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Mitsel İmge

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Mitsel İmge
The Mythic Image

Joseph Campbell (1904-1987)

Uzak Asya’dan Hindistan’a, Çin’den Japonya’ya, Eski Doğu’dan Eski Batı’ya, Avrupa’dan Afrika’ya, Hıristiyanlıktan Yahudiliğe ve İslam’a, Filipinler, Endonezya, Mikronezya gibi ada uygarlıklarından İnka, Aztek, Maya gibi Amerika uygarlıklarına kadar dünyanın çeşitli inançlarını imgesel bağlamda inceleyen Joseph Campbell, kitapta ayrıca bu imgelerin kültürel, edebi ve psikolojik yönlerini ele alıyor.

Campbell, düşlerin mitlerle olan ilişkisiyle başlayarak mitolojileri okuryazar ile okuryazar olmayan halk gelenekleri şeklinde iki ayrı gruba ayırıyor. Etkileri çağlara uzanan mitolojilerin izini metinler ve imgelere odaklanarak sürüyor. Doğu ve Batı mitolojileri arasındaki rüya ve yaşam yorumlarındaki farklılıkları metin ve imgelere odaklanarak ortaya koyuyor. Bu farkı izah etmesine rağmen benzerliklerini hem imgesel hem de kültürel anlamda belirtiyor. Budizm ve Hinduizm inancı gibi Doğu’nun köklü inançlarını derinlemesine anlatırken, bir yandan da okuru Batı’nın genele etki etmiş Hıristiyanlık, Yahudilik ve İslam gibi inançlarının kökenlerine ve farklı yorumlanmalarına sürükleyebiliyor.

“Bütünleşik bir dünya kataloğu” olarak da adlandırılabilecek kitap, Jung’dan Freud’a çeşitli bilim insanlarından ve psikoloji kuramları gibi çok yönlü bilim dallarından da yorumlamalar esnasında faydalanıyor. Birbirinden karmaşık kültürleri imgesel anlamda karşılaştırması dışında basit bir kültürel yasağın veya övgünün edebi ya da arkeolojik materyal açısından nasıl farklı coğrafyalarda benzer biçimde bulunabildiği uygulamalı olarak gösteriyor.

Mimari öğeleri, cam vitraylarını, ibadet merkezlerini, mağara resimlerini ve de mitoloji veya inançla ilişkili ilkel veya gelişmiş her türlü imgeyi ayrıntılarıyla açıklıyor. Bir yanda Uzak Doğu’nun inançlarını incelerken, bir anda Afrika kabileleriyle benzerliklerinin görülebildiği kitapta Zeus, Orpheus, Aphrodite, Apollon, Ares, Adonis… Buda, Brahma, Tantra, Vişnu, Krishna… Ra, Nut, Horus, Anubis, Toth… Tlazolteotl, Tezcatlipoca, Quetzalcoatl ve daha nice tanrı ve tanrıçanın anlatısı yer alıyor.

595 pages, Hardcover

First published January 1, 1974

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About the author

Joseph Campbell

425 books6,188 followers
Joseph Campbell was an American author and teacher best known for his work in the field of comparative mythology. He was born in New York City in 1904, and from early childhood he became interested in mythology. He loved to read books about American Indian cultures, and frequently visited the American Museum of Natural History in New York, where he was fascinated by the museum's collection of totem poles.

Campbell was educated at Columbia University, where he specialized in medieval literature, and continued his studies at universities in Paris and Munich. While abroad he was influenced by the art of Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse, the novels of James Joyce and Thomas Mann, and the psychological studies of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. These encounters led to Campbell's theory that all myths and epics are linked in the human psyche, and that they are cultural manifestations of the universal need to explain social, cosmological, and spiritual realities. 


After a period in California, where he encountered John Steinbeck and the biologist Ed Ricketts, he taught at the Canterbury School, and then, in 1934, joined the literature department at Sarah Lawrence College, a post he retained for many years. During the 40s and '50s, he helped Swami Nikhilananda to translate the Upanishads and The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna. He also edited works by the German scholar Heinrich Zimmer on Indian art, myths, and philosophy. In 1944, with Henry Morton Robinson, Campbell published A Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake. His first original work, The Hero with a Thousand Faces, came out in 1949 and was immediately well received; in time, it became acclaimed as a classic. In this study of the "myth of the hero," Campbell asserted that there is a single pattern of heroic journey and that all cultures share this essential pattern in their various heroic myths. In his book he also outlined the basic conditions, stages, and results of the archetypal hero's journey.


Throughout his life, he traveled extensively and wrote prolifically, authoring many books, including the four-volume series The Masks of God, Myths to Live By, The Inner Reaches of Outer Space and The Historical Atlas of World Mythology. Joseph Campbell died in 1987. In 1988, a series of television interviews with Bill Moyers, The Power of Myth, introduced Campbell's views to millions of people.


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Displaying 1 - 28 of 28 reviews
Profile Image for Mesoscope.
614 reviews349 followers
September 4, 2009
I'm delighted to find at last a book by Campbell that I can recommend without hesitation. The format of this book is a superb fit with his jump-around style. In this lavishly and beautifully illustrated book, Campbell takes several core mythological symbols and explores how they have been used in different cultures. Many of the parallels he demonstrates are fascinating and extraordinary, and his gargantuan knowledge of comparative mythology is on full display. Every page contains at least one surprise. Even more than "Hero With a Thousand Faces", this is the work I would single out as Campbell's masterpiece.
Profile Image for Paul Nagy.
9 reviews4 followers
March 24, 2017
I cut my intellectual eye teeth reading Joseph Campbell’s (1904–1987) The Hero with a Thousand Faces. It was his introduction to a generic, comparative history of mythology, using the hero myth as a universal example of the origin and history of consciousness, within the individual in traditional to modern cultures. Afterward, Joseph Campbell’s magnum opus, the four volume The Masks of God series provided the outlines of a universal history of mythology from conjectured preliterate beginnings through to the modern myths of Thomas Mann’s and James Joyce’s forays into the complex levels of self in society. In my view, Joseph Campbell’s The Mythic Image bookends the full array of his studies in mythology, by providing a generic cosmological, comparative snapshot of universal myths as portrayed in story and images. It is a massive book weighing nearly 6 ½ pounds in its hardcover edition. Profusely illustrated throughout with many images supported by lengthy captions and integrated into the illustrative text, the volume not only recapitulates Joseph Campbell’s oeuvre, but is meant as a summary of the Bollingen Series of one hundred extensive studies, most of which celebrate an analytical depth psychology of symbols and history, literature and art, critical studies.
The Mythic Image was produced in 1974 and subsequently Campbell went on to make many more popular studies of mythology as it related to modern and postmodern attempts at self-consciousness. His posthumous, 1988 PBS discussions with Bill Moyer, Joseph Campbell and the Power of Myth. The PBS documentary remains one of the most popular series in the history of American public television. The Power of Myth, a book based on the six-part series, has become a best-selling introduction to his mythological project. Not to take away from the near universal acclaim of this dialogue about Campbell’s work, I believe that The Hero with a Thousand Faces and The Mythic Image represent a more concentrated and profound summation of his mythical comparativists project.
Unfortunately, Joseph Campbell’s works in their far-flung synthesizing vision have not touched the academic mainstream with its more plodding, particularistic procedures. Though his writings remain popular and are read with enjoyment and profit by any willing to give them a chance, there are far too few academics who explicitly recognize his pioneering into classic ethnographies, and Age of Reason mythographers, and critical literary studies, except a few popularizers of archetypal psychology and new age cosmologies.
The power of The Mythic Image is the subtlety and depth of analysis as joined to a universal arc of the cosmic-frame of human experience. A study of the photographs with their commentaries and integration into the narrative text provides a nearly unique integration of image and story that gives one a deeply poetic and meditative push into the depths of one’s own mystery of human being as the mingled fresh waters of the stream and dream of life into the salty depths of ocean and immortality. Though I’ve often felt that Joseph Campbell never quite gave the holistic grasp of moska or liberation it’s dizzying due, he encapsulates many levels of the mysteries of experience. In every moment a birth, it seems a window and a door into eternity that teases the clown into the trickster of creation and suffers the hero into the sacrifice of every life, a tragedy and a well-worn sleep.
Profile Image for Dickson.
30 reviews3 followers
February 2, 2008
This is an amazing book on imagery and dreams which are at the root of mythology. I imagine everyone who has written, or thought about writing a screenplay, has this book on the shelf--421 black and white illustrations.
Profile Image for giao.
23 reviews
August 18, 2011
i will continue to keep this near me as a guide for the study of the conscious and unconscious self and culture. Highly recommend.
Profile Image for Nikita Skiba.
11 reviews
November 11, 2015
Прекрасная книга, даже жаль, что дочитал её. Лучшего обзора по всем мифологиям мира с проведением параллелей, аналогий, анализом причин возникновения тех или иных элементов различных традиций я не встречал. Превосходный стиль изложения и множество иллюстраций, с собственными, иногда многостраничными пояснительными комментариями. Рекомендую всем, кто интересуется мифологией и философией религий. Разбираются многочисленные заимствования в христианстве и приводятся примеры истоков заимствований, поэтому исследователям и критикам христианства книга может показаться особенно интересной. Также разбираются элементы буддизма, иудаизма, индуизма и мифологий почти всех народов мира.
Profile Image for Nikki.
358 reviews14 followers
April 17, 2008
Campbell's ability to capture the vast mythological histories of varying cultures continually amazes me. This book has it all, including a plethora of illustrations and art. I could re-read for a lifetime and never remember it all!
Profile Image for Luca.
140 reviews1 follower
January 10, 2017
I think that the value of this book is the beauty of the images and how much they are accesible thanks to the text. I like Joseph Campbell works, and I can reccomend this book to the ones who wants a tour trought some of the most recurrent image in mythologi.
Profile Image for Tomasz.
163 reviews7 followers
December 28, 2017
To książka na miarę Campbella, tak pełna, tak erudycyjna, tak nafaszerowana wiedzą, że trudno ją w kilku zdaniach podsumować. Trudno rzec, czy tu tekst pełni główną rolę, czy ogromna ilość ilustracji, reprodukcji i zdjęć ukazujących motywy wspólne dla religii świata. Po przeczytaniu w głowie kłębi się od myśli, obrazów, toposów, mam nadzieję, że to się jakoś uporządkuje. Eseistycznym stylem Campbell przekazał to, co w jego teorii monomitu najważniejsze: wspólnotę wszystkich wierzeń oraz fascynację snem.
Profile Image for John Div.
48 reviews15 followers
November 7, 2017
The book starts with Vishnu the cosmic dreamer. And proceeds to connect various myths where the world as a dream is the central motif. The first chapter was the best of them all. Campbell is the best when it comes to connecting myths from various regions and religions of both primitive and oriental. A good book on the language of myths.
Profile Image for Raúl.
Author 10 books60 followers
February 24, 2018
Campbell combina en su libro el texto propiamente dicho, las imágenes (reproducciones de obras de arte, esculturas, bajorrelieves, objetos arqueológicos) junto a las explicaciones a pie de página de estas imágenes para dar idea de una unicidad presente en todas las mitologías y en todas las religiones, una unicidad que admite la explicación de difusión geográfica por una parte, por otra la de la existencia de arquetipos psicológicos jungianos y quizá de forma más adecuada, la de la existencia de una forma común de considerar lo sagrado y lo divino que se manifiesta de manera similar a lo largo de todo el mundo.
Profile Image for Kim.
39 reviews1 follower
December 21, 2008
I really was not sure how to rate this book. It is a very interesting book but it is mainly images of mythic figures throughout the ages and cultures and brief explanations of their significance. Read this if you want to delve into comparative mythology, or if you are an art history major.
Profile Image for Daniel.
Author 3 books1,277 followers
December 8, 2007
Campbell is right!

People tend to believe in myths.
15 reviews1 follower
September 9, 2009
Campbell says, "Follow your bliss!" This has meaning for me; although I prefer this stunning line from Mark Strand: "Each moment is a place you've never been."
Profile Image for Lizzy DeMarco.
500 reviews5 followers
May 22, 2025
Love a book that is mostly pictures of incredible ancient artwork! A must read for anyone interested in religious artwork of all kinds.
Profile Image for Semih.
116 reviews
December 18, 2025
Bu kitapta Campbell’ın anlatıyı ağırlıklı olarak Doğu sanatı ve mitleri üzerinden kurmasını ve özellikle Hindu anlatılarına geniş yer ayırarak kökeni buraya dayandırmasını tam olarak ikna edici bulmadım. Başka eserlerinde farklı coğrafyalardan ve geleneklerden daha güçlü dayanaklar getirip getirmediğini bilmiyorum; fakat burada beni asıl rahatsız eden mesele, belirli bir kültürden örnek verilmesinden ziyade, köken ile aktarım arasındaki ilişkinin yeterince sorgulanmaması oldu.

Benim için temel problem şu: Mitlerde ve sanatta tekrar eden imgeleri açıklarken, Campbell çoğu yerde Jungcu sembolizm çizgisinde kalıyor ve bu imgeleri bilinçdışı bağlantılar üzerinden birbirine bağlıyor. Oysa bana daha ikna edici gelen yaklaşım, bu tekrarların büyük ölçüde aktarım yoluyla, yani insanların daha önce duydukları anlatıları devralıp dönüştürmeleriyle açıklanması. Yeni bir anlatı üretildiğinde bile, çoğu zaman eski anlatılara bakılarak yorum katılıyor; bu da benzer imgelerin tekrar tekrar karşımıza çıkmasını doğal kılıyor.

Burada imge ile simge/sembol arasındaki fark benim için önemli hale geliyor. İmge, tek bir anlama indirgenmeyen, duyusal ve bedensel deneyimi aynı anda taşıyan bir yapı. Örneğin “mağara” imgesi; karanlığı, soğuğu, korunmayı, bilinmeyeni ve hatta korku ile güven duygusunu aynı anda çağırabiliyor. Bu çoklu anlam kapasitesi, imgelerin neden bu kadar güçlü ve kalıcı olduğunu açıklıyor. Bu güç, bana göre Jungcu bilinçdışı bağlantılardan çok, bedensel deneyim (Merleau-Ponty çizgisi) ve memetik aktarım ile ilişkilendirilebilir: Böyle imgeler hatırlanıyor, aktarılıyor ve kültürel seçilim sürecinde ayakta kalıyor.

Mitsel İmge’de ise bu imgeler çoğu zaman, imgenin çok-anlamlı doğası korunmadan, sembolik eşleştirmelere doğru hızlıca sabitleniyor. Bazı bağlantılar dar bir örnek grubuna dayanıyor ve bu örneklemden geniş genellemelere gidildiğinde kurulan ilişkiler zayıf kalıyor. Özellikle Hindu anlatılarının ayrıntılarına girildiği bölümlerde, diğer kültürlerle kurulan bağların aynı ölçüde derinleştirilmemesi, anlatının dengesini benim için bozdu.

Bu nedenle kitabı bitirmekte zorlandım. Her bölüm beni aynı ölçüde etkilemedi ve bağlantıların gerçekten “çok geniş çaplı” kurulup kurulamayacağı sorusu zihnimden hiç çıkmadı. Zaten böyle bir konuda bu ölçekte evrensel bağlar kurmanın ne kadar mümkün olduğu da benim için başlı başına tartışmalı.

Sonuç olarak kitap, imgelerin mit ve sanattaki önemini düşünmek için değerli bir çerçeve sunsa da, benim için aktarım, kültürel bellek ve memetik süreçler yeterince hesaba katılmadan yapılan Jungcu okumalar ikna edici olmadı. Jungcu sembolizm bazı yerlerde güçlü bir betimleme sağlıyor; ancak imgelerin kökenini ve yayılımını açıklamak için tek başına yeterli görünmüyor.
Profile Image for Lancelot Schaubert.
Author 38 books394 followers
September 13, 2023
Rather than write a review of this man's life work, I'd rather just cite the various posts I've written about him in the past:

• Monomyth Definition: A Defense of The Hero’s Journey
• Hindu Monotheism : The Upanishads and Vedanta
• Follow Your Bliss : Results of Joseph Cambell’s Advice
• The New
Hero: Tolkien and Subversion

• Joseph Campbell Religion :: Did Joseph Campbell Believe in God?
• Joseph Campbell Religion :: Did Joseph Campbell Believe in God?
• Was Joseph Campbell atheist?

And because I like having fun, the Zero with 1,000 Faces

Mark: Got a new lighting rig and arrangement that I want to test out, but I need something that changes and moves around a bunch. You up for a challenge?

Lancelot: [silence. I’m thinking…]

Mark: Day… in the… studio?

Lancelot: New lighting set up?

Mark: Yeah, it’s–

Lancelot: What if I tapped into my old thespian and modeling skillset and tried to give you as many faces as possible?

Mark: So… you’d… wait. Like trying to get me to mix it up as you mix it up?

Lancelot: Yes. You’ll keep me on my toes, making sure the faces are all different. I’ll keep you on your toes so you switch your style.

Mark: Sounds fun.

Lancelot: We’ll call it… [Dr. Evil voice] THE ZERO WITH 1000 FACES.

Mark: [Quiet for awhile, then:] Okay.

Well we got into the studio and I brought exactly four billion props and costumes.

Profile Image for Dmitry Borisoglebsky.
14 reviews
November 5, 2025
The author's impressive culture illustrates pre-scientific cognition. The book's diverse and voluminous imagery celebrates the variety of the world. However, I am skeptical that cultural similarities are best explained by generic archetypes. Many similarities stem from cultural inheritance or pure chance, neither of which fully address the emergence of images and their specific meanings.

While the book describes images as objects, I suspect cognitive processes combined with stimuli might better explain cross-cultural similarities. As people strive to make sense of common surroundings, they often converge on similar symbols. Just as all languages must contain words for concepts like water and food, it is unsurprising to find materialized words for more abstract things.
Profile Image for Frtaberna.
23 reviews
February 11, 2024
Campbell’s breadth of knowledge on mythologies is huge. His writing style can be beautifully poetic but also sometimes meandering and very dense, which makes it difficult to keep up with. Still, once he gets to the point he is trying to make, it’s reliably brilliant.
I noticed that his ideas and mythological/symbolic comparisons are bit too guided by Hinduism and Buddhism, which makes me feel it’s not as universal as he presents it. Still, it’s Campbell so you will always find fresh ideas that can directly impact your spiritual/psychological outlook.
18 reviews
January 22, 2023
This is a wonderful summary of various mythic images around the globe. From Egypt to Indian to Mayan to Buddhist. A grand overview that allows the reader to decide where to delve deeper. My one issue is that at time the sentences and paragraphs seem to jump around randomly leading to some confusion-at least on my part!
1 review
January 31, 2020
This book is one of the great book I've ever read. I recommend it to everyone.
Profile Image for Javier Muñoz .
350 reviews11 followers
September 15, 2024
Interesante, como casi todo lo de campbell, aunque no termino por gustarme del todo el tema. Saque, eso si, el nombre de mi perra: Tara.
Profile Image for Anna Delucca.
Author 4 books
January 16, 2021
Un racconto dettagliato e minuzioso sulla storia e i miti antichi dell'umanità.
Sebbene la narrazione a volte si spinga oltre la mera analisi di dati storici e si inerpichi per tortuosi sentieri, costellati da ipotesi e similitudini tra religioni e riti pagani, il libro è ricco di spunti e nozioni che consentono al lettore, di costruirsi un ampio campo di ragionamento e conoscenze riguardo ad avvenimenti e cause che, a partire dalle origini del mondo in poi, hanno fortemente influenzato la vita, i comportamenti, le azioni e decisioni che hanno contribuito inevitabilmente, a realizzare la storia degli uomini
Profile Image for Zach.
345 reviews7 followers
Read
May 7, 2017
As I've learned from Joseph Campbell (amongst others), any book, or object, regarded from the proper perspective may be transformative for the perceiver. However, some books are more readily transformative than others -- this book is a lightning rod. Campbell's incredible mind analyzes, unpacks, compares, and explains countless images from myriad cultures. The hundreds of pictures & illustrations of mythic images coupled with the associated narrative myths (when available) engender this book with hallowed qualities -- it is a treasure to behold. Campbell deftly organized the book, and the argument he substantiates throughout is well worth weighing and considering. Mythic images are more varied, clarified, deepened, and even more beautifully mysterious than ever to me after this absorbing book.
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