Crítica de la razón pura

by Immanuel Kant, Manuel García Morente (Translator)

Con su Crítica de la razón pura, Immanuel Kant desató una verdadera revolución. El libro dio origen a la filosofía trascendental y provocó un impacto en sus contemporáneos. El filósofo de Königsberg analiza las bases de nuestra capacidad de pensar y llega a la conclusión de que es limitada. A diferencia de muchos filósofos anteriores a él, con su tratado explica que la razón humana no puede responder preguntas como la de la existencia de Dios o del alma o el origen del mundo. Kant presupone el constructivismo moderno cuando afirma que el ser humano solo dispone de posibilidades limitadas (como si fueran unas gafas) para percibir la realidad. Kant quería reconciliar el empirismo con el racionalismo a través de su filosofía, pero sus asombrados lectores y sus numerosos oyentes en la universidad se quedaron con la deprimente conclusión de que nunca podrían conocer el mundo “verdadero”. Un lector sin formación filosófica difícilmente tiene la posibilidad de entender a Kant. Y, sin embargo, el intento vale la sin Kant es imposible concebir a filósofos como Hegel, Fichte y Nietzsche o la literatura y las teorías estéticas de los clásicos alemanes.

Immanuel Kant (Königsberg, Prusia; 22 de abril de 1724 - 12 de febrero de 1804) fue un filósofo y científico prusiano de la Ilustración. Fue el primero y más importante representante del criticismo y precursor del idealismo alemán. Es considerado como uno de los pensadores más influyentes de la Europa moderna y de la filosofía universal. Además es uno de los últimos pensadores de la modernidad, anterior a la filosofía contemporánea.

373 pages, Kindle Edition

Published March 12, 2022

About the author

Immanuel Kant was an 18th-century philosopher from Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia). He's regarded as one of the most influential thinkers of modern Europe & of the late Enlightenment. His most important work is The Critique of Pure Reason, an investigation of reason itself. It encompasses an attack on traditional metaphysics & epistemology, & highlights his own contribution to these areas. Other main works of his maturity are The Critique of Practical Reason, which is about ethics, & The Critique of Judgment, about esthetics & teleology.

Pursuing metaphysics involves asking questions about the ultimate nature of reality. Kant suggested that metaphysics can be reformed thru epistemology. He suggested that by understanding the sources & limits of human knowledge we can ask fruitful metaphysical questions. He asked if an object can be known to have certain properties prior to the experience of that object. He concluded that all objects that the mind can think about must conform to its manner of thought. Therefore if the mind can think only in terms of causality–which he concluded that it does–then we can know prior to experiencing them that all objects we experience must either be a cause or an effect. However, it follows from this that it's possible that there are objects of such a nature that the mind cannot think of them, & so the principle of causality, for instance, cannot be applied outside experience: hence we cannot know, for example, whether the world always existed or if it had a cause. So the grand questions of speculative metaphysics are off limits, but the sciences are firmly grounded in laws of the mind. Kant believed himself to be creating a compromise between the empiricists & the rationalists. The empiricists believed that knowledge is acquired thru experience alone, but the rationalists maintained that such knowledge is open to Cartesian doubt and that reason alone provides us with knowledge. Kant argues, however, that using reason without applying it to experience will only lead to illusions, while experience will be purely subjective without first being subsumed under pure reason. Kant’s thought was very influential in Germany during his lifetime, moving philosophy beyond the debate between the rationalists & empiricists. The philosophers Fichte, Schelling, Hegel and Schopenhauer saw themselves as correcting and expanding Kant's system, thus bringing about various forms of German Idealism. Kant continues to be a major influence on philosophy to this day, influencing both Analytic and Continental philosophy.

Reviews

[Seefa Schnee · Rating 5 out of 5]

Ojalá tuviera más estrellas que dar.

[Hugo Pendón · Rating 5 out of 5]

Vaya por delante que no me he leído esto entero (Dios me proteja), pero sí que tengo intención de acabarla en algún momento. Sin embargo, lo que he leído me ha resultado extraordinario. Kant era un gran filósofo, y eso es indiscutible. Pese a la oscuridad de su pensamiento, la obra está escrita, dentro de lo que cabe, con estructura, claridad y sin demasiadas idas de olla.