeds in its goal of reconnecting theology and missions together so that Christ's church can carry out our mandate to the nations. My prayer is that the Lord will use Vegas and Kocman's book to bear much fruit and lead to the salvation of many souls!
Missions by the Book does exactly what you think it should: Describes the biblical foundations of mission work. What this book could have done easily was become a screed against disciple-making movements that often eschew scripture in the name of mass-marketing and tallying "converts." While this book certain touched on those topics, it's focus remained the outline of biblical missions. Instead of simply tearing down, Missions by the Book prioritized building up a proper understanding of missions.
Some favorite quotes include:
"The biblical methods of Christian ministry are the same anywhere in the world, from the US. to the jungles of Papua New Guinea. No matter where one goes in the world, the Bible is the word of God, and the God of the Bible is God. Every people group on the earth is made up of those who are sons of Adam, no more or less guilty and corrupt in sin than we are. In every corner of the earth, Jesus still occupies his throne, his atoning work vails to forgive sin, and his sole mediation brings man to God. Regardless of the language, culture, worldview, or skin pigmentation o a people group, the Holy Spirit works in them in the same way. He applies the work of Christ through he ordinary declaration of the Word to every tribe, tongue, and nation." (p. 4)
"Without God blazing at the center, missions becomes a hollow, man-centered activity for the general social good." (p. 22)
"God had commanded his church to proclaim the gospel of Jesus Christ in the power of teh Holy Spirit. This is ordinary work. This is long-suffering work. This is foolish work in the eyes of the world. The Holy Spirit can breathe forth a revival whenever he is pleased to do so, but the work of the church remains the same." (p. 109)
"Pernicious prosperity teachings threaten the souls of millions by replacing the glory of Christ with a pursuit of earthy treasure." (p. 131)
"There are no commands for gospel ministers to transform cities or catalyze movements. Gospel ministers are called to the ordinary life of godliness and gospel proclamation." (p. 136)
I highly recommend this book for anyone considering the weighty call of mission for the sake of the gospel. Much of this I considered; much I’ve learned along the way in God’s kind providence. Much has been difficult, and a reading like this in advance would have been a great help, as it still is today.
I am thankful for what the Lord is doing. Surely He is drawing His sheep from every nation, tribe, and language. May we spend and be spent to this end—and for that to take place, what we do must be according to the Book!
#letmeintroduceyou #JESUSisLORD
ALSO: Check out No Shortcuts to Success, The Missionary Theologian, Mission Affirmed, Hudson Taylor’s Spiritual Secret, and Don’t Waste Your Life.
This is a good book if you are looking for a short read on missions from a biblical perspective. Another reviewer lamented the reformed overtones within the book. I believe that reviewer did not look at the publisher. I actually found their use of the regular principal concerning missions to be quite thought-provoking. I do believe they met their objective on giving a biblical basis of missions through the scripture and the use of the regular principle was a very practical use.
I would like to see a follow up volume where they speak more directly to contemporary mission issues.
The only negative that I found in this book is the illustration about the Hindu shrine and the person’s home. I found this both unhelpful and unconvincing.
Great intro and overview of Reformed (and particularly Reformed Baptist) Missiology from a thoroughly Biblical perspective. Especially like the chapters during the beginning and end speaking about the Trinity's role in Missions and the practical implications of that.