I could imagine a great trivia question in a pub quiz to be “What was the profession of the Wright brothers?” One’s guesses might temptingly be drawn to things associated with heavier-than-air flight, but in fact, Orville and Wilbur Wright were bicycle mechanics. That’s just one of the many wonderful tidbits that Jody Rosen has packed into his engrossing book, Two Wheels Good: The History and Mystery of the Bicycle. And the fact that there is more history than mystery suits me fine!
Having said that, Rosen does debunk a couple of myths early in his book. Take, for example, “the bicycle window” in St. Giles’s Church in a little English village called Stoke Poges, whose construction dates back to the 11th century and the Norman Conquest. The stained-glass window in question features a man mounted on what looks like part horse, part bicycle. One wheel is visible, but no pedals, so one assumes that forward motion is effected by one’s feet in a walking or running action. As plausible as that might seem, there is no further evidence that this contraption is anywhere in the bicycle’s lineage.
Rosen also debunks the creation of the bicycle in the 18th century, citing enough facts to declare that “the bicycle is definitely a nineteenth-century thing.” First in the ancestral line of the bicycle is a machine called the Laufmaschine, which translates into “running machine,” because the rider straddles the machine and pushes off with alternate feet, thereby appearing to run. This was created by Baron Karl von Drais in June of 1817, but the addition of pedals has multiple later claimants.
The pedal-less bicycle was called “dandy horse” and “dandy charger” and became a thing of fascination and a toy for the rich, and even royalty. “Dandy horse racing” was an amusement at one of Prince George’s birthday parties in the early 1800s. The bicycle even made its way into the royalty of Bhutan and China. Indeed, the king of Bhutan gave up the throne to indulge his passion for bicycling. Only when it transcended toy-hood did the bicycle develop more practical uses, primarily transportation. In time, it became an attractive alternative to a horse (no feeding, grooming, or stabling required, permanently saddled and ready to go).
Since it was easy to copy, it wasn’t long before the bicycle became a global phenomenon that touched every aspect of human life, and Rosen has amassed innumerable examples of such instances, from amusement to transportation, from farming to fighting wars, from adventuring in Arctic climes to equalizing social classes, and everything in between. Whereas for men, bicycles could be weaponized politically, for women, it was one means of emancipation. And though its demise was speculated with the invention of the (four-wheeled) automobile, in the 21st century, one can see the bicycle going on forever, continuously improving and adapting…even, heaven forbid, in a post-apocalyptic world!
Rosen’s personal love for bicycles and bicycling shines throughout Two Wheels Good, and will infect readers and riders alike. It is the greatest of human foibles to take many aspects of contemporary life for granted, when knowing more history would increase our appreciation and respect for our world. For the humble—and astounding!—bicycle, Rosen’s book does an admirable job of connecting the relevant historical dots over the last couple of centuries.