Heeding the Ancient Call to Pilgrimage
Review of Gail Simmons, Between the Chalk and the Sea, Headline Publishing, 2022.
Giles Watson
At the beginning of Between the Chalk and the Sea, Gail Simmons is at home in Yorkshire, poring over a poster of the Gough Map, one of Britain’s most accomplished works of medieval cartography. There is a red line on the map, wending its way from Southampton to Canterbury, via Chichester, Battle and Winchelsea – a line to which historians have paid scant attention, but which has sown in Simmons the seeds of a beautiful idea: she will walk this ancient pilgrim’s route in stages, reconnecting with the chalk landscapes of her own past, following in the footsteps of other women who have walked great distances alone, squeezing her journey in between Covid lockdowns and modern responsibilities. She rolls up the map and opens her laptop - the first of many telling juxtapositions of medieval and modern – and sets about preparing to “put [her] everyday life into aeroplane mode”.
Her journey is not without risk, but it is also a way of liberation. “Nature is not constrained by human timetables,” she observes, “and when you move unhurriedly through, and deeply into, the landscape, you are released from timetables. You are autonomous, unfettered. You are free. And freedom, especially for a woman, is a threat.” There have always been those who frown on women walking freely, or who victim-blame them when their exercise of the fundamental freedom to walk is met with violence. Some cultures have forbidden women to walk alone, but “Is it for their own protection, as is claimed, or because it demonstrates that women do not need men as much as they’d like to think?” Simmons reminds us how the medieval Norfolk mystic, Margery Kempe, alone on a pilgrimage, was abused by men on the way to Aachen, who “spoke many lewd words to her, giving her indecent looks… she had great fear for her chastity and was very anxious”. “Just you? Are you staying here alone? Oh, that’s sad,” says a well-meaning waitress to Simmons at a hotel where she spends the night. It’s a passage which resonates all too well in a world where violence against women is still an epidemic, and where that violence curtails freedom, even if it is just the freedom to enjoy a walk without thinking of the dangers.
And there are very real dangers. Simmons walks at a time of national trauma, against the background of the Sarah Everard killing in the spring of 2021. “I was vulnerable, and nervous,” she admits, but “Even more than this, I was angry. Angry that a woman could not go out alone without her life being violently cut short.” There is anger, too, that these dangers are always at the back of her mind, even as she visits churches, abbeys, medieval battlegrounds, and ought to feel free to surrender totally to appreciating the beauty and ancientness of her surroundings.
Yet the landscape through which she walks has always borne the burden of violence. Under Henry VIII, the monasteries, which “were the lifeblood of the towns that grew around them”, were ripped out of the fabric of society in a paroxysm of greed, brutality and cultural vandalism. Lead was ripped from the roofs, leaving ruins yawning at the sky, gradually eroding into the picturesque. Before that, Thomas Becket’s head was cleaved for standing up to a king, and before that, the Battle of Hastings stained the soil - on which Simmons walks - with Saxon and with Norman blood. And now, “Nearly 1,000 years on from the battle, after a millennium of uneasy peace punctuated by periods of intense hostility, we were again separating from our continental neighbours.” Borders grow harder. New walls are erected. Fresh forms of tribalism split communities apart.
In such a context, nothing could be more needed than a pilgrim’s route: a far-from-straight line through the landscape which connects rather than dividing, which slows us down rather than goading us to ever faster velocities, which wends its way from fork to fork rather than dictating the one and only route, which embeds us in the particularity of place and puts us in touch with our universal humanity, and which encourages us to look sideways and down as well as across vast vistas. Again and again, Simmons reminds us of the hidden serendipities which come with long-distance walking: wayside chapels, wart-biter bush crickets, the glorious, sun-spilled wartime Bloomsbury Group wall-paintings inside the church at Berwick, the holiness of the spaces inside both cathedrals and woodlands. Earlier pilgrims walked the trail inspired by a faith rooted in religious dogma; Simmons’s faith is “in the act of walking itself… an affirmation of my love for the landscape, and my rootedness within it”. The act of committing oneself to a pilgrimage unites us with a route hallowed by multitudes of feet, and connects us both to a hallowed landscape and to the common humanity which has always held it sacred. Triumphantly, Simmons reminds us that for all the politics of fear, hatred and division, “Henry [VIII] could not extinguish pilgrimage from our collective memory.” Reading Simmons’s book is a timely reminder that a return to collective memory is precisely what we need.
Pilgrimage has always been a unifying and healing activity in time of conflict and adversity. At the climax of Powell and Pressburger’s wartime film, A Canterbury Tale, three accidental pilgrims to the cathedral city receive blessings without asking for them. Bob, a U.S. Army Sergeant, still suffering culture-shock as he adapts to the bizarre ways of the English in the countryside, receives a bundle of delayed letters from his sweetheart, who has not abandoned him after all. Peter, a cinema organist by profession, now uniformed personnel, finds himself in the organ loft, playing J.S. Bach’s Toccata and Fugue. Alison, a member of the Women’s Land Army who believes her fiancée has been killed in the war, is inside a dilapidated caravan surrounded by the bombed-out town, when she discovers that he is alive after all. This combination of circumstances never fails to make me suddenly emotional, no matter how many times I watch it.
There is a parallel moment in Gail Simmons’s book, also at the end of her pilgrimage to Canterbury, which leaves me similarly moved. Arriving in Canterbury at last, she is carrying a staff, made and given to her by a friend. It has accompanied her on her pilgrimage, and at its end, now that she is “emotionally attached” to it, she dips it in holy water. Former pilgrims used to throw their staffs into water in order to give them back to the land; Simmons must find her own way to make a similar gesture of gratefulness for the thing that held her upright on the way. Like Alison’s experience, it is a moment of sudden, unbidden illumination, cast against the darker context of Brexit, the pandemic, and the long history of violence and division which has left behind beautiful ruins like Roche Abbey, a glorious cathedral housing a shrine to a viciously martyred saint, and our modern manifestations of iconoclasm: violence against women, the wanton destruction of the natural world, polarisation, fragmentation of attention, threats to democracy. Against this background, Simmons has walked a path which connects not only a string of places, but more than a millennium of footfalls, and no matter how secular our mindset, the blessing bestowed by the journey will be palpable for every reader. Thanks to her writerly craft, the threads which Simmons has woven together along the way create a rich and delightful tapestry, as complex, textured, weathered and beautiful as the landscape itself. Wherever we may live, and whatever paths may beckon us, this is a book which will encourage many to heal themselves by switching everyday life to “aeroplane mode” for just a while.