What do you think?
Rate this book


Nel giugno del 1967, poco dopo la lettera aperta di Solženicyn sulla censura nell’Urss, si tiene in Cecoslovacchia il IV Congresso dell’Unione degli scrittori. Un congresso diverso da tutti i precedenti – memorabile. Ad aprire i lavori, con un discorso di un’audacia limpida e pacata, è Milan Kundera, allora già autore di successo. Se si guarda al destino della giovane nazione ceca, e più in generale delle «piccole nazioni», appare evidente – dichiara Kundera – che la sopravvivenza di un popolo dipende dalla forza dei suoi valori culturali. Il che esige il rifiuto di qualsiasi interferenza da parte dei «vandali», gli ideologi del regime. La rottura fra scrittori e potere è consumata, e la Primavera di Praga confermerà sino a che punto la rinascita delle arti, della letteratura, del cinema avesse accelerato il disfacimento della struttura politica. A questo discorso, che segna un’epoca, si ricollega un intervento del 1983, destinato a «rimodellare la mappa mentale dell’Europa» prima del 1989. Con una veemenza che il nitore argomentativo non riesce a occultare, Kundera accusa l’Occidente di avere assistito inerte alla sparizione del suo estremo lembo, essenziale crogiolo culturale. Polonia, Ungheria e Cecoslovacchia, che all’Europa appartengono a tutti gli effetti, e che fra il 1956 e il 1970 hanno dato vita a grandiose rivolte, sorrette dal «connubio di cultura e vita, creazione e popolo», non sono infatti agli occhi dell’Occidente che una parte del blocco sovietico. Una «visione centroeuropea del mondo», quella qui proposta, che oggi appare ancora più preziosa e illuminante.
85 pages, Paperback
First published November 1, 1983

"What is Central Europe? An uncertain zone of small nations between Russia and Germany. I underscore the words: small nations. (...) But what is a small nation? I offer you my definition: the small nation is one whose very existence may be put in question at any moment; a small nation can disappear, and it knows it. A Frenchman, a Russian, or an Englishman is not used to asking questions about the very survival of his nation. His anthems speak only of grandeur and eternity. The Polish anthem, however, starts with the verse: ‘Poland has not yet perished’...”
"Joseph Conrad was always irritated by the label 'Slavic Soul' that people loved to slap on him and his books because of his Polish origins, and about sixty years ago he wrote that 'nothing could be more alien to what is called in the literary world the Slavic spirit than the Polish temperament with its chivalric devotion to moral constraints and its exaggerated respect for individual rights.'"
"But what is a small nation? I offer you my definition: the small nation is one whose very existence may be put in question at any moment; a small nation can disappear, and it knows it. A Frenchman, a Russian, or an Englishman is not used to asking questions about the very survival of his nation. His anthems speak only of grandeur and eternity. The Polish anthem, however, starts with the verse: 'Poland has not yet perished...'"
"After the destruction of the Austrian Empire, Central Europe lost its ramparts. Didn't it lose its soul after Auschwitz, which swept the Jewish nation off its map? And after having been torn away from Europe in 1945, does Central Europe still exist?
Yes, its creativity and its revolts suggest that it has 'not yet perished.' But if to live means to exist in the eyes of those we love, then Central Europe no longer exists. More precisely: in the eyes of its beloved Europe, Central Europe is just a part of the Soviet empire and nothing more, nothing more.
And why should this surprise us? By virtue of its political system, Central Europe is the East; by virtue of its cultural history, it is the West. But since Europe itself is in the process of losing its own cultural identity, it perceives in Central Europe nothing but a political regime; put another way, it sees in Central Europe only Eastern Europe."
"It is only in that period, only in a world that maintains a cultural dimension, that Central Europe can still defend its identity, still be seen for what it is."