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Theseus

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Theseus, mythical hero of Athens, narrates his life story in an existential vacuum following the failure of his marriages, the death of his son, Hippolytus, his own famous exploits a distant memory. Tragedy punctuates this narrative, as it does his drama, Oedipus, also published here, both works elaborating through myth an unanswerable search for self.

112 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1946

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About the author

André Gide

908 books1,732 followers
Diaries and novels, such as The Immoralist (1902) and Lafcadio's Adventures (1914), of noted French writer André Gide examine alienation and the drive for individuality in an often disapproving society; he won the Nobel Prize of 1947 for literature.

André Paul Guillaume Gide authored books. From beginnings in the symbolist movement, career of Gide ranged to anticolonialism between the two World Wars.

Known for his fiction as well as his autobiographical works, Gide exposes the conflict and eventual reconciliation to public view between the two sides of his personality; a straight-laced education and a narrow social moralism split apart these sides. One can see work of Gide as an investigation of freedom and empowerment in the face of moralistic and puritan constraints, and it gravitates around his continuous effort to achieve intellectual honesty. His self-exploratory texts reflect his search of full self, even to the point of owning sexual nature without betraying values at the same time. After his voyage of 1936 to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the same ethos informs his political activity, as his repudiation of Communism suggests.

Chinese 安德烈·纪德

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 47 reviews
Profile Image for Lisa.
1,108 reviews3,290 followers
October 11, 2020
I am back in the labyrinth, chasing a much-loved Nobel Laureate!

I don't think the two stories of Theseus and the Minotaur that I have read recently could differ more in their interpretation of the well-known myth. Pelevin's The Helmet of Horror: The Myth of Theseus and the Minotaur moved the labyrinth into a futuristic online community, where Ariadne's thread led the characters to face their individual versions of the Minotaur. The myth turned into a philosophical reflection in a virtual chat room, and focused on the volatile character of reality instead of on the old heroic adventure.

André Gide stays closer to the Greek story line, but completely demystifies the hero, and disposes of the idealistic version of the perfect leader and brave man. There is no place for supernatural or philosophical reflections in this Theseus. He is simply not smart enough. Cunning, yes. Strong, yes. Ready to take a chance, yes. Smart, no.

At the very beginning, he admits to deliberately forgetting to change sails on the way back from Crete, thus causing his father Aegeus to jump from the cliffs:

"On ne saurait penser à tout. Mais à vrai dire, et si je m'interroge, ce que je ne fais jamais volontiers, je ne puis jurer que ce fût vraiment un oubli."

He tricks Minos, and then acts abominably towards Ariadne, conspiring to elope with her sister Phaedra from the beginning, simply because he can't be bothered with a woman who loves him sincerely:

"Je n'avais rien promis du tout et surtout tiens à rester libre. C'est à moi-même que je me dois."

His first encounter with erudition and wit takes place when he meets Daedalus, the master builder of the labyrinth - sculptor, engineer and architect in one person. He is capable of showing Theseus the outline of his destiny and make him understand at least part of his role:

"Car sache que, dans les Enfers, il n'est pas d'autre châtiment que de recommencer toujours le geste inachevé de sa vie."

In the voice of Daedalus, André Gide gets close to Sartre's and Camus' understanding of punishment, relating to human beings' own personal lives rather than to supernatural laws that encompass all people under all circumstances. Camus' Sisiphos rolling his boulder up the hill, or the eternal triangle drama of Huis clos, suivi de Les mouches illustrate the same idea.

However, when Theseus takes over the main dialogue again, there is no time for reflection. He has to kill the Minotaur. And here he encounters an unusual problem. He catches the beast sleeping, and should take advantage of the situation, but for once he is hesitant and taken by surprise. The monster is beautiful! This is an interesting twist in the story, and Theseus can only make up his mind to kill the beast when it opens an eye and reveals that it is stupid. Beauty has to come with intelligence, otherwise it does not appeal. A lesson to be learned regarding superficial values!

Theseus, self-confident and full of action, goes on to marry Phaedra and to found Athens. This, in his eyes, is what makes him superior to other heroes, the prolongation of his career after the phase of womanising and monster killing. It makes you think of Arnold Schwarzenegger or Ronald Reagan, and in a way, Gide's Theseus has a lot in common with the straightforward opportunists of the 20th century, grabbing every chance they get without qualms.

In the end, the one person he trusts is the one who fails him: Phaedra brings his perfect life to a halt, and he resigns himself to old age and loneliness. In a dialogue with Oedipus, he sums up his take on life. As opposed to his conversation partner, he is only concerned with worldly action and personal achievements. Founding Athens is his chef-d'oeuvre, and he is happy with the result. No regrets:

"J'ai vécu."

Gide's Theseus is a masterful study of the active man, pushing forwards and living life fully, without bothering with worries, regrets or conscience, very much at home in the 20th century, just like Pelevin's The Helmet of Horror: The Myth of Theseus and the Minotaur is a product of the 21st century. Both stories, however, show the lasting impact of myth in a world of opportunism and virtual realities. The powers may have shifted from fate and gods to more modern tools, but the myth itself lives on, forever asking the human questions.

Gide's Thésée is a fantastic reinterpretation of the story by a master storyteller as well as a mirror held up in front of an audience that still worships stupid men of action despite falling victim to them most of the time.
Profile Image for Seyma Sengul.
37 reviews14 followers
February 24, 2018
Yunan mitolojisi sevenlerin beğenerek okuyacağı,son derece akıcı ve kısacık bir kitap.Özellikle Oidipus’un konuşmalarını okumaktan çok keyif aldım.
Profile Image for Rowena.
501 reviews2,775 followers
March 29, 2013
This is a great book for those who like mythology. It was quite a quick read. I much preferred the first story (Theseus) to the second one (Oedipus). The Greek gods were seriously depraved!
Profile Image for ozgurluk kurdu.
310 reviews28 followers
April 30, 2021
Mitoloji severler veya ilgi duyanlar Theseus'un hikayesine aşinadır. Hatta kimileri de "Hep aynı şeyi evirip çevirip anlatmıyorlar mı ki? Mitoloji tek değil mi zaten?" diye düşünüyor olabilir. Bu kitap bütün bunlara karşı bir tez olarak önümüze sunulmuş. Gide felsefe ile mitolojiyi harmanlayarak, kısa ama bir o kadar katmanlaşarak açılan, mitolojik hikayeyi irdeleyen bir anlatım ile okuru farklı bir anlatıma davet ediyor.

Çok severek okuduğum bu kitabı herkese öneriyorum.

Kitaplarla kalın!
Profile Image for Daniel.
44 reviews2 followers
September 27, 2022
Esta imaginada autobiografía de Teseo supo conmoverme profundamente. Estaba claro que con ella también Gide se despedía de la tierra. "¿De qué ocuparse, sino del hombre? No ha dicho su última palabra". Y la última escena, en la que Edipo le explica a Teseo por qué se había arrancado los ojos: en la literatura hay sueltas cosas como éstas, disimuladas y casi furtivas, que golpean sordamente contra el centro de lo que es lo humano. Permitiéndome una digresión a propósito, pienso que es lo que, con mayor maestría que ningún otro, supo ejecutar Dostoievski: en sus largas novelas de tanta tortuosa psicología, con la fuerza y el repentino movimiento de un diálogo termina de descubrir aquello que hasta entonces solo había ido esbozando: la condición humana. Y el efecto que produce es uno de infinita piedad. Con Teseo, Gide se resume, se sublima y se concluye. Agarré este libro movido por mi amor hacia la mitología griega, y lo solté llevándome conmigo el respeto por el pensamiento de este escritor tan importante.
Profile Image for Jadranka Milenković.
Author 12 books57 followers
January 18, 2021
Andre Žid, „TEZEJ“


Pripovetka „Tezej“, još jedan u nizu zanimljivih naslova kojima sam počastila svoj duh zahvaljujući tome što sam ih našla u vidu audio-knjige, dokaz je u kojoj meri mitska građa još uvek korespondira sa našim životima, našom maštom i traženjem sopstvenog smisla. Naslov je obećavao nešto drugačije štivo u odnosu na prethodno odslušane audio-knjige istog autora, a priče o Tezeju odavno raspaljuju mračan deo mojih dnevnih snatrenja, toliko da je on, moglo bi se tako reći, vidljiv ili nevidljiv junak velikog broja mojih priča. Zašto baš on? I šta je to što je Žida nagnalo da baš njega uzme, a ne Herakla ili Jasona?
Mit o Tezeju nije jedna priča koja bi se mogla ispričati u nekoliko rečenica. To je skup priča, i svaka je sama po sebi zanimljiva, pa je logično što neke od njih, sažetosti radi, čak i u Židovoj knjizi nisu dobile veći prostor od jedne rečenice, ili tek nagoveštaja. Upućeni u grčku mitologiju prepoznaće ta mesta, ostalima će dobro doći da se podsete ove zanimljive legende. Naime, Tezej je junak koji je, inspirisan Heraklovim junaštvima ali i svojim poreklom, poželeo da u junaštvima dostigne ovog prethodnika, i tako za sva vremena upiše svoje ime među najslavnije Helene. Za ondašnje Grke, najveća počast je upravo – biti slavan po junaštvu. Ako si kraljević, ako ti je otac čuveni Egej, ako ti je pritom neko napunio glavu da si zapravo sin boga Posejdona, onda će tvoje najmlađe doba obeležiti potisnuta želja da se pokažeš kao junak.
Narator u priči je sam Tezej. On, međutim, na početku osporava da je kao dečak sanjao o junaštvu; priča nam o životu sjedinjenom sa prirodnim okruženjem, o ljubavi prema životinjama, i nekom sasvim nevinom zanosu koji biva prekinut onda kad je njegov otac poželeo da u njemu razvije svog budućeg naslednika. (Očevi, naravno, tome i služe; međutim, sinovi, kad dovoljno odrastu i ozbiljno shvate taj poziv – postaju im, u neku ruku, neprijatelji. To je dobro poznat i bezbroj puta ponovljen usud kraljeva i kraljevića. Ipak, on se obnavlja kao još jedan primer da je Borhes bio u pravu govoreći kako postoje obrasci u kojima se samo akteri menjaju.) Pre nego što mu se prepusti kraljevstvo, i on mora proći određene inicijacije – jedna od njih je vađenje mača ispod stene (mnogo pre priče o kralju Arturu i vađenu mača iz kamena). Narator-Tezej u noveli govori o tome koliko je potraga za ovim oružjem razvila njegovu snagu, ali i njegov duh, dok je prevrnuo sve gorostasno kamenje u okolini Atine. Dokazao je da je dostojan svog imena; ipak, njemu samom to nije bilo dovoljno – poželeo je da ga pronese svetom tako što će poznati svet osloboditi nekih zastrašujućih čudovišta...
To mu je polazilo za rukom. Ali, kako je to uticalo na njegov duh? (Pišući u romanu „Heteros“ o ovome, nije mi bila poznata Židova novela. Žid naglašava slične stvari koje su i mene mučile – može li se biti junak, a ne naneti nikome bol? Može li se u toj besomučnoj trci, stalno napred, ikad ikoga zavoleti? Neće li čovek-junak početi da vidi neprijatelje čak i tamo gde ih nema, zaslepljen krvlju koju proliva? Kako ta krv utiče na njega samog? Postaje li i on čudovište boreći se sa čudovištima? Kako stoji stvar sa sećanjima – moraju li veliki junaci da „uvežbaju“ zaboravljanje, da bi mogli stalno da hrle napred?) Najteži zadatak bio je obračun sa Minotaurom, čudovištem zatvorenim u lavirintu na Kritu, ostrvu kojim je vladao Minoj (Minos). Svake godine, Heleni su bili dužni, zbog neke krivice nanete ovom kralju, da pošalju na Krit sedam mladića i sedam devojaka, koji će biti odvedeni u lavirint. Tezej se dobrovoljno prijavio da bude jedan od njih...
Mnogi znaju rasplet ove priče, pa je izvestan rizik pisati novelu u kojoj će biti ponovljeno ono što je čitaocima dobro poznato. Žid preuzima ovaj rizik, koristeći fabulu da kroz nju izrazi svoje ideje. Naravno, novela nije puko prepričavanje događa. Ono što znamo jeste da će junak pre ulaska u lavirint upoznati kraljevsku porodicu: Minoja i Pasifaju, njihove prelepe ćerke Arijadnu i Fedru, i sina Glauka. Arijadna će biti opčinjena mladim junakom, i pomoći će mu (uz sudelovanje poznatog učenjaka, konstruktora, gotovo čarobnjaka Dedala) da pobedi Minotaura. Dedal će im dati neobičan konac uz pomoć kojeg će mladi Tezej, privezan za Arijadnu, uspeti da se izvuče, ali ni to ne bi bilo dovoljno da mu nos i usta nisu bili zaštićeni maskom natopljenom protivotrovom, kao zaštitom od droga zapaljenih unutar lavirinta da osujete svaku želju za izlaskom. Dobio je, naravno, i bodež. Svoje božansko poreklo morao je da dokaže pred Minojevom porodicom veče pre ulaska u lavirint, skakanjem u more i izronjavanjem dragog kamenja (koje je zapravo imao u kesici za pojasom). Sve ovo govori da junaštvo nije dovoljno, ako nema domišljatosti, lukavstva, i naravno – tuđe pomoći. A upravo je tuđa pomoć ono što je junaku naročito mrsko, jer ne želi nikom ništa da duguje...
Izvesnu vrstu netrpeljivosti prema Arijadni junak oseća još pre ulaska u lavirint. Ona je prelepa, opčinjena njime i spremna da ga prati nakraj sveta. U čemu je problem? U takvoj ljubavi nema izazova. Suviše lako. Gde je tu osvajanje? Kako bi se to moglo nazvati podvigom? (Zar to, u velikoj meri, ne podseća na mnoge bezbroj puta viđene obrasce?) Arijadnin konac koji treba da bude njegov spas, već unapred ga podseća na vezanost od koje beži. Sloboda, čist vazduh, prostranstvo – to je ono gde se on oseća dobro. Želi da sam bude taj koji će vući svoje konce. Čak i u trenutku kad mu život zavisi od te devojke, i kad joj, po okončanom podvigu duguje život, on smišlja načine kako da se oslobodi nameta. Uzalud Dedalove reči da spas (svaki spas) leži u mogućnosti da se čovek vrati unazad (sebi), da bude u stanju da se poveže sa svojim početkom. Dedal mu, kao dokaz, pokazuje svog sina Ikara. U jednoj potpuno mističnoj epizodi, Ikar progovara glasom svih sanjara i tragalaca za božanskim sferama. Ta (najčudnija) scena odskače od ostatka pripovetke. Ikar je, po Dedalovim rečima, i sam bio unutar lavirinta, i takođe udisao mirisne trave zapaljene unutar zidova. One su zauvek pomutile njegov duh. Nije više verovao u mogućnost izlaska, pa mu je otac napravio krila da se pomoću njih vine i preskoči zidine. On sada govori, ali sam sa sobom, i uvek jedne iste priče: ko je bio na početku, kako su iz nekog izvora nastali mnogostruki oblici, ko je oplodio prvobitni život, čemu težiti ako ne bogu... Dedal za njega kaže da je mrtav. Nismo sigurni je li to bio njegov duh, ili je za oca mrtav zato što mu je duh zauvek odbludeo... „Nije se zaustavio na samom sebi...“ Usud starog oca je u tome što su sina uništili njegovi vlastiti izumi.
Unutar lavirinta, Tezej čak i sa maskom oseća dejstvo magičnih trava. Ipak pronalazi Minotaura, i čudi se kako je lep. Minotaur spava. Mlad je. U trenutku kad se budi, vreme je da Tezej deluje. Bitke gotovo da nije ni bilo, tako je kratko trajala. (Moram ovde da podsetim na izvanrednu Borhesovu priču „Asterionov dom“ koja se završava Tezejevim čuđenjem što se čudovište gotovo nije ni branilo.) Sve je to ispalo suviše lako. Teži deo je kako odvesti sa Krita mladu Fedru, i gde usput ostaviti Arijadnu. I to se završava uz pomoć Tezejevog prijatelja i malo lukavstva. Ostavljena Arijadna pripašće kasnije Dionisu, a neki će u budućnosti slaviti njen kult, smatrajući je jednim od otelovljenja boginje Artemide. (Sve te dobre stvari ne bi se dogodile da je on nije ostavio –teši se Tezej; u tome je ogromna doza gnusnog licemerja.) Pre prispeća u Atiku, on zaboravlja (možda i namerno) da promeni jedra iz crnih u bela, a to je bio dogovoreni znak kojim se ostarelom Egeju javlja da li mu je sin živ ili mrtav. Egej se baca u more (nazvano zatim po njemu Egejsko).
Nastupa deo pripovesti u kojem se Tezej prikazuje kao mudri vladar, koji je od svog grada i raštrkanih gradova oko nerazvijene Atine napravio moćan grad-državu čije će ime istorija zauvek upamtiti. Ono što je prvo želeo sebi – večnu slavu – sad je poželeo svom gradu. Dugačak opis njegovih reformi upoznaje nas sa nekom vrstom “starogrčkog socijalizma“ i sa uspostavljanjem demokratije, toliko važne da su je isticali svi viđeniji grčki autori (u Herodotovim „Istorijama“ tome je posvećena značajna pažnja). Ali Pravda ne dozvoljava da se išta osvoji prevarom, to nas uče sve starogrčke priče. Kao i Edip, tako ni Tezej neće proći nekažnjeno. Fedra će se pokazati kao lakomislena, a svoju ljubav prema Tezejevom sinu sa ranijom ženom – Hipolitu – preokrenuće u priču o Hipolitovom nasrtanju na nju (način na koji su mnoge moćne, a nepoštene plemkinje kaznile one koji su ih odbili). Tezej će poverovati, i biće kriv za smrt svog nedužnog sina. A ne može se zamisliti veća nesreća. Još ćemo saznati o njegovim razgovorima sa ostarelim, slepim Edipom, koji je sam sebi iskopao oči u trenutku najveće nesreće. Iz njih, saznajemo da su obojica bili slepi težeći vlasti i slavi, i da se bolje vidi kad se prestane gledati u sav taj spoljni sjaj.
Ipak, Žid je blagonaklon prema svom junaku. Tezej je tragao za sobom, za svojim poreklom i smislom svog postojanja. Verovao je u mogućnost da se pobedi zlo. Verovao je u napredak. U svoja osećanja. U važnost ostavljanja nečega iza sebe.
Pripovetka se završava sasvim u stilu najdubljeg Židovog uverenja. Tezej kaže: živeo sam. To je ispunjenje onog sna za tim da se „više živi“, koji se ponavlja iz jedne u drugu knjigu ovog izvanrednog autora.

Profile Image for Kitty Red-Eye.
730 reviews36 followers
December 31, 2015
A very short read, interesting enough, and entertaining too. I was reading my dad's old copy of this, which he had read when he was young, before he even met my mother, I think. He had made notes in the margins. Somehow I got distracted by those and paid more attention to these little "greetings" to me from my very young dad, where he compared certain sentences and parts with other known motifs, quotes and ideas from European culture: Jesus, Plato, Ibsen and so on. It both enriched and distracted my experience with this little book. If one wants the Theseus myth, I'd recommend some other work first, but for interesting re-interpretation, this one is excellent.
Profile Image for Gökhan Gök.
119 reviews11 followers
August 2, 2018
Andre Gide, bu kısa ama yoğun romanında Yunan mitolojisinin önemli anlatılarından olan Atina'nın efsanevi kralı Theseus’u merkeze alıyor; ona ve diğer mitolojik karakterlerin ana anlatılarına sadık kalmadan kurmacanın sınırlarını genişletiyor. 3,3 / 5
Profile Image for il. menestrello.
111 reviews5 followers
April 1, 2023
In un periodo dove vanno tanto di moda i retelling, la voce di André Gide potrebbe stupirvi con una prosa dal fascino tutt'altro che comune.
Profile Image for Ece.
14 reviews6 followers
August 5, 2018
Anyone who knows me well knows that Greek mythology is my first love – so, of course I was bound to love this book even though Theseus is one of those figures I dislike most. (Yes, team Ariadne forever, he should have been the one left behind, and yes I have a lot of feelings over this).

This is a retelling of the Theseus myth, but interestingly one which demystifies the ideal hero and puts him on a mortal, human footing. In André Gide’s eyes Theseus is not above us, but one of us: not a godlike creature but a man who just wants to be above ordinary. He is brave and ready to make a hero out of himself, and he stops for nobody and nothing in his way. This is best seen in the so-called “godhood” Theseus has – he is not the son of Poseidon here at all, he is simply cunning enough to convince people that he is, and smart enough to use this for his ambitions. He even admits to deliberately forgetting to change sails after killing Minotaur, and hence causing his father’s death – in just a few words without explaining much, of course. Yet for all his tricks he is not wise at all, which eventually comes back to haunt him in old age.

This book is all about Theseus justifying himself at every turn: he tricks Minos, acts awfully towards poor loving Ariadne after using her for his gains, kidnaps Phaedra and leaves Ariadne to her sad fate, all the while talking about how he is oh so smart and cannot be tied down, how he is right to do all this, how he is always right in all these matters after all. He meets Daedalus and learns about punishment and ethics, he sees poor Icarus and is confronted with humanity's desire to rise above our mortality. Daedalus, the master builder talks about labyrinths: how the Minotaur lives in it, and how we also live in our inner labyrinths from which we can never escape. Later, he meets Oedipus who tries to teach Theseus how to look inward, self-reflect, self-actualize, and hence "know thyself." Yet, Theseus does not heed these instructions, being a hero, and goes on to his merry quests.

Theseus eventually fulfills his destiny: having heroic adventures, proving his skills, marrying Phaedra, and founding Athens. Yet, Gide points out how heroes never end with a happily ever after: even Theseus cannot escape from a tragedy in the end. How ironic that for Theseus, who looks down mockingly on other heroes and their flaws all his life, tragedy comes from where he is most blind too: his beloved wife and favorite son, and his own self. In the end, Theseus is like everybody else – a mortal doomed to old age and loneliness, who is not immune to fatal mistakes, who cannot escape fate. Yet, as much as he has regrets his ending words are powerful and deep, embracing living life fully with whatever it comes - as opposed to cowering from it.

All in all, a brilliant study of man, life, and the meaning we gather from all too human questions.
Profile Image for Fin.
340 reviews43 followers
December 24, 2023
Thésée is soo good, exactly the kind of Theseus narrative I've been wanting (weird thing to say lol, but then again I was way too excited when i found this in the Margate charity shop). Gide's Theseus, that magnificent old progressive, is something like a bronze age Castro, looking back on his life and reign with the benevolent self-satisfaction of a job well done. His life is entirely exterior: unlike the broken figures of Daedalus and Oedipus he meets, inner happiness and questions of philosophy do not concern him- he seeks movement, legacy, prosperity, the passing of the baton across ages emblazoned with his name. In fact he succeeds at basically everything he puts himself to in his life, and seems to enjoy it all too. I looove that Gide makes Theseus call his wrestling match with the Minotaur "voluptuous", and he spends much longer describing how he managed to secret the teen Phaedra back to Attica than he does on her, his son's, and his father's deaths combined. Gide's emphasis on Theseus' founding of a quasi-communistic Athens basically places him at the foundation point of Western civilisation; therefore it's worth noting the veiled but apparent jab at Theseus' sense of progressive satisfaction in his legacy, despite the absolute ruin of his own family life and his apparent solitude at the close of the narrative. I loved this, though: startlingly unique take on the minotaur myth, on Oedipus (and Theseus' absolute dismissal of Oedipus' hardwon spiritual repose), on Daedalus/Icarus etc. Sick stuff.

The play Oedipe that closes out this volume I was slightly less wowed by though. Interesting moments on the horrifying cancerous spirals of incest engulfing Oedipus' family, on the notion that in advanced civilisation, we find our sphinxes within us, prowling round inside our bodies, nosing out the horror curled up in our thoughts. Tiresias as old testament prophet, complete with capital g God etc, I found less insightful though, and the actual drama of the play was generally quite mechanical and rote. Not sure I can imagine this actually staged at all.




***oh note to self to remember his anaesthetizing perfumedrugged labyrinth and Daedalus' explanation of why the minotaur never leaves the open air garden at its centre: "we each create our own labyrinth in our mind". Theseus leaves bc he's all exteriority? Pure id, even beyond the minotaur?
Profile Image for Cevizin_kitaplari.
657 reviews11 followers
November 6, 2025
You can think of this book not as pure mythology, but as a retelling. The author reshapes the story into something entirely new. The narrative unfolds as Theseus, now an old man, looks back on his life. His heroic days are long gone, and he questions the weight of his choices and how much of what he once believed was truly “right.” What remains of the famous warrior who slew the Minotaur is simply a man—left alone with his conscience and memories. Gide takes the mythic hero and gives him an aged, wise, and painfully honest voice. This isn’t the story of glory—it’s the confession of a man asking, “What have I done?” and “What have I left behind?”

Theseus begins his account with immense ego, but gradually admits his mistakes, regrets, and even betrayals. As we read about his delusions and failures, the heroic facade crumbles, revealing a flawed and deeply human figure. I personally didn’t enjoy the way Gide portrayed Ariadne or, through her, women in general. I’m not sure if this narrow perspective appears in his other works as well, but it does make one wonder whether his 1947 Nobel Prize had a touch of that gender bias behind it.

Despite that, the book is incredibly rich. It’s thin but packed with underlinable sentences—full of aphorisms, almost like little “life lessons” wrapped in myth. Through Theseus, Gide explores individualism, freedom, and most importantly, the idea that we must find our own way out of our personal labyrinths with our own thread. He also touches on the founding of Athens, Theseus’ reforms, and his attempt to create a social order resembling communism—though he never calls it that directly. In the end, his choices come back to him, like a circuit closing—especially when he discovers his wife with his son.

Overall, the writing is brilliant. If you’re in a period of questioning where your life is heading, want a bit of philosophy, but also want something you can finish quickly, this book is perfect for you. It proves that classic literature doesn’t have to be boring. 💯

Do you enjoy modern reinterpretations of mythological characters? Let’s talk in the comments! 👇
#Mythology #BookReview #WhatImReading #ClassicLiterature #MeaningOfLife #PersonalGrowth #AndreGide
Profile Image for Anna.
328 reviews
November 10, 2021
read for *uni* for cl4668 - classics & the left - for a research project investigating the use of theseus and the minotaur by communist authors kazantzakis, gide, and lindsay in the 1940s
very interesting text that puts quite a cool spin on the myth. i like the use of theseus as the founder of a communist / socialist state (or at least a democratic one) - taken from plutarch, obviously - and i also particularly liked the dialogue with daedalus about icarus and the eternal place of heroes (marxist historical dialectic coming out there). will be concocting a marxist reading of the text, which takes the minotaur's irresistibility and theseus' attraction before killing it because of the stupidity in its eyes as a comment upon the intoxicating nature of capitalist which draws you in - you need a strong moral compass and a group behind you to be able to dismantle it.
would recommend reading this in conjunction with At the Palaces of Knossos and Three Plays, (particularly kouros).
Profile Image for camille.
58 reviews20 followers
July 5, 2018
Je crois que j’ai jamais été autant déçu par un livre. Grande passionnée de mythologie, j’avais vraiment hâte de me plonger dans ce livre qui avait tout pour me plaire: Thésée est l’un des héros qui me fascine le plus, et surtout, le livre est court. Et, vu la taille du livre, je me doutais que tout n’y serait pas, et qu’il n’y aurait pas beaucoup de détails. Mais je pense que je n’ai jamais lu un livre aussi... vide. Si vous voulez un exemple de ce qu’est être concis, ce livre en est un parfait exemple. Mais le vrai problème, selon moi, c’est que c’est tellement concis que l’on apprend rien du tout. J’ai même l’impression que j’en sais moins sur Thésée qu’avant. Le portrait que Gide fait de Thésée est tout simplement nul, comme tous les autres personnages qui n’ont aucunes qualités, seul leurs défauts sont montrés, et c’est dommage. Bref, je suis très déçue.
Profile Image for Louise.
435 reviews47 followers
June 3, 2019
Thésée est vieux, il a traversé beaucoup de choses et se raconte. De ses manoeuvres politiques à Athènes, à ses amours avec la belle Arianne et l'impétueuse Phèdre, en passant par ses exploits contre le Minotaure, il dresse le bilan de sa vie.
J'ai redécouvert le mythe grec avec le ton personnel de Gide, qui signe ici son dernier roman. L'histoire de Thésée est l'occasion pour lui de détailler sa vision de l'existence humaine, avec de très belles analyses contemporaines sur le destin : on y trouve notamment un saisissant monologue d'Icare sur le Divin, et le dernier dialogue entre le sage Thésée et Œdipe l'estropié est incroyable. Même si j'ai trouvé le récit inégal (alternant temps philosophiques et accélération de l'action), je suis toujours aussi admirative de la plume de Gide et il me tarde de lire ses autres interprétations mythologiques.
Profile Image for belisa.
1,436 reviews42 followers
September 1, 2018
pek parlak değil, sanırım efsanelerin böyle anlatılmasından hoşlanmıyorum, yine de birkaç bakış açısı yakalanabilir yaratıcılık adına...
Profile Image for بسام عبد العزيز.
974 reviews1,360 followers
April 29, 2015
لو لديك شغف بالأساطير فبالتأكيد هذا الكتاب سيمتعك بشدة..

ثيسيوس.. الأمير اليوناني الذي يبحث عن السلام من خلال قتله للميناتور الذي يأكل شباب قومه و عندما ينجح ثيسويوس يتحقق له المجد أيضا كبطل عظيم..
أم أن ثيسيوس كان يبحث عن المجد بقتله للميناتور و السلام كان مجرد نتيجة ثانوية ؟!

الأساطير دائما ليست أكثر من رمزية بشرية لحياة الإنسان..
ثيسيوس يذهب في رحلة لقتل الميناتور.. الميناتور يعيش داخل متاهة.. و لكي يقتل ثيسيوس الميناتور فهو يحتاج إلى دخول المتاهة و تخطي العديد من الفخاخ فيها و التي بعضها يسبب نوعا من الخدر للأفراد مما يجعلهم يغيبون عن الوعي.. حتى يصل للميناتور و يقتله و يعود خارجا من المتاهة..

هل هى رحلة كل إنسان في التغلب على مخاوفه؟ للانتصار على وحشه الداخلي؟؟
أصعب رحلة يستطيع الإنسان أن يقوم بها هى تلك الرحلة الداخلية لقتل هذا الوحش الذي يقبع بداخله..
إنه يحاول الوصول لهدفه لكن كم من الأشياء التي تحيط بنا و تخطف أبصارنا و تجعلنا ننحرف عن الهدف .. تجعلنا نفقد الوعى بطريقنا..
لكن ثيوسيوس يستطيع التغلب على تلك المصاعب بمساعدة من حوله.. المهندس الذي بني المتاهة.. و آريان الأميرة الفاتنة التي أحبته.. فالإنسان يحتاج إلى "العلم" و يحتاج إلى "الشعور" حتى يستطيع مواجهة الحياة.. حتي يستطيع الوصول إلى الميناتور القابع داخلنا..
و عندما يصل ثيسويوس إلى الميناتور يجده كائنا تبدو عليه سيماء الغباء و البلاهة.. إنه ليس بالوحش الذي كان يظنه... كذلك تلك المخاوف التي بداخلنا و نحاول التغلب عليها .. إنها ليست بالحجم الذي نتخيله عنها.. إنها قد تكون أشياء تافهة بسيطة و نستطيع بكل سهلة التغلب عليها.. لكن فقط نحتاج إلى مواجهتها بجرأة و شجاعة..

بعد أن يقتل ثيسيوس الميناتور يعود مرة اخرى إلى باب المتاهة بمساعدة الأميرة آريان.. أريان كانت تمسك بطرف خيط طويل يتعلق بنهايته ثيسيوس من اجل معرفة طريق عودته.. هذا الخيط هو الذي يربط بين العالم الخارجي و بين المتاهة.. لو تركه ثيسيوس لضاع إلى الأبد.. فكذلك رحلتنا الداخلية لابد لنا فيها من رابط خارجي لنظل متعلقين به.. سبب يجعلنا نتمسك بالحياة حتى لا نتوه بين جردان المتاهة.. في حالة ثيوسيوس كان هذا الخيط هو الحب الذي جعله يخرج سالما من تلك المتاهة.. فلولا هذا الحب لتاه ثيسيوس إلى الأبد..

لم اقرأ تفاصيل الأسطورة الأصلية .. لا أعرف هل قام آندريه جيد بتغيير الأحداث ام لا.. لكن ما أعلمه يقينا أنها قصة أمتعتني بشدة..
Profile Image for Dana Burda.
195 reviews28 followers
September 7, 2017
Studiul pe care Andre Gide l-a dedicat eroului antic Tezeu a apărut în limba franceză cu titlul ''Thesee'' la editura Gallimard în anul 1946. A fost tradus în limba română de Irina Eliade și a apărut la editura Univers în 1971 împreună cu alt text '' File de toamnă''. Andre Gide se preocupă de miturile Greciei antice încă din 1919 cînd publică un stidiu special în care prezintă mitul antic drept o înlănțuire de fapte explicabile. În stidiul din 1946 eroul Tezeu apare ca un personaj pefect coerent cre se construiește pe sine mânat de ambiție. În prima tinerețe se lasă purtat de aventurile care îl fac celebru, alegând drumul pe uscat spre Atica unde era tatăl său regele Egeu, și nu călătoria pe mare mai sigură și mai fră de primejdii. Gide coboară eroul antic de pe soclul unde fusese urcat cu multe secole în urmă, indiferent cât de strălucitor este parcursul său.Chiar și părăsirea Arianei pe insula Naxos , ca și uitarea de a schimba pânzele corăbiei din negre în albe, ceea ce duce la moartea tatălui său, nu sunt întâmplătoare sau doar dictate de zei, ci măcar în subconștient sunt acțiuni dorite. Să scape de o femeie pe care a folosit-o dar pe care nu o plăcea cu adevărat și să ajungă mai repede rege în locul tatălui său, sunt motive întemeiate pentru gesturile sale. Acest Tezeu al lui Andre Gide este un om ca toți oamenii și chiar uciderea Minotaurului și ieșirea din Labirint își pierd din fascinația mitului și par victorii bine chibziute și datorate în are parte alegerii și ascultării unor sfătuitori înțelepți ca Dedal. Tezeu ajunge să se întrebe la bătrânețe ce a făcut cu adevărat important în viața lui cu strălucire atât de eroică privită dinafară. Și ajunge la concluzia că va rămâne posterității doar cu ceea ce a construit pentru alții, cetatea Atenei și regulile de conviețuire ale cetățenilor ei. O cetate închinată zeiței rațiunii și bazată pe legi raționale.
Profile Image for Merve.
355 reviews52 followers
July 2, 2020
Andre Gide en sevdiğim yazarlardan biri. Theseus mitolojinin en ünlü kahramanlarından biri. Çoğu yazarda mitolojik kahramanların hikayelerini yeniden, kendi bakış açılarıyla kurgulama çabası mevcut. Ben bu yeniden yazım sürecini en çok feminist bakış açısıyla kadın yazarlarda daha çok seviyorum. Ama bu diğerlerini küçümsediğim, anlamsız bulduğum anlamına gelmiyor. Sadece çok az erkek yazarda cinsiyet duyarlılığına dayalı bir üslup var. Andre Gide’nin en çok Isabelle ve Kadınlar Okulu’ndaki düşünceleri ve yazım biçemi çok hoşuma gitmişti. Theseus’un bakış açısını mitolojideki eril aklı iyi yansıttığını düşünüyorum. Bu noktada duruşunu tam anlayamamış olsam da Theseus’un Ariadne’ye karşı tavrını haklı çıkaran bir düşünceye mi sahip yoksa Theseus’un mizacını ortaya çıkarmak için mi bilerek öyle kurgulamış emin olamadım. Yine de Andre Gide kitabı bu. Sakince rahatlatıcı bir şekilde içine çekiyor sizi. Bir kahve içimlik sürede bitebilecek özlükte bir öykü.
Andre Gide ve mitolojik anlatıları seviyorsanız veya hiç okumamışsanız keyifli okumalar (:
Profile Image for Manuel Sanz.
664 reviews17 followers
October 6, 2016
Teseo victorioso del minotauro, derrotado por Fedora, su esposa que prefiere a su hijo y le obliga a pedir castigo para el a los dioses, dejando su reino sin heredero. Y quedándose el sin esposa al inmolarse esta. Edipo le enseña que ciego se ve mejor y que la apariencia no cuenta.
Profile Image for Uliyati hernanda.
3 reviews
April 4, 2012
novel Theseus ini adalah novel kali pertama membuat saya jatuh cinta dan selalu ingin membaca karya-karya yang bermutu seperti ini. novel yang sangat bagus. sarat dengan muatan psikologi seorang Theseus yang sedang mengalami oedypus complex.

pernah, sekali saya menulis review tentang novel ini di blog saya sekitar dua tahun yang lalu. Perkembangan psikologis sang tokoh utama dalam novel ini yaitu Theseus ketika masa kanak-kanaknya memang sudah menginginkan kebebasan penuh tanpa adanya larangan atau rintangan dari pihak manapun yang bisa menghalangi kehendaknya. Ingin mencari kelembutan, belaian sang ibu yang selama ini dicurahkan kepada alam yaitu dengan cara mengelus-elus buah-buahan (diibaratkan sebagai payu dara ibu), dan kulit kayu yang lunak, batu licin di tepi laut, bulu anjing dan kuda. Namun hal itu tidak bertahan lama karena mendapat larangan dari ayahnya. Inilah kali pertama Theseus merasa cemburu kepada ayahnya sendiri yang dianggapnya menjadi penghalang luapan cinta kasihnya kepada belaian sang ibu yang dicurahkan kepada buah-buahan , goyangan rumput, batu licin di tepi laut, kulit kayu yang lunak, bulu anjing dan kuda yang melambangkan kelembutan seorang wanita.

Wanita merupakan sumber kekuatan sekaligus keemahan Theseus. Setiap Theseus berjuang agar terbebas dari seorang wanita, Theseus akan terbelenggu dalam ikatan wanita lain. Theseus hanya ingin bersenang-senang dengan wanita yang ia kehendaki tanpa ada ikatan apa-apa yang bisa merenggut kebebasannya.

Dalam perjalanannya ke Atena, Theseus bertemu dengan salah seorang wanita dan kemudian jatuh cinta, Pyregone namanya. Pyregone adalah sosok wanita yang tinggi dan lemah gemulai. Namun ayah pyregone sudah dibunuh olehnya. Sebagai tebusannya, Theseus memberikan seorang anak kepada Pyregone yang bernama Menalip. Seiring berjalannya waktu, Menalip dan Pyregone pun ditinggalkannya untuk meneruskan perjalanannya agar tidak terlambat. Karena Theseus adalah seorang yang merasa tak peduli lagi dan tak punya hubungan apa-apa dengan yang sudah dikerjakan. Dia menganggap bahwa yang paling penting adalah apa yang sedang ditunggu, bukan apa yang sudah diselesaikan (halaman 12).

Ketika Theseus pergi ke pulau Kreta untuk membunuh Minotaur (anak dari permaisuri pulau kreta dengan sapi yang menjelma Zeus) yang tak karuan wujudnya karena perpaduan antara binatang dan manusia. Di pulau itu, Theseus mengalami banyak kejadian diantaranya yaitu ketertarikannya dengan Phaedra (bungsu raja dan permaisuri pulau itu), permasalahannya dengan Ariadne (kakak Phaedra) yang mau berusaha menghalangi kebebasan Theseus, memasuki labyrinth (tempat tinggal Minotaure), dan sebagainya. Tetapi dengan segala upayanya, dia berusaha mengatasi masalahnya termasuk mempertahankan kebebasannya dari segala hal yang merintang meskipun cara yang dilakukan harus mengkhianati Ariadne, lebih-lebih raja Minos (yah Ariadne) yang selama ini telah berbaik hati kepada Theseus.

Dari dalam Labyrinth, dia berhasil keluar dan berhasil membawa teman-temannya yang sudah terperangkap disana termasik Pirithous. Kepada Pirithous lah dia menceritakan segala permasalahannya yang diantaranya yaitu cinta dan dendamnya kepada Ariadne, ketergila-gilanya kepada Phaedra meskipun dia belum mencapai usia remaja.

Suatu ketika Pirithous membuat suatu tipu daya untuk mencapai apa yang diinginkan Theseus sebenarnya yaitu memiliki Phaedra tanpa adanya rintang sang kakak, Ariadne. Rencana itu pun dijalankan dan berhasil. Theseus berhasil mendarat di Attika dan membawa Phaedra pulang setelah menurunkan kakaknya di pulau Naxos.

Ketika mendarat di Attika, dan ayah Theseus, Aegeus, tahu bahwa bendera layarnya berwarna hitam, Aegeus langsung menjatuhkan dirinya ke laut dan meninggal. Secara sengaja oleh alam tak sadarnya, Theseus tidak ingin mengganti bendera layar itu menjadi putih bila menang dan hitam bila kalah sesuai dengan perjanjian dengan sang ayah.

Secara tak langsung, hal itulah yang memang diinginkan oleh Theseus karena kecemburuannya terhadap sang ayah yang selama ini menjadi perintangnya dalam merasakan jamahan sang ibu yang diwujudkannya dengan alam sebagai penyalur hasrat libidonya. Salain hal itu, selama malam terakhir dalam perjalananya mendarat di Attika, Theseus bermimpi menjadi raja Attika. Hari itu adalah merupakan hari besar bagi bagi rakyat dan Theseus karena mereka kembali dengan selamat dan naik tahta dan hari berkabung karena kematian sang ayah, Aegeus.

Setelah itu, Theseus mengawini Phaedra dan Attika sekaligus. Namun, setelah mempunyai anak yang bernama Hippolitus, kegelisahan dan narsismenya kambali lagi. Sosok sang ayah yang selama ini menjadi penghalang akan kebebasannya kini dilihatnya pada anaknya. Yang membuat kecemburuan Theseus kepada anaknya sendiri yaitu Hippolitus akan merebut sang ibu yang diwujudkan dalam sosok Phaedra. Oleh karena itu Theseus membiarkan anaknya disusui oleh Antiope, ratu Amazone, perempuan yang bersusu satu itu. Hal lain yang memicu kecemburuannya yaitu Hippolitus berbudi luhur, mulia dan menjauhi kehidupan duniawi, lain sekali dengan Theseus. Hal itu membuatnya melihat sosok ayahnya kembali dan menjelma menjadi Hippolitus. Selain itu, Thesesus secara tak sadar mungkir dari kenyataan bahwa dirinya sudah tua dan sekaligus menyadari bahwa dirinya tidak akan menang merebut hati sang ibu. Karena hel-hel tersebutlah akhirnya Theseus membunuh anaknya sendiri. Setelah mengetahui semuanya, istrinya pun ikut bunuh diri.

Setelah ayah dan anaknya dibunuhnya, kemudian disusul bunuh diri sang istri, perasaan gelisah, takut tersaingi pun tak kunjung hilang. Theseus sengaja membandingkan dirinya dengan riwayat Oedipus. Kekhawatiran-kekhawatiran itu ialah , ia cemburu kan Oedipus yang seorang raja Thebes juga memiliki Attika yang dimilikinya. Selain itu, ia juga merasa cemburu kepada sang ayah secara tidak langsung menunjuk Oedipus yang telah merebut Attika (yang dianggapnya sang ibu) karena jasadnya dikuburkan di Attika, bukan di Thebes.

Theseus tidak mau orang lain juga memiliki apa yang telah dimilikinya. Ia ingin diakui sebagai seseorang yang paling hebat dan dipuji sepenuhnya tanpa disbanding-bandingkan denga orang lain. Oleh karena itu Theseus tidak segan-segan menyingkirkan bahkan membunuh orang-orang yang dianggapnya merebut apa yang dimilikinya sekalipun orang itu adalah orang-orang yang sangat dicintainya.
Profile Image for Mert Ali Akcan.
31 reviews92 followers
October 28, 2019
Hiç şüphesiz bu yıl okuduğum en en en güzel kitaplardan birisiydi. Duygusal anlamda da etkilendim. Özellikle Oidipus ile olan son kısımlar, İkarus'un 'deliliğini' gördüğümüz o efsanevi satırlar! Mitolojinin böylesine güzel yeniden yazılması beni en çok etkileyen şeylerden birisidir. En son Jeannette Winterson'ın Atlas'ın Yükü'nü beğenmiştim 're-tell' olarak. D.H Lawrence'ın Ölen Adam'ı ise belki de yanlış zamanda okuduğumdan etkileyicilikten uzaktı. Ama Theseus! Andre Gide'e bir kez daha hayran kaldım, kendisinden okuduğum ikinci kitap ve okumaya devam edeceğim kesin.

Yıl sonunda da 5 yıldıza tamamlayacağıma eminim.
Profile Image for Astrid Dzul Hori.
77 reviews
February 9, 2023
Esta versión de “Teseo” es muy interesante porque aborda varios de los temas fundamentales de la vida cotidiana: el amor, la traición, la dedicación, la entrega, etc. Particularmente, mi parte favorita fue el diálogo de Teseo con Edipo. En ese intercambio, Guide deja ver la sabiduría que puede obtenerse de figuras míticas tan controversiales como lo es Edipo.
Quisiera agregar que esta pequeña obra es el brevísimo recuento de una vida, que trata de dar cuenta de que al final se ha vivido, con lo bueno y lo malo, con legados y desperfectos, pero se ha vivido.
Profile Image for Neslihan.
54 reviews5 followers
January 7, 2018
Yunan tarihine dair okuduğum ilk eserdi ve kesinlikle son olmayacak. Hasan Ali Yücel Klasikler Dizisi'nden Yunan mitolojisiyle alakalı birkaç kitap okumayı çok isterim.


"Cehennemde en büyük ceza hayattayken tamamlayamadığın işe tekrar tekrar başlamaktır." (sf: 46)

"Asıl oymak istediğim gözlerim değil, o perdeydi, içinde çırpındığım o dekor, gerçeğe ulaşmak için inanmaktan vazgeçtiğim o yalandı." (sf: 70)

"Tanrıyı görmek için dünyayı görmekten vazgeçilmelidir." (sf: 71)
Profile Image for Miguel Garzón.
334 reviews15 followers
November 1, 2025
Historia fascinante en fondo y forma de un personaje bien sabido pero redescubierto por la mano de un talento audaz. La narración guarda un equilibrio portentoso entre acción y descripción, está llena de frases brillantes y observaciones inteligentes y avanza con fluidez y gusto. Una lectura breve y maravillosa. Un nuevo autor a seguir descubriendo es una sensación gratísima. Muy recomendable.
Profile Image for Петър Керкелов.
254 reviews2 followers
May 11, 2023
Много писатели избират някаква обикновена или общопозната история за да изведат идеите си в пространството на читателското внимание. Това е един от лошите примери. Не идеите са лоши, а начинът, по който са изразени.
Profile Image for Reni Kancheva.
68 reviews2 followers
October 25, 2025
Андре Жид предлага интересна интерпретация на историята на Тезей (и Минотавъра). Като тук не просто сблъсъкът не е на фокус, но и героичността не е център на историята. Тезей е хуманизиран, пороците му са явно показани и именно това допринася за този нов прочит на древната история.
Profile Image for Kerem.
414 reviews15 followers
December 27, 2017
Ozellikle mitoloji sevenlerin cok haz alacagi, keyifle okunan bir kitap. Theseus'un maceralarini ve hayatini kendi agzindan anlatan, Atinanin bir sehir devleti olmasina varan guzel bir hikaye.
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