Nenhuma organização do século 21 acumula tanto poder de destruição quanto as corporações. São elas que estão no centro do novo livro de Nicholas Freudenberg, que se propõe a investigar as mais diferentes áreas para apontar como as grandes empresas se tornaram o maior problema de saúde pública dos nossos tempos. “As recentes mudanças no capitalismo precipitaram ou agravaram tanto os apocalipses de 2020 como os desastres mais lentos das últimas duas décadas”, diz o pesquisador da City University de Nova York. Em A Que Custo, Freudenberg propõe uma série de caminhos para repensar a nossa organização enquanto sociedade e para superarmos o capitalismo.
“As corporações são personagens centrais nessa história”, avisa Nicholas Freudenberg. O professor de Saúde Pública inicia A Que Custo se perguntando por que temos tanto medo em apontar o capitalismo como o grande problema do século XXI. Ele coloca as grandes empresas no cerne da discussão sobre saúde pública: “Nenhum outro tipo de organização moderna acumulou tanta tecnologia, capital e poder político. Nenhum outro tipo de organização tem a capacidade de penetrar em tantos aspectos da vida cotidiana de tantas pessoas. Nenhum outro tipo de organização tem o alcance global ou a capacidade de agir com tão poucas restrições estruturais.”
Ao longo do livro, Freudenberg se vale da experiência de quase quatro décadas na formulação e na avaliação de políticas públicas para traçar uma espécie de inventário dos problemas de saúde criados por corporações das mais diferentes áreas. Não por acaso: sua intenção é provar que os grandes problemas de nossas vidas não são fatos isolados, e que as forças econômicas por trás de cada um deles são basicamente as mesmas.
O pesquisador traça um histórico de como o poder privado foi ganhando força nas últimas décadas, ao passo que o Estado foi subordinado e a sociedade perdeu controle sobre as estruturas que tradicionalmente faziam um contrapeso às grandes empresas. Ao mesmo tempo, ele mostra como a estratégia de responsabilizar as pessoas pelos problemas de saúde é cruel e funcional para o setor privado.
A que custo mergulha por áreas totalmente diversas – das fabricantes de ultraprocessados às corporações da área de educação, da indústria farmacêutica ao comércio online – para reforçar o ponto fundamental: precisamos repensar nossa atuação enquanto sociedade. Sem se valer de uma leitura fatalista, nem de fórmulas prontas do passado, Freudenberg analisa o que vem sendo articulado como respostas, e o que ainda precisa ser inventado. Para ele, não há dúvida de que, diante dos problemas sistêmicos cada vez mais presentes no nosso cotidiano, a única saída é criar uma alternativa que supere o capitalismo.
O capitalismo se tornou em grande parte disfuncional. Está com o crescimento estagnado, centrado mais nas movimentações financeiras do que na produção, gerando uma desigualdade explosiva, drenando os recursos naturais de maneira destrutiva, impotente em se reorganizar frente ao aquecimento global, incapaz até hoje de se reinventar, preso na lógica da maximização de lucros corporativos a qualquer custo. A que custo? é precisamente a pergunta que nos traz Nicholas Freudenberg neste que é um dos livros mais lúcidos que já li sobre os nossos desafios e os nossos caminhos. As questões-chave que enfrentamos são sistematizadas de maneira clara, com linguagem descomplicada e exemplos práticos. O autor foge das simplificações ideológicas que têm frequentemente nos dividido. É o nosso futuro que é aqui colocado na mesa.
Nicholas Freudenberg is Distinguished Professor of Public Health at the City University of New York School of Public Health. For more than 30 years, he has worked with community groups, public agencies and others to create programs and policies that improve community health and reduce health inequalities. He is also co-director of the New York City Food Policy Center at Hunter College. His 2014 book Lethal but Legal, published by Oxford University Press,describes how corporations contribute to global epidemics of chronic diseases and injuries and how activists and health professionals can take action to change health-damaging corporate practices
I picked this up as Richard Horton mentioned it in an aside in the Lancet, thinking it would be about capitalisms impact on health care and a worthy read. It is much more than that and more interesting than I expected. Taking a wide perspective on health and wellbeing, and exploring social and economic influences on health determined by multiple sectors Professor Freudenberg offers a searing indictment of neoliberal economics and the physical and mental health harms it inflicts. This is all the more powerful because of its measured, rigorous tone. The focus is mainly on the united states of America but some of the problems are global. Throughout successful challenges to harmful practices are highlighted and the last chapters offer constructive thoughts on pathways to improve the situation.
I am disappointed with this book. Maybe I thought it would be different. Essentially to me it felt like a synthesis of a bunch of research papers, that just goes through the numbers, with a few flourishes.
But I had a real hard time making my way through this book even though the topics covered within are 100% a passion of mine. I will keep this as reference though as there may be times I can jump back into a section to help with my own studies.
This text reviews major areas of marketing, capitalism, industry, and health systems that operate (mainly within the US) to highlight that we CAN make a different world if we collectively act and learn from the COVID-19 social/mutual aid movements. The examples are clear, the actionable steps are tangible, and the broken system we live within is well researched. The power that certain businesses and industries have, from energy to technology, can dictate the planet’s future. Our collective voice can transform this system if we ACT.
Favorite quotes:
“More recently, in public health scholarship, the term “commercial determinants of health” has been used to describe how markets and the quest for profits shape health and disease, a term that may further obscure the roots of global threats to health”
“Capitalism as we have known it is dead… This obsession we have with maximizing profits for shareholders alone has led to an incredible inequality and a planetary emergency.”
“Another report released at the 2020 Davos forum, this one by Oxfam International, found that the world’s 2,153 billionaires now have more wealth than the 4.6 billion people who make up 60 percent of the planet’s population.”
“One of the most pernicious effects of privatization is that it shifts the focus of government from ensuring access, quality, equity, and efficiency in the administration of public services to that of a business manager ensuring that contractors are fulfilling the letter of their contracts and remain satisfied so they will continue to provide services”
“Nothing better promotes lifetime health than education. At every stage of life, more education leads to better health. The reverse is also true: throughout the lifespan, healthier people achieve more academic success and learn more easily.”
“From a public health perspective, the question is not what ingredients companies should add or remove from a processed product. The more meaningful ask is “What kind of diet and food supply will best protect the well-being of children?” This is a question the global food industry wants to avoid”
“In today’s economy, as one analyst observed, “The pay structure at present does not provide financial incentives to find a cure for cancer”
“On the most basic questions, however, there is not much discussion or consensus. Is child care and early child education a charity for the needy like food pantries or free clinics or is it a universal right in any civilized society?”
“The mutual aid efforts inspired by the pandemic show the potential for this strategy to build a movement that can confront the recurrent crises and disasters that characterize modern capitalism”
Part I. Introduction 1. The Changing Face of U.S. and Global Capitalism
Part II. The Pillars of Health 2. Food: Ultraprocessed Products Become the Global Diet 3. Education: Private Capital Goes to School 4. Health Care: the Medical Care Industry's War on Cancer 5. Consequences of the Growth of Low-Wage and Precarious Work 6. Transportation: Uber and Autonomous Vehicles vs. Mass Transit 7. Social Connections: Extracting Profit from Human Relations
Part III. Conclusion 8. Transitions from 21st-century Capitalism 9. From Now to Next: To Build a Movement for Another World
A very interesting look at how 21st century capitalism isn't good for us. I had already read how the wealthy GOP has been stealing our country from us but this book dug deeper on how they are imperiling out health to satisfy their greed. We need to take back our health, our economy & our country ... and stop mucking about other countries as well.