RENASCENCE FROM PTIndianGenocideSS
A short memoir on the author’s own life as a young Indian woman. As such she both lives in her own time the re-emergence of Indian Tribes and Nation – and was as an Indian very lucky to be able to integrate the Indian cultural Center of Santa Fe as a high school students – and the women’s liberation movement within the Indian tribes and nation – and was as a woman very unlucky with her father, her stepfather, her submissive mother and her successive boyfriends and husbands. She alludes once to the postcolonial atmosphere in this fight or struggle for recognition as an Indian and as an Indian woman. It seems clear Indian men are a lot less lucky than Indian women. Indian men due to the past of their tribes and nation systematically fall into alcoholic celebrations, which means overdrinking, drunkenness and then compensating their historical and cultural frustration with violence among Indians, against their life-partners and against whites if any are around. What’s more, these male Indians consider women as pleasure tools and have absolutely no faithfulness. Promiscuity and sexual hunting seem to be natural to them, meaning there cannot be any limit on their unfaithfulness and promiscuous hunting. The more the better, though they seem to like having one slightly more permanent woman for daily service, any service, including children.
But we have this picture from the point of view of an Indian woman and it is absolutely poignant, pathetic and disquieting. She, like most Indians, suffers from Post Traumatic Indian-Genocide Stress Syndrome and as such, she has no real past. Indians know their tribes, they know their ancestors on at least three to five generations, they know their culture though they do not practice it anymore. They are often ethnically mixed with several tribes crisscrossing their near past and even some white actors in their genealogy. For her she has to make a tremendous effort to recapture that past culture and when she comes close to it, she cannot really feel it, integrate it, make it strong. And yet as a woman she feels pregnant with it though she does not really know what it is or what it was. For example, in music, she just shifts to jazz which is the production of the Black slaves after their liberation. Nowhere did I find a real picture of traditional Indian music based on drums or other instruments like wooden trumpets, or traditional Indian dancing frustratingly replaced by rock and other Black and White musics, or traditional ways of dressing or even behaving. They live within what they experience as a surge of Indian renascence and yet, except in Santa Fe with the experience in dramatic production and acting, with even a tour in various reservations, she finds no follow-up continuation.
This memoir insists a lot more on the woman side of the story with an unfaithful father leading to a divorce, a white stepfather both violent and sexually ill-intentioned, authoritarian and anti-Indian in many ways in the name of some Christian fundamentalism, then a first husband that she has to run after and capture after being impregnated. That leads to a difficult relationship with her mother-in-law, especially since she is hardly 16. And it ends up with a divorce. And then in spite of all resolutions she falls again this time for a Pueblo Indian who leads her into the continuation of what she had sworn to refuse, alcoholic binging, running around hunting for occasional sexual partners, on the side of her husband, and resurging violence in these binge-episodes, also on the side of her husband.
And yet there is something deeply Indian in this memoir. First the cardinal points in an anti-clockwise direction, East, North, West, South. Westerners follow the sun and may start from the North or the East but go clockwise. I was surprised the cardinal points were not associated with the traditional Indian colors. East has no color, North is white, West is the direction of darkness, which is close to black, and South has no color. More surprising is that the axis of this world is not set in the memoir, with an underworld, a middle world, and an upperworld. In fact this vertical dimension is entirely flattened into her daily experience with the underworld of her violent and sexually oriented stepfather, with the alcoholic addiction of her male partners, the violence and law-breaking night-time rebellious activities at school in Santa Fe; with the upperworld in some kind of dream about one day going home and finding some celestial escape, with the evocation of a Wind Tribe. But the Wind God is also attached to breathing and particularly the last breath of a person, hence with death. This constant alienation is expressed over and over again in this memoir, for example:
“We continued to battle with troubled families and the history we could not leave behind. These tensions often erupted in violence provoked by alcohol, drugs, and the ordinary frustrations of being humans.” (page 89)
She does not seem to see, at least in this period of her life, when she still was a teenager, that you must not leave your history behind. If you want to get free from this PTIndianGenocideSS, you have to assume that history and thus to assume the genocide and ask for, demand and request full reparations and reinsertion in society as equal citizens and members. In fact, and this is typical of such victimized groups, it is her being a woman that leads her towards a fight or struggle, just the same way Chicanas are more creative and militant than their male counterparts. And she finds some energy to promote her Indian identity in her being a woman, an Indian woman, even if it is alienated and frustrating.
“Our generation was the seventh generation from the Tecumseh and Monahwee generations. Seven marks transformation and change, the shift from one kind of body to the next. Though black Americans inspired us, Indian peoples were different. Most of us did not want to become full-fledged Americans. We wished to maintain the integrity of our tribal cultures and assert our individual tribal nations. We aspired to be traditional-contemporary twentieth-century warriors, artists, and dreamers.
“There was also a revolution of female power emerging. It was subsumed for native women under our tribal struggle, though we certainly had struggles particular to women. I felt the country’s heart breaking. It was all breaking inside me.” (page 139)
And that’s were this memoir is poignant. Her intention is exactly what she does not do. Sue said to a friend “I’m not interested in marriage or finding yet another man to break my heart” (page 139) but she finalizes her divorce with her son’s father, her first husband, and she runs into the arms of the next one. Even as an Indian woman she cannot reach any stability due to her past experience with her father, her stepfather and her first husband, and due to the fact that male Indians are not able to provide faithfulness to their life partners. It is sad, isn’t it?
And she comes to some idealization of her bones that have consciousness and her marrow that is memory. That leads to the simple idea that “no one ever truly dies.” (page 149) But that’s the typical syndrome of PTSS, the fact that real recognition can only be captured beyond death. And that’s no longer sad. That’s tragically dramatic. And she can turn to the West because «the west of endings” can provide some solace. But that solace is more or less what she gets from what she calls “the knowing,” a third-sense consciousness of danger and safety in the near future, and it is set in parallel with a psychic native woman who tells her “Be careful. You are in great danger.” (page 153)
And this knowing tells her she has to get into poetry and express herself in such a language that will provide her with freedom. So, she releases her own fear and her own fear ends up afraid of dying in its turn. And then she can live because “to imagine the spirit of poetry is much like imagining the shape and size of, the knowing.” (page 164) I just wonder if that is not what Stephen King calls the Shining. But this road to poetry may lead to more difficulties than freedom if it does not assume and both vindicates and advocates her Indian history beyond and after the Indian Genocide.
Dr. Jacques COULARDEAU