Henri Troyat, born Lev Aslanovich Tarasov, was a famous French historian. He wrote a number of top notch biographies of famous Russians. I found this excellent volume in my used bookstore and seeing the subject snatched it up.
Ivan, the Fourth of His Name, Vasilyevich commonly known as Ivan the Terrible (1530-1580) was the first Czar of Russia. Though, to be fair, his nickname (Ioannes Severus, in Latin, Ivan Grozny,in Russian) was more accurately translated as "Ivan the Formidable" or "Ivan the Fearsome". But, let's be honest, this many-times great descendant of the Norse Varangian House of Rurik, was terrible in every sense of the word.
Ivan, for fantasy fans reminds us of Aerys the Mad King. While Ivan did have a troubled childhood, others from William the Bastard, to Richard the Lion-Heart, and many others who had very difficult childhoods due to familial or dynastic conflicts- all ended as hard men and killers, but never would have descended to this level of mindless cruelty.
Ivan, the son of Vasili III, the Rurikid ruler of the Grand Duchy of Moscow and was appointed Grand Prince when he was three years old after his father's death. But this nest of viperous boyars squabbling over power and endless feuding with each other would deeply trouble the boy Ivan. As an young lad he enjoyed the pleasant past time of swinging puppies by their tails and throwing them off castle walls. As you can already tell, he's a charmer. A charmer with a huge, hidden hatred of his boyars.
At 17, Ivan pulls a trick. He decides he's going to marry, but instead of an outsider he will choose a Russian bride. The estatic boyars prepare to offer their daughters. But, Ivan has one request.. as stated:
"The boyars, "moved to tears," according to the chronicler, cheered their sovereign and embraced each other. They were delighted that Ivan had decided to marry a Russian. Their national pride was flattered; besides, most of them had a daughter, a cousin, or a niece, who with a little luck, they said to themselves, might capture the Prince's attention. If so the whole family would profit from it. Already each in his own heads was spinning the golden threads of his particular dream of matrimony. The nobles were preparing to disperse, to run home and announce the great news, when Ivan stopped them with a gesture. He wasn't finished. There was something else he had his heart set on: Before marrying, he wanted to be crowned Czar. He proclaimed in a loud, clear voice. The boyars exchanged glances of surprise: "Grand Duke" or "Czar", what was the difference?"
For Ivan, there was a difference, and he had been thinking about it for a very long time. This title "czar" was one of the holy books in the Slavonic language gave to the kinds of Judea, Babylon, and Assyria, and even to Roman Emperors. They spoke of "Czar David", "Czar Ahasuerus," "Czar Julius Caesar," "Czar Augustus." Thus, for Ivan, the word "Czar" carried all the prestige of the Bible, The Roman Empire, and Byzantium...."
The foolish boyars agree. Ivan turns out to be a tyrant. Deeply paranoid and displaying a penchant for cruelty and violence that seems to hearken back to his centuries-old Viking reaver blood. From rape to torture, all of which he enjoyed watching personally or engaging in- Ivan acts in ways that even the old Viking's would have found a bit much.
Ivan also has a great deal of megalomania mixed with fervent religious beliefs. Though, in his mad mind, he is co-equal, or at least on a personal level of friendship, with God. Thus, his actions are much like God's- above understanding and reproach. All his cruelties and his sins are completely acceptable since he is the Czar.
The truly interesting thing is how much the Russian peoples seem to agree with him. Almost as a mark of their suffering, they loved their Czar and ascribed no wrongs to him personally. In fact, the harsher he was the more they admired and respected him.
Ivan did some long term things for Russia- from establishing the Czar title, to expanding its borders into Siberia and making the Western countries areas to be coveted by future Czars. He also did capture some Tartar cities and that was a good thing for the Russian nation as it sought to overturn the Mongol domination of centuries. Also, that beautiful St Basil's Cathedral in Red Square was made under his auspices.
Ivan was a powerful ruler of Russia, but mad as a hatter near the end. He was always cruel and unjust, but the full-on paranoia, megalomania, abject destruction and torture, the excesses of food and drink and sex all led to not only filicide, Ivan killed the Czarevich with his own hands in a fit of rage, but his eventual terrible health and death.
A wonderful biography of a dark and cruel Czar. Easy to read, but very informative, I will enjoy adding this gem to my history collection. If you are interested in Russian history and the start of the Czardom, or like reading about truly violent and crazy people-Ivan's your guy. He's a charmer.