Fragile Cargo is the story of evacuating the art and treasures of the Forbidden City as the Japanese advanced through China during the Second World War. Art, and the contents of museums, libraries and galleries tends not to be the focus when discussing military history; the loss of life and destruction of cities always comes first. But these are markers of a country's history and its culture, and are irreplaceable.
Author Adam Brookes keeps the narrative tight by focusing mainly on a handful of individuals. He also doesn't immediately drop us into the Second World War. We instead learn about China becoming a republic, and how the Forbidden City became a museum - and the absolutely massive inventory task that came along with that, working through over a million items - in the pre-war years.
But as the Japanese moved closer to Beijing, the decision was made to evacuate the museum's art and treasures. Thousands of cases were packed up, awaiting shipment. But these, of course, aren't just items you can throw in a box and hope for the best. The task of simply boxing everything up was its own undertaking before anything even happened. The crates began shipping out in 1933. Some wouldn't make it back to Beijing until 1950. Others would never come back.
Brookes weaves us through the war at quite a brisk pace. I don't mean that in the sense that the story is rushed, but rather that there's a great fluidity and ease to his writing. The book is very easy to read; you can work through large chunks of it quite quickly. Part of this is also the nature of the story itself: the crates of art were constantly on the move, trying to stay ahead of the Japanese. When museum staff thought they would be safe somewhere, they'd once again have to be relocated.
That's the one major takeaway from this account: this was a massive undertaking. You first have to pack the art up properly; it can't jostle or move around, and water can't get into the crates. Then, how do you move all these crates? Sometimes by train, sometimes by boat, sometimes by truck - but it's always dangerous. And the crates were divided, sent on three separate routes; you need to keep track of what's where. Finding appropriate storage facilities was also very difficult, as the conditions had to be perfect to ensure no water damage, molding, termite damage; they had to be guarded to keep thieves away.
And once the Second World War is over, China is plunged into civil war. Many cases of the Forbidden City's treasures were taken to Taiwan to be kept safe from the communists, where these pieces still remain today. And as said, other cases didn't make their way back to Beijing until 1950 - 17 years after they were first sent away.
I thought Fragile Cargo was incredibly interesting. It covers a topic I had never stopped to think about before. It's an enlightening read, but also a very easy read. To see how the museum curators fared throughout all of this (the few that Brookes chose to focus on) was another great detail to the story. I kind of chose this book on a whim as I didn't have anything else lined up - and what a very pleasant surprise it was.