Alley, Patrick (2022). Very Bad People. London: Monoray, 320 pp.
Author Alley was one of the three founders of Global Witness, an NGO that uncovers and documents corruption all over the world. From founding the group during a bull-session in a pub in the 1990s, Global Witness is now an internationally recognized anti-corruption voice with a hundred employees and an annual budget in the tens of millions.
They got their first big break with seed money from George Soros, a well-known philanthropist who is keen on fighting corruption. Global Witness had their first big success documenting illegal timber harvesting by the Khmer Rouge on the border between Cambodia and Thailand, in contravention to both governments’ laws. The vast sums earned went to pay for a brutal civil war that killed, imprisoned, and tortured thousands of ordinary people. The government officials who turned a blind eye became wealthy. That’s how it works.
Corruption is theft, but it’s more than that. It’s also betrayal of public trust. It’s abuse of power. It’s lying and cheating. It involves impoverishment of many, usually ordinary, helpless people. It quite often involves false imprisonment, beatings, torture, and murder.
Corruption is morally offensive, but it’s not always illegal. Laws are made by governments, and if the government is corrupt, the laws are bent to match, making dirty deals benign. Even if the government is not entirely corrupt, if the lawyers, judges, and bankers who administer the law and facilitate its operation are, laws are impotent and the evil goes merrily along.
Global Witness goes after blatant government and financial corruption, from clandestine timber-harvesting in Cambodia, illegal oil deals in Angola and Nigeria, conflict diamonds in Africa, deforestation in Brazil, and money-laundering in London and New York. Corruption is everywhere because human greed is universal and unlimited.
Anyone who reads the news would already know that political life always has been driven by the greedy rich extracting wealth from others. With corruption infecting legal, judicial, law-enforcement, and banking systems around the world, one could be excused for giving up hope. What does “corruption” even mean once it’s normalized?
Global Witness, (and other similar NGOs, such as Transparency International) have provoked some changes. There are now international money-laundering laws where there were none before. Are they well-enforced? No. Are they effective in stemming corruption? No. But at least they suggest that hope is not delusion.
And that’s what Global Witness is good at: giving hope. Is it false hope? I don’t know. The rich usually win, in the end. There is something satisfying about seeing the bad guys embarrassed. Global Witness names names and institutions. Their main strategy is to embarrass the bad guys. Global Witness is basically an investigative public relations firm. They have no legal or judicial power. They can’t really change anything directly. All they can do is show facts that embarrass people and organizations and perhaps shame the political and legal people into doing the job they are paid to do. That assumes that powerful people intoxicated with greed can be embarrassed or shamed. I’m not sure that they can be.
I appreciate the work done by Global Witness and like-minded organizations, but I don’t know if it has much effect. It’s a great feel-good win to see politicians, bankers, and corrupt governments embarrassed from time to time, but it doesn’t really change anything. Greed makes the world go ‘round still. Global Witness might be a grown-up version of a children’s game.
As for the book itself, it’s boring, for the most part. It’s a recitation of “cases” pursued by Global Witness, but it’s not well-written. The author gets lost in the weeds and seems incapable of abstraction. You can see him strain mightily to “humanize” the reports by highlighting the adventure and the danger involved with ever-escalating adjectives. Dozens of new players are introduced every few pages, none of whom we know or care about, despite the fact that the author is always careful to mention their hair-color, as if that mattered.
The book does not have any diagrams. It would have been great to see illustrations of how the goods flow, how the money flows, how the key players were connected. Even a couple of maps would have helped. That information is hurriedly described in impenetrable prose only slightly more readable than a legal brief.
Another way the book could have gone is with statistical tables. Thomas Piketty took that approach in his masterful books of history (e.g., Capital in the 21st Century). That was a hard read, but ultimately deeply informative. This book is a hard read and ultimately not informative.
Another strategy would have been to optimize the case-history approach for readability with more of a creative-nonfiction style, making the stories into real human dramas. What we’ve got now is a dry United Nations briefing paper with some irrelevant personal fluff thrown in to make it seem accessible. It ends up being neither here nor there.
The book generates goodwill for Global Witness, and maybe that was its main purpose, but it’s neither entertaining or very informative. The best reader for it is someone who is not aware of the depth and scale of greed and corruption worldwide. I don’t know who those people are, but I guess there’s enough of them to make the book a success.
Alley, Patrick (2022). Very Bad People. London: Monoray, 320 pp.