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Assignment China: An Oral History of American Journalists in the People's Republic
Reporting on China has long been one of the most challenging and crucial of journalistic assignments. Foreign correspondents have confronted war, revolution, isolation, internal upheaval, and onerous government restrictions as well as barriers of language, culture, and politics. Nonetheless, American media coverage of China has profoundly influenced U.S. government policy and shaped public opinion not only domestically but also, given the clout and reach of U.S. news organizations, around the world.
This book tells the story of how American journalists have covered China—from the civil war of the 1940s through the COVID-19 pandemic—in their own words. Mike Chinoy assembles a remarkable collection of personal accounts from eminent journalists, including Stanley Karnow, Seymour Topping, Barbara Walters, Dan Rather, Melinda Liu, Nicholas Kristof, Joseph Kahn, Evan Osnos, David Barboza, Amy Qin, and Megha Rajagopalan, among dozens of others. They share behind-the-scenes stories of reporting on historic moments such as Richard Nixon’s groundbreaking visit in 1972, China’s opening up to the outside world and its emergence as a global superpower, and the crackdowns in Tiananmen Square and Xinjiang. Journalists detail the challenges of covering a complex and secretive society and offer insight into eight decades of tumultuous political, economic, and social change.
At a time of crisis in Sino-American relations, understanding the people who have covered China for the American media and how they have done so is crucial to understanding the news. Through the personal accounts of multiple generations of China correspondents, Assignment China provides that understanding.
This book tells the story of how American journalists have covered China—from the civil war of the 1940s through the COVID-19 pandemic—in their own words. Mike Chinoy assembles a remarkable collection of personal accounts from eminent journalists, including Stanley Karnow, Seymour Topping, Barbara Walters, Dan Rather, Melinda Liu, Nicholas Kristof, Joseph Kahn, Evan Osnos, David Barboza, Amy Qin, and Megha Rajagopalan, among dozens of others. They share behind-the-scenes stories of reporting on historic moments such as Richard Nixon’s groundbreaking visit in 1972, China’s opening up to the outside world and its emergence as a global superpower, and the crackdowns in Tiananmen Square and Xinjiang. Journalists detail the challenges of covering a complex and secretive society and offer insight into eight decades of tumultuous political, economic, and social change.
At a time of crisis in Sino-American relations, understanding the people who have covered China for the American media and how they have done so is crucial to understanding the news. Through the personal accounts of multiple generations of China correspondents, Assignment China provides that understanding.
493 pages, Kindle Edition
Published March 21, 2023
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December 9, 2022
What does it mean to be a China watcher now that so many are unable to visit the country? How can we call ourselves experts when peering in from a distance? How much do we really understand where our news comes from and how it reaches us? How can we search for truth in a massive country with an intimidating, uncooperative authoritarian political system? As Assignment China shows, those who make the study of China their life’s work have faced these difficulties before, only the technology has changed.
This is a masterful account of American journalism in China, covering from the 1940s through the global pandemic. It gives a backstage look at the reporting of major events such as the Chinese Civil War, the Great Leap Forward, historic meetings with Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping’s visit to the United States, President Nixon’s 1972 visit, Tiananmen Square 1989, the handover of Hong Kong, and the Sichuan Earthquake. It provides firsthand accounts of working in investigative journalism in more remote regions, tackling issues such as environmental pollution, corruption, health crises, unrest in Tibet and Xinjiang, and the emotional impact of family planning policies. This comprehensive history serves as a highly readable primer for the top Chinese news stories over the past eighty years. Much of this information will not be new to the seasoned China watcher, but the recollections of acclaimed veteran correspondents will be. There are moving stories of camaraderie under tough circumstances and odious tales of boys’ club bullying.
Journalists used connections and craftiness to get the stories that would influence U.S. policy and shape global public opinion. Crucially, it does not ignore the people who helped behind the scenes. This includes the assistants, interpreters, drivers, technicians and fixers who are essential for creating the news people consume. This is a mainly oral history from journalists, but it also includes reflections from American and Chinese officials, writers and academics. These Chinese nationals were often uncredited and working in a sensitive, risky and dangerous position. What is especially interesting is that in many cases, their story did not get the attention it deserved due to a lack of support from their newspapers or a disinterested, distracted American public.
Assignment China begins by asking us to contemplate what sort of people brought the story of China to the American media. What sort of “mental baggage” did they bring with them? Many of the early China experts came from missionary or military backgrounds. For most of the book, the vast majority of eminent journalists interviewed studied at Harvard. The book took an unintended turn for the comical when, somewhere past its halfway point, it introduced yet another graduate of an Asian Studies program at Harvard or Yale.
Studying Chinese language, history and culture is a formidable task, especially to do so at a level where you can speak under considerable pressure and set people at ease. If you’ve studied Chinese, you can sympathise with the late AP journalist Seymour Topping (University of Missouri, which does not get a mention), who described encountering Communist guerrillas: “I could see his fingers on the trigger. He didn’t understand my Chinese.” There are numerous accounts of journalists dodging bullets or being beaten, once to the point of suffering from a permanent injury. These journalists worked under difficult, demanding and dangerous conditions to “provide a voice for the voiceless.”
In the 1940s, the issues with reporting from China were mainly logistical. Communications were severed, underdeveloped and divided by the Kuomintang and the Communists. After this, American journalists had a different challenge. No longer allowed to conduct business in the country and frankly completely unable to blend in to a crowd, they had to “make sense of China without being able to go there and see for themselves.” Many journalists considered China to be their second home and felt a deep sense of separation when they were barred from entering the mainland during the Mao years. These chapters offer insights into the often thankless but essential work of conducting overseas interviews, wading through documents and “how reading through the People’s Daily could drive you crazy because you had to figure where’s the phrase that means something in all this drivel.”
Later journalists would come from more diverse cultural, academic and employment backgrounds. The sections on the reporting of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Henan province by physician Elisabeth Rosenthal were fantastic. After an initial pushback by the Chinese government, this reporting led to individuals receiving the medical treatment they desperately needed. More recently, a growing proportion of the U.S. press corps have Chinese heritage and are able to conduct interviews without drawing as much attention. However, they are less likely to enjoy the protections of being a journalist and a foreigner. As Alice Su of the Los Angeles Times experienced, they were more likely to be cut off from embassy services and abused. She remarked, “I talked to people and got a really good story. On the other hand, I had a taste of being treated as a Chinese person. That was very unpleasant.”
It is admirable that the book explains the difficulties in reporting the truth. Accounts provided by refugees in Hong Kong were often incomplete and the stories were often “biased or tailored to provide what refugees thought interviewers wanted to hear.” This book heavily covers the issue of ‘fake news,’ including the cropped photo that led to the 2008 protests against Western media or the fiction in Mike Daisey’s visit to Foxconn on a retracted piece of This American Life.
This book is a welcome addition to the history of broadcasting and includes many humorous anecdotes. It is fascinating to read about the tensions between the first television journalists who were not experienced China hands and the print journalists, who made China their life’s work. Naturally there were professional rivalries and intense competition. Imagine the excitement of satellites when the country was still using “sewing pins to hold papers together.” Or trying to film Nixon’s visit but you’re being hindered because the minders are upset and the film crew is being called ‘disrespectful’ because you’ve filmed Chairman Mao’s portrait on the Forbidden City in blue, by going through the necessary sequential registering of the primary colours for the broadcast. There was also the matter of trying to get footage with a limited amount of daylight and being held up by conversations over tea or experiencing a unique delaying tactic called “death by banquet.” More recently, journalists shared how difficult it is creating stories with the multimedia heavy internet in mind. Finally, technology is now allowing journalists to report on China from abroad, utilising economic ties, financial paper trails and satellite imagery.
Even for those familiar with Chinese politics and history, the method of jumping from one journalists’ memories to another provides a thrill of suspense. It would have been interesting to explore the experiences of journalists’ accompanying families. Partners and children are limited to a passing mention in what often reads like a spy novel. One exception is the inclusion of interviews with China scholar Leta Hong Fincher, the wife of journalist Mike Forsythe. According to Hong Fincher, Forsythe had his investigative work cut to protect Bloomberg’s business interests and the company subsequently tried to pressure Hong Fincher into signing a non-disclosure agreement. Has this happened to the partners of other journalists? Nevertheless, this may fall outside the scope of the book as it would move focus away from getting the story and towards their personal lives.
Today, China journalists and scholars are facing “increasing harassment and intimidation, often of a physical nature, as well as threats to cancel their visas and expel them.” This book includes numerous situations where journalists had to protect their sources, but the forthcoming challenge may be in how media institutions and universities protect their China experts. Reading journalists’ recollections of China’s modern history, we feel the highs of China’s opening up (“There was this tremendous hopefulness among academics, students of China, ordinary people who were charmed by the Chinese culture and civilisation, who found something loveable in China they would never have found in the Soviet Union.”) and the lows of pessimism and worry over recent developments. Journalists are now deeply concerned that China closing itself off will result in global opinions of China that are “narrow, one-dimensional.” The final chapters grapple with how China’s relations with the U.S. have worsened and examines how the major newspapers capable of doing long form, in-depth investigative journalism have had their journalists expelled. We are in desperate need of those who can contribute to our understanding of China and its people, but without institutional support, how can we cultivate the next generation of China watchers? How can human interest stories be shared when the press is caving to business interests and political pressure?
In Assignment China, political, social and economic changes are covered in detail and provide significant insights into Chinese-American relations and technological developments in journalism. It successfully shows how the background of journalists and the financial situation of their employers shapes how news is collected, understood and transmitted. Readers seeking to enhance their understanding of modern Chinese history and the current trends in media will find this text incredibly helpful. It is highly recommended for China watchers who would like an intimate look at how the biggest Chinese news stories were brought to international attention.
This book was provided by Columbia University Press for review.
This is a masterful account of American journalism in China, covering from the 1940s through the global pandemic. It gives a backstage look at the reporting of major events such as the Chinese Civil War, the Great Leap Forward, historic meetings with Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping’s visit to the United States, President Nixon’s 1972 visit, Tiananmen Square 1989, the handover of Hong Kong, and the Sichuan Earthquake. It provides firsthand accounts of working in investigative journalism in more remote regions, tackling issues such as environmental pollution, corruption, health crises, unrest in Tibet and Xinjiang, and the emotional impact of family planning policies. This comprehensive history serves as a highly readable primer for the top Chinese news stories over the past eighty years. Much of this information will not be new to the seasoned China watcher, but the recollections of acclaimed veteran correspondents will be. There are moving stories of camaraderie under tough circumstances and odious tales of boys’ club bullying.
Journalists used connections and craftiness to get the stories that would influence U.S. policy and shape global public opinion. Crucially, it does not ignore the people who helped behind the scenes. This includes the assistants, interpreters, drivers, technicians and fixers who are essential for creating the news people consume. This is a mainly oral history from journalists, but it also includes reflections from American and Chinese officials, writers and academics. These Chinese nationals were often uncredited and working in a sensitive, risky and dangerous position. What is especially interesting is that in many cases, their story did not get the attention it deserved due to a lack of support from their newspapers or a disinterested, distracted American public.
Assignment China begins by asking us to contemplate what sort of people brought the story of China to the American media. What sort of “mental baggage” did they bring with them? Many of the early China experts came from missionary or military backgrounds. For most of the book, the vast majority of eminent journalists interviewed studied at Harvard. The book took an unintended turn for the comical when, somewhere past its halfway point, it introduced yet another graduate of an Asian Studies program at Harvard or Yale.
Studying Chinese language, history and culture is a formidable task, especially to do so at a level where you can speak under considerable pressure and set people at ease. If you’ve studied Chinese, you can sympathise with the late AP journalist Seymour Topping (University of Missouri, which does not get a mention), who described encountering Communist guerrillas: “I could see his fingers on the trigger. He didn’t understand my Chinese.” There are numerous accounts of journalists dodging bullets or being beaten, once to the point of suffering from a permanent injury. These journalists worked under difficult, demanding and dangerous conditions to “provide a voice for the voiceless.”
In the 1940s, the issues with reporting from China were mainly logistical. Communications were severed, underdeveloped and divided by the Kuomintang and the Communists. After this, American journalists had a different challenge. No longer allowed to conduct business in the country and frankly completely unable to blend in to a crowd, they had to “make sense of China without being able to go there and see for themselves.” Many journalists considered China to be their second home and felt a deep sense of separation when they were barred from entering the mainland during the Mao years. These chapters offer insights into the often thankless but essential work of conducting overseas interviews, wading through documents and “how reading through the People’s Daily could drive you crazy because you had to figure where’s the phrase that means something in all this drivel.”
Later journalists would come from more diverse cultural, academic and employment backgrounds. The sections on the reporting of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Henan province by physician Elisabeth Rosenthal were fantastic. After an initial pushback by the Chinese government, this reporting led to individuals receiving the medical treatment they desperately needed. More recently, a growing proportion of the U.S. press corps have Chinese heritage and are able to conduct interviews without drawing as much attention. However, they are less likely to enjoy the protections of being a journalist and a foreigner. As Alice Su of the Los Angeles Times experienced, they were more likely to be cut off from embassy services and abused. She remarked, “I talked to people and got a really good story. On the other hand, I had a taste of being treated as a Chinese person. That was very unpleasant.”
It is admirable that the book explains the difficulties in reporting the truth. Accounts provided by refugees in Hong Kong were often incomplete and the stories were often “biased or tailored to provide what refugees thought interviewers wanted to hear.” This book heavily covers the issue of ‘fake news,’ including the cropped photo that led to the 2008 protests against Western media or the fiction in Mike Daisey’s visit to Foxconn on a retracted piece of This American Life.
This book is a welcome addition to the history of broadcasting and includes many humorous anecdotes. It is fascinating to read about the tensions between the first television journalists who were not experienced China hands and the print journalists, who made China their life’s work. Naturally there were professional rivalries and intense competition. Imagine the excitement of satellites when the country was still using “sewing pins to hold papers together.” Or trying to film Nixon’s visit but you’re being hindered because the minders are upset and the film crew is being called ‘disrespectful’ because you’ve filmed Chairman Mao’s portrait on the Forbidden City in blue, by going through the necessary sequential registering of the primary colours for the broadcast. There was also the matter of trying to get footage with a limited amount of daylight and being held up by conversations over tea or experiencing a unique delaying tactic called “death by banquet.” More recently, journalists shared how difficult it is creating stories with the multimedia heavy internet in mind. Finally, technology is now allowing journalists to report on China from abroad, utilising economic ties, financial paper trails and satellite imagery.
Even for those familiar with Chinese politics and history, the method of jumping from one journalists’ memories to another provides a thrill of suspense. It would have been interesting to explore the experiences of journalists’ accompanying families. Partners and children are limited to a passing mention in what often reads like a spy novel. One exception is the inclusion of interviews with China scholar Leta Hong Fincher, the wife of journalist Mike Forsythe. According to Hong Fincher, Forsythe had his investigative work cut to protect Bloomberg’s business interests and the company subsequently tried to pressure Hong Fincher into signing a non-disclosure agreement. Has this happened to the partners of other journalists? Nevertheless, this may fall outside the scope of the book as it would move focus away from getting the story and towards their personal lives.
Today, China journalists and scholars are facing “increasing harassment and intimidation, often of a physical nature, as well as threats to cancel their visas and expel them.” This book includes numerous situations where journalists had to protect their sources, but the forthcoming challenge may be in how media institutions and universities protect their China experts. Reading journalists’ recollections of China’s modern history, we feel the highs of China’s opening up (“There was this tremendous hopefulness among academics, students of China, ordinary people who were charmed by the Chinese culture and civilisation, who found something loveable in China they would never have found in the Soviet Union.”) and the lows of pessimism and worry over recent developments. Journalists are now deeply concerned that China closing itself off will result in global opinions of China that are “narrow, one-dimensional.” The final chapters grapple with how China’s relations with the U.S. have worsened and examines how the major newspapers capable of doing long form, in-depth investigative journalism have had their journalists expelled. We are in desperate need of those who can contribute to our understanding of China and its people, but without institutional support, how can we cultivate the next generation of China watchers? How can human interest stories be shared when the press is caving to business interests and political pressure?
In Assignment China, political, social and economic changes are covered in detail and provide significant insights into Chinese-American relations and technological developments in journalism. It successfully shows how the background of journalists and the financial situation of their employers shapes how news is collected, understood and transmitted. Readers seeking to enhance their understanding of modern Chinese history and the current trends in media will find this text incredibly helpful. It is highly recommended for China watchers who would like an intimate look at how the biggest Chinese news stories were brought to international attention.
This book was provided by Columbia University Press for review.
September 2, 2022
Assignment China ; An Oral History of American Journalists in the People’s Republic by Mike Chenoy. This book was different than I expected. Perhaps I should have read the complete title. I knew of Mike Chenoy from his days covering inaccessible locations in Asia for CNN. I thought this would be a book of his experiences. It is not but it is still an excellent read. Mr. Chinoy who is now a Senior Fellow of the US-China Institute at the University of Southern California has done extensive oral research into journalists who have covered China from 1940’s up through the Trump era. The book moves along at a wonderful pace weaving in the comments of all the print and television journalist who cover not only the significant moments in a China’s rise and emergence into the global world but also in many cases the life of people in China. So, there are reports about the students involved with Tiananmen Square, Uighur encampments and the beginnings of the Covid crisis. We sometimes forget the risks and sacrifices made by journalists especially overseas in difficult and sometimes hostile locations. I have been going to China multiple times a year since 1984. This book brought back memories of those “early” days as well as filled in gaps in my understanding. This is certainly not a current history book of China but for anyone interested in China, I believe this is an excellent book to read.
December 15, 2022
It was an amazing experience. The evolution of journalistic access within the once impenetrable walls of China, the trials and tribulations faced by those tasked with covering this mysterious land, and how over the years- the job and its challenges, moved with the time Right up until the time we are living through. Indeed fascinating. To me, it also gave interesting insight on how the profession has evolved. `A truly enjoyable read for anyone who's interested in world affairs and history. Strongly recommended.
February 8, 2023
It was an amazing experience. The evolution of journalistic access within the once impenetrable walls of China, the trials and tribulations faced by those tasked with covering this mysterious land, and how over the years- the job and its challenges, moved with the time Right up until the time we are living through. Indeed fascinating. To me, it also gave interesting insight on how the profession has evolved. `A truly enjoyable read for anyone who's interested in world affairs and history. Strongly recommended.
Gratitude for the ARC
Gratitude for the ARC
September 12, 2024
This review originally appeared in the Cipher Brief https://www.thecipherbrief.com/book-r...
Assignment China is the outgrowth of a twelve-part documentary film series produced by the US-China Institute at the University of Southern California starting in 2008. The book includes the material in the series, which I have not seen, plus “comments and stories…left on the cutting room floor” and excerpts from an additional two dozen interviews. The observations of 135 journalists and American diplomats make up the book. Chinoy says his goal is to show “the challenges of finding truth in a vast, complicated country with a long history of distrust of outsiders.” In that he succeeds.
It is a long book, over 450 pages, and Chinoy has broken it into eras starting with the Chinese Civil War that brought Mao to power, through the turmoil of the late 1950s and 1960s, the Nixon visit, the reforms of Deng Xiaoping, the growth of China as an economic giant, to the chill of today under Xi Jinping. But it is snippets—a string of observations—with little continuity other than a short paragraph between them to try to create a story line. It’s like a buffet on a cruise ship—lots of interesting items, but you don’t know where to start or what to make of it all.
And the book is about the journalists more than it is about China. Chinoy states that one aim of the book is to help the reader understand “the people who have reported on China and how they have done so…. a crucial step in understanding the news people watch and read.” And he is successful here, too. The mood swings of the press come through clearly, from the awe after the Nixon visit, to the optimism of Deng’s reforms up to Tienanmen, followed by a darker view of China. I worked China issues from 1972 to the late 1990s, and the CIA's analysis was more sober throughout that period than the press’s.
Which is not to say the journalists on the China were not doing valuable work. They were. They were an important source of Agency analysis. Of particular interest to the China focused reader are the snippets that touch on the visit of then-President Richard Nixon, the Fang Lizhi episode, Beijing Spring, and Tiananmen Square. The famous photo of the Chinese man in front of tank was taken by Jeff Widener of the Associated Press, and the story of how he took the picture and got it out of China is in the book.
There are two potential audiences for this book: those interested in journalism and those whose focus is China itself. A better subtitle would have been Observations of American Journalists in the People’s Republic rather than an oral history. There is no final summing up chapter to bring the pieces into focus or address the ten questions Chinoy poses on page 5 of his introduction. This is a missed opportunity. The reader is left to draw his own conclusions. In my previous life as a manager of analysts, I would call this a data dump. There are nuggets, but the reader has to do the mining and processing.
Assignment China is the outgrowth of a twelve-part documentary film series produced by the US-China Institute at the University of Southern California starting in 2008. The book includes the material in the series, which I have not seen, plus “comments and stories…left on the cutting room floor” and excerpts from an additional two dozen interviews. The observations of 135 journalists and American diplomats make up the book. Chinoy says his goal is to show “the challenges of finding truth in a vast, complicated country with a long history of distrust of outsiders.” In that he succeeds.
It is a long book, over 450 pages, and Chinoy has broken it into eras starting with the Chinese Civil War that brought Mao to power, through the turmoil of the late 1950s and 1960s, the Nixon visit, the reforms of Deng Xiaoping, the growth of China as an economic giant, to the chill of today under Xi Jinping. But it is snippets—a string of observations—with little continuity other than a short paragraph between them to try to create a story line. It’s like a buffet on a cruise ship—lots of interesting items, but you don’t know where to start or what to make of it all.
And the book is about the journalists more than it is about China. Chinoy states that one aim of the book is to help the reader understand “the people who have reported on China and how they have done so…. a crucial step in understanding the news people watch and read.” And he is successful here, too. The mood swings of the press come through clearly, from the awe after the Nixon visit, to the optimism of Deng’s reforms up to Tienanmen, followed by a darker view of China. I worked China issues from 1972 to the late 1990s, and the CIA's analysis was more sober throughout that period than the press’s.
Which is not to say the journalists on the China were not doing valuable work. They were. They were an important source of Agency analysis. Of particular interest to the China focused reader are the snippets that touch on the visit of then-President Richard Nixon, the Fang Lizhi episode, Beijing Spring, and Tiananmen Square. The famous photo of the Chinese man in front of tank was taken by Jeff Widener of the Associated Press, and the story of how he took the picture and got it out of China is in the book.
There are two potential audiences for this book: those interested in journalism and those whose focus is China itself. A better subtitle would have been Observations of American Journalists in the People’s Republic rather than an oral history. There is no final summing up chapter to bring the pieces into focus or address the ten questions Chinoy poses on page 5 of his introduction. This is a missed opportunity. The reader is left to draw his own conclusions. In my previous life as a manager of analysts, I would call this a data dump. There are nuggets, but the reader has to do the mining and processing.
March 27, 2024
この本は、過去百年にわたり中国で活動してきた百人以上の記者たちの貴重な証言を集めたものです。共産党がどのように権力を掌握したのか、どのような手段で人々に圧力をかけてきたのか、特に外国の記者がどのように専制的な体制の下で報道活動を行ってきたのかが、詳細に描かれています。
記者たちの視点を通して見える中国は、多様です。中国は今だけでなく、歴史を通じて常に一貫しています。すべての指導者は皇帝のように振る舞いたがっています。権力を握り、人民を抑圧し、真実を隠蔽することが頻繁にあります。しかし、商業的利益のために、外国はしばしばこの状況を黙認しています。この本を読むことで、未来に対する不安が高まるように感じます。
記者たちの視点を通して見える中国は、多様です。中国は今だけでなく、歴史を通じて常に一貫しています。すべての指導者は皇帝のように振る舞いたがっています。権力を握り、人民を抑圧し、真実を隠蔽することが頻繁にあります。しかし、商業的利益のために、外国はしばしばこの状況を黙認しています。この本を読むことで、未来に対する不安が高まるように感じます。
May 29, 2023
I love oral histories, and I'm also a China junkie and a journalist. So for me, this book really nails it. As a secondary feature, you can also easily extract a masterclass on the ethics of journalism.
July 3, 2023
Great idea, but format was too truncated for it to be digestible.
March 15, 2025
A lot of details from nearly 8 decades of western journalism in China. Love all the humor.
May 11, 2023
Covering China by those who did it makes for a ridiculously compelling read. This oral history, compiled by veteran reporter Mike Chinoy, is a veritable tour de force of reporting insight from journalists who want the world to understand China. This is a nation, people, and system that cannot be underestimated. This book is a primer on why.
December 2, 2023
One of the best books I’ve read all year. The way it plays with the relationship with the governments in both sides in addition to the real key moments we all remember about China made this book stand out
Displaying 1 - 11 of 11 reviews