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ایده دانشگاه
کمتر از یک سده است که ما در کشورمان دانشگاه مدرن تأسیس کردهایم بیآنکه از همان آغاز، یا در ادامه، توجهی به روح دانشگاه یعنی فلسفۀ دانشگاه کرده باشیم. ایدههای فلسفی دربارۀ ماهیت و رسالت دانشگاه روح دانشگاه بهشمار میآیند و مبادی عزیمت، مسیر اصلی و غایت فرجامین آن را تعیین میکنند. رسالت کنشگرانِ دانشگاه، خواه آموزگاران و دانشجویان و پژوهشگران، و خواه مدیران دانشگاه توسط ایدههای فلسفی تعیین میشود و به یاری سنجههای فلسفی ارزیابی میشود. این کتاب نشان میدهد که دستکم برای دویست سال است که فیلسوفان بزرگ مغرب زمین از کانت به بعد، مفصلاً به بحث و نظریهپردازی دربارۀ هویت فلسفی دانشگاه اقدام کردهاند. فیلسوفانی چون کانت، نیومن، هیدگر، گادامر، هابرماس، جان سرل و مانند آنها از این شمارند و در این کتاب نوشتههایی از آنها در اختیار خوانندگان فارسی زبان قرار میگیرد. جالب اینجاست که در ایران حتی اهل فلسفه هم توجه چندانی به اندیشهورزی این اندیشمندان دربارۀ این موضوع دانشگاه نکردهاند. این مجموعه میتواند سرآغازی برای توجه جدی به این حوزه باشد.
338 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 2016
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About the author
Immanuel Kant
3,068 books4,384 followersImmanuel Kant was an 18th-century philosopher from Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia). He's regarded as one of the most influential thinkers of modern Europe & of the late Enlightenment. His most important work is The Critique of Pure Reason, an investigation of reason itself. It encompasses an attack on traditional metaphysics & epistemology, & highlights his own contribution to these areas. Other main works of his maturity are The Critique of Practical Reason, which is about ethics, & The Critique of Judgment, about esthetics & teleology.
Pursuing metaphysics involves asking questions about the ultimate nature of reality. Kant suggested that metaphysics can be reformed thru epistemology. He suggested that by understanding the sources & limits of human knowledge we can ask fruitful metaphysical questions. He asked if an object can be known to have certain properties prior to the experience of that object. He concluded that all objects that the mind can think about must conform to its manner of thought. Therefore if the mind can think only in terms of causality–which he concluded that it does–then we can know prior to experiencing them that all objects we experience must either be a cause or an effect. However, it follows from this that it's possible that there are objects of such a nature that the mind cannot think of them, & so the principle of causality, for instance, cannot be applied outside experience: hence we cannot know, for example, whether the world always existed or if it had a cause. So the grand questions of speculative metaphysics are off limits, but the sciences are firmly grounded in laws of the mind. Kant believed himself to be creating a compromise between the empiricists & the rationalists. The empiricists believed that knowledge is acquired thru experience alone, but the rationalists maintained that such knowledge is open to Cartesian doubt and that reason alone provides us with knowledge. Kant argues, however, that using reason without applying it to experience will only lead to illusions, while experience will be purely subjective without first being subsumed under pure reason. Kant’s thought was very influential in Germany during his lifetime, moving philosophy beyond the debate between the rationalists & empiricists. The philosophers Fichte, Schelling, Hegel and Schopenhauer saw themselves as correcting and expanding Kant's system, thus bringing about various forms of German Idealism. Kant continues to be a major influence on philosophy to this day, influencing both Analytic and Continental philosophy.
Pursuing metaphysics involves asking questions about the ultimate nature of reality. Kant suggested that metaphysics can be reformed thru epistemology. He suggested that by understanding the sources & limits of human knowledge we can ask fruitful metaphysical questions. He asked if an object can be known to have certain properties prior to the experience of that object. He concluded that all objects that the mind can think about must conform to its manner of thought. Therefore if the mind can think only in terms of causality–which he concluded that it does–then we can know prior to experiencing them that all objects we experience must either be a cause or an effect. However, it follows from this that it's possible that there are objects of such a nature that the mind cannot think of them, & so the principle of causality, for instance, cannot be applied outside experience: hence we cannot know, for example, whether the world always existed or if it had a cause. So the grand questions of speculative metaphysics are off limits, but the sciences are firmly grounded in laws of the mind. Kant believed himself to be creating a compromise between the empiricists & the rationalists. The empiricists believed that knowledge is acquired thru experience alone, but the rationalists maintained that such knowledge is open to Cartesian doubt and that reason alone provides us with knowledge. Kant argues, however, that using reason without applying it to experience will only lead to illusions, while experience will be purely subjective without first being subsumed under pure reason. Kant’s thought was very influential in Germany during his lifetime, moving philosophy beyond the debate between the rationalists & empiricists. The philosophers Fichte, Schelling, Hegel and Schopenhauer saw themselves as correcting and expanding Kant's system, thus bringing about various forms of German Idealism. Kant continues to be a major influence on philosophy to this day, influencing both Analytic and Continental philosophy.
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March 7, 2025
ترجمه سنگینه.کلیت کتاب هم بیشتر شبیه به پایان نامه دکتراست. نظرات و ایدههای مختلف در مورد دانشگاهه.
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