In 2020 I read Clifford D. Simak's 1970 Out of their Minds in its Heyne Verlag German 1971 edition (translated by Birgit Ress-Bohusch). A very trashy sleave with pulpy art by C. A. M Thole where a small red convertible (a Matchbox-sized vehicle in proportion) is being threatened or attacked by huge looking winged dragons and a ludicrous huge demonic creature with a red fluttering cape. Even the German title "Verteufelte Welt" (more like Bedeviled World or Infernal, Devilish World) was probably aimed to attract more attention to its readers by appealing to Christian demonology or Satanist plots, sects etc I am going to detach it from its 1970 context might, so as to attempt to see how and why Out of Their Minds resonates with recent discussions about tulpomancy, meme magic, 'thought-forms', egregores etc ie various intrusions form the imaginary realm. Not limited to our species (even if mindfulness apps still locate minds into overworked westerner skulls), we live in an exciting time where minds (embodied imaginations) cease to be exclusively nested inside cranial space (especially regarding Metazoan evolution - and multicellular minds vertebrate/non-vertebrate in P.-G. Smith recent book).
Clifford D Simak's book has a much wider scope imho beside the most obvious one: the dangers of wishing or calling imaginary things (not excluding various very helpful abstractions) into reality and how the ill-effects of such releases into the world might actually affect the most vulnerable and the least protected. Although it is always important to emphasize this aspect, nowadays there are almost too many examples of it. There are many good takes on why so many of these self-fulfilling hypermediated prophecies are at work all around us. At the same time the most interesting point to take away is maybe that such intrusions have stopped being the obscure realm of specialists (philosophers, cognitivists, media gurus, technoshamans etc), with almost everyone being affected by fictions and other people's imagineering - so it becomes a common task to see why and how this ontological oscillation plays out and how normalized this has become.
Well, why is this book on top on my obligatory 'troubling imaginary ecosystems' reading list?
I will not do a regular review of the book or try to bring it into the orbit of Simak's larger oeuvre. The one other book I explored here on Goodreads is Way Station. Out of their Minds - his 1970 book maps out impossible border-crossings, btw the imaginary and the real, btw fictional and the hard facts, a border crossing that has become very casual, increasingly acquiring agential character, operativity and effectivity.
What is most endearing about it - is that this book does not make any grandiose theoretical claims. Also, it is not the first piece of fiction to incorporates a theory about fiction in its fictional mesh and intimate witnessing weave. Above all, such alarmist blurring of real/weird/strange is incredibly exciting and disturbing. Today we might have an instinctive urgh - when 'meme magic' is mentioned, with almost immediate trauma linked to toxic leadership or the rise of the most unsavory neoreactionary doctrines.
From troll factories on the payroll to 4chan dunk memes, everybody is thrilled to be playing a sorcerer's apprentice - while reality keeps unwinding, with banned and orphaned creations taking over their creators (with the caveat - almost all pop imaginary characters are now owned by a few humongous franchises).
For Simak's heroes, it is a dangerous and mortal time. Life in Lovecraft's or Simak's view keeps endangering non-fictional creatures. While clearly being a non-believer is not an option, then not being one of those creatives of franchised worlds, or crackpot speculators or a purveyors of insensed theories about the world becomes life-threatening. Trying to keep grounded, mechanistic-materialistic is risky as hell. To strive for a poor imagination might mean the difference btw getting burned by dragon fire or squashed by Godzilla let loose around the planet. Not being a superheroine, a Pokemon monster and/or a supervillain demotes one to inexistence. Being mere mortals means being killed all the time by impossible and obnoxious threats that do not figure on any insurance policy. Outside the tightly patrolled bubble of Norman Rockwell's 1950s whitewashed suburbia and (an increasingly less and less idealized) Western contemporary reality, impeding truths abound, very real 'imaginary'(imaginary just for the privileged few) lives and dystopian neverlands abound. Mind you - 'outer' for the minds of Western Euro-American gated mental worlds might mean that such scifi Nigeria reality as the one aptly described by Tade Thompson in Rosewater (Wormwood Trilogy) stay as unreal, safely tucked away ONLY if you can blindly patch up your cracking media bubble. Imaginary very real realities that one dares not think of, not only of fabulous beasts, insist on us with a life of their own and even with a politics of their own.
While action-packed - Out of Their Minds speaks powerfully and cogently about how all existing mind creations past, present or future are not our own any longer. The lack of control over our lives is mirrored by such releases into an unstable larger world. It is as if this ability to exchange or get immunity has been at the expense of living beings. Sima also opens up the question of how we might bear responsibility for animating such imaginary creations. Out of Their Minds - makes clear that there is no brain-barrier to keep things out or permanently in. Yes, minds are porous and might be just replicators of memes, and they do physically suffer the effects of these imaginary fevers good or bad. One should not just box it as mere 'ideology', superstition or for that matter artistic or poetic creation. What Out of Their Minds offers us is a universality of such imaginary proclivity, a tropism of what refuses to be confined to the mind or that never behaves as if minds=self-contained/impermeable.
This extends to various historical constructions, the invention of tradition, official accounts of the way IT played out in various periods of human history. Realities escape history book, take a life of their own - become extremist revival paradises (or hells depending). The abuse of historical middle ages is such a case in study. A reality stocked up by national feelings, money &grandious monuments of a fabulous past, ethno-fantasies enlivened by movies and historical novels - do burn and slash. Historical reenactments (what is normally not regarded as mere cosplay) recruit volunteers, search for extras and imagine various battles and people dressing up for various historical occasions playing their favored version, giving their own ethno-political spin to local medieval history. What was disregarded as poorly researched Christian Neo-Templar knighthood gameplay (as in Breivink's manifesto's) or puritanical Moslem Wahhabite return to Islam's origins has been feedbacking into thepresent. A new book (which i have no read) - "The Devil's Historians: How Modern Extremists Abuse the Medieval Past (2020) by Amy S. Kaufman and Paul B. Sturtevant practically takes the preferred versions of today's nationalistic Middle Ages at their face value.
Firstly Clifford D Simak does not separate older from newer imaginary (past and present fabulations) beings and this I find intensely attractive since, instead of disappearing one might say they have difficulty intermingling, coexisting. There is almost like a social life of imaginary beings (tulpas, egregore or thought-forms) busy vying for attention and energy input. Simak in fact takes good old Devils - in a sense key trickster players of Christian demonology (Satan, Baphomet) and searches for their feelings and thoughts about hegemonic positions, the take on the flux of new imaginary migrants/aliens.
Why does 'ancien regime' fabulation resent the new UFO or extraterrestrial beings, that steal the limelight? One has to speculate on that. If there are rules in the out-of-the-mind realms, and if somebody refuses to play along with the old rules then there is a revolution that keeps on spilling over.
In a sense the conspiracy out of the mind or mindful things that do not stay in the mind speaks about the all-out attack that feels partially motivated by the same politics of self-identity, of not changing in the face of the new. There is this desecrated imaginary realm that cannot keep up with itself. The artificial outrage of Devils that are fighting for order and respect holds such ironic justice. What cosmic joke!
The continuous production of new and more outlandish imaginary denizens has swamped the old. Clifford D Simak's has this imaginary ecosystemic hurricane and political struggle spill over from the 'outer' into our own. Instead of the Copyrighter's Inquisition, we have a place where Pluto, Disney or Ren and Stimpy might run amok and disturb the golden sleep of dragons.
We could also say that the worst of the current toxic imaginary stocked up by online hate, let's say the most horrific creations of racism and antisemitism can end up jumping minds (and epochs), possessing, literally taking over the most placid and seemingly naive Internet cartoon creatures such as Pepe, weaponizing the blandest and most dunk elements out there.
Low-brow vs elite culture wars are no more 'outer' than say the most ludicrous and sadistic Peppa the Pig entering your child's YT search, or the fixed theologically verified hierarchies of archangels, heruvims. That is why the gnostic proclivity of rearranging worlds rings true - since it is an early (almost since the beginning regarded as 'dangerous' by the proto-orthodoxy) expression of such knowhow reversals, unsettled counter-expertise that managed to temporarily unsettle hierarchies of the unreal. This is why in Simak's story, the Devil seeks some sort of truce, some sort of economical exchange of the imagination with their mindless humans as potential allies in damming and dampening the imaginary.
All the unruly material imaginary beings or events of the outer realm can and have been overflowing us, swamping and invading the waking world, shaping reality from the inside out.
'A crisis of imagination' in this restricted sense might mean exactly this - the fact that only certain visions and imaginative futures gain upper hand or have right of transit from one side to another. If reality became stranger than fiction, at least certain damaging fictions will find themselves pensioned or peacefully extinct. Clearly, since at least 1989, certain forms of utopian thinking have been slowly pettering out, while other forms of repressive imagineering have been gaining currency. Things are hopefully changing with a new generation of freshly unreal ideas, with a more sustainable and mutualistic world building.
Out of their Minds also makes clear that the rules of the imaginary world do not stick to just the flat-eartherish variants, or the anti-Newtonian or even anti-Einstein kinds. They mutate and release their consequences onto the creatures that inhabit such worlds. There is a chance for the endangered humans (and many other more-than humans) critters that enter in and out of the imaginary realm that they must obey its rules. Imaginary beings must make sure they survive their own aberrant creations. Always good to fill the G pulling even when leaving earthly gravitation. If in fairy tale world you can ONLY make three wishes, then 3 wishes it is. If Superman is vulnerable to Kryptonite, then so be it.
Fictionalization and hyperstition under capitalism (aren't financial abstractions a painful and very effective way to see terrible capitalist imagineering or meta-fictions at work?) have channeled libidinal forces, extracted value and secured an increasingly powerful role by actively devaluing all other value forms (call them virtualities, utopian flights of fancy, reveries etc as u want), basically pushing to extinction all other ways of imagining otherwise.
In a sense this is nothing new, one can say that in the past, imaginary beings, spirits, sprites, various entities have always had to play it out against newer or former brethren although some form of symbiosis was always present (sic how Buddhism integrated older Bon nature spirits or Christianity the pagan deities and calendrical annual celebrations). The history of religions calls it syncretism and it is none other than (also) a symbiosis of the imagination. At the same time there has been always a modern more monopolistic and insidious way to incorporate and centralize older more heterogenous local animisms. A pluralism of spirits and demons gives way to prefab imperial personality cults. One such XX c transformation is the ominous Emperor cult of Japan - its construction specifically linked with the destruction of local shrines and their efficiency-trimmed reformatting, remolding the old chaosmos into a nationalistic weaponized matrix able to accomplish inhuman feats of violence and suffering.
Well, in the view of Simak and his fictional theory of an animated imaginary world - weird realism is here to stay. Even being exposed to such theories accomplishes the unspeakable (here he joins Lovecraft and the Yellow King). Once thinking and playing with the idea that there might be intrusions and that imaginary friends (Slender men creepypasta) you're done. The imaginal theories empower imaginary intrusions.
Far from the Stanford - Rand Corporation - Arpanet early stirrings of Internet and networking, this book does not make an appeal to any notion of virtual reality or a simulated universe. In fact, Simak's version of the imaginary - follows a sort of ruthless evolution, a sort of stripped Darwinism of the unreal. Imaginary creatures do cooperate and change genes at the moment but mostly in our disadvantage, making themselves memetically irreplaceable.
As an addition to "OUt of THeir Minds" I find excellent a recent book by Jimena Canales. Enlarging the scope of imaginary beings to including the scientific imaginary - she includes daimons that have been plaguing thought experiments since the Greeks, and that enliven the works of Descartes and Maxwell. Here we have something else indeed, demonic creatures that can teach us something about physics and cosmology. Beguiling guiding spirits that can even fool our sense of consensual reality, reshape philosophical questions and change statistical odds in ways unthought of before. They threaten the energetic and informational conservation laws of the universe and by so doing teach us something of great survival value. I have not read Bedeviled: A Shadow History of Demons in Science (2020) but it seems such an important addition to this ongoing discussion. Let us take a cue from such imaginary - but thoroughly- scientific beings, ready to retire their devilish predecessors.