As a resident of the Old City of Jerusalem, I know a lot of these characters, places, and stories. My first instinct was to *not* give this a five-stars on the premise that it's a "foreigner" collecting all this data, getting the interviews from the locals, and writing about our beloved authentic city in his own fluent language, but what can I say... Matthew Teller wins. Once I turned the last page, this ode, I admitted - even out loud - is "gooooood."
There's a lot I jotted down, because I want to remember. Wow, this took forever to type out. Come to think of it, this could be like study-material.
DESCRIPTIONS:
- It's true what he says about this intense city: "... this push and pull, hot and cold. It's prerogative of ownership, of belonging - to criticise, disparage, even to hate, but at the same time to love. I've had a friend tell me he knows the Jerusalem stories he grew up with are fiction, but still he would die to defend the stones that bred them." (Page 1).
Why, I wonder on my more collected days, do we permit this rather than see it as mere lunacy that had gained some erroneous collective approval?
- John Tleel, who died in 1918: "The great are small inside the Old City . . . It is not a city . . . Jerusalem is a living person." (Page 2).
- Yuval Ben-Ami called Jerusalem "the city of the frozen moment." (Page 2).
- For Matthew Teller, it is the smell of cumin. (Page 3).
- "This city wears its history like a teenager wears school uniform, joylessly." (P. 87).
HISTORY
- "When the pharaohs cursed 'Rusalimum,' in texts written in the decades either side of 1900 BCE, maybe they were cursing Jerusalem. We don't know. But Jerusalem - perhaps named for Shalim, the god of the setting sun - was certainly a place by [that] time." "Later, around 1000 BCE, in a foundational tradition of Judaism, something special about Jerusalem prompted David, perhaps a ruler of Judah, a region to the south, to seize it and its fortress of Zion, then controlled by the Jebusites." [David's son Solomon built the temple and incorporated the old Jebusite/Canaanite worship into it, as the Jebusites/Canaanites had looked at Jerusalem as the center of the world.] [The Foundation Stone is where God had collected the dust that formed Adam. It was where Abraham had bound his son, believed in Judaism to be Isaac, for sacrifice." (Pages 4, 5).
"The Temple was destroyed in 586 BCE, rebuilt, and destroyed again in 70 CE." ... "The Foundation Stone took on new significance [with the Night Journey of the Prophet Muhammad] and "it bore the footprint of Muhammad from his ascent to heaven, when he received God's instruction to pray five times a day." "Below it gaped the Abyss of Chaos, source of the Rivers of Paradise. In Islam the Rock stood as the focus of the Quranic site Al-Aqsa, a mosque that some believed had bee built by the first human, Adam, and renovated by Solomon...." The golden dome (the location of the Day of Judgment) "was where the souls of the dead would gather to heal the archangel Israfil blow the trumpet announcing the end of the world." "So it didn't matter that the city had no river, no strategic value and no natural sources of commercial wealth. It had God." (Pages 4, 5, 6).
- Herod rebuilt the Temple [this was around 35 BC. His Roman boss was Mark Anthony]...Then the Romans destroyed Jerusalem in 70 CE when the Temple was destroyed the second time. 65 years later Hadrian rebuilt Jerusalem after its destruction. Jupiter Temple. Venus Temple. Helena-> Tomb. Charles Gordon (Garden Tomb)
About the Temple that Herod built:
"the outermost was named the Court of the Gentiles, accessible to all. Next came the Court of the Women, restricted to Jews only. From there, only Jewish men could access the Court of the Israelites..." At the back of chamber was "Holy of Holies, a space holding the Ark of the Covenant, a chest out of which God spoke to Moses and which contained the stone tables of the Ten Commandments. Only one man, the High Priest, could enter the Holy of Holies, and then only on one day a year, Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. But the Ark had disappeared, perhaps during the destruction of Solomon's Temple in 586 BCE. By Herod's day, the Holy of Holies had been empty for more than five hundred years. There was nothing there." (P. 12). (Meanwhile the Tomb/Holy Spulchre is empty, and the cave beneath the Rock where the spirits of the dead await Judgment Day, is empty). "An encounter with the invisible and the intangible." (P. 13).
- Haret al-Sharaf (Sharaf al-Din Mussa) (The Ottomans referred to the Armenian and Jewish quarters under this name). P. 30.
- Islam: 7th Century.
- Pontos Pilates (ordered Jesus' killing Friday 3 April 33 CE].
- Constantine legalized Christianity in 313.
- The world's oldest map of Jerusalem: Greek Orthodox Church in Madaba. (P. 21).
- Holy Sepulchre Keys: Joudeh and Nuseibeh (Tradition that started with Salah al Din 1192).
- Ladder of the Holy Sepulchre (more than 265 years). At least 1757. (P. 107).
- Crusades: 1099 (al-Firanja) Cross over the Dome and Rock (removed Islam)
- Salah al-Din: 1187 (almost a century after) - Sacred rock over Dome of Rock
He transferred St. Anne to "Madraset el Salihiyyeh)
- Mamluks: 1250
- The walls of Jerusalem: Ottoman Sultan Suleiman [Suleiman al-Qanuni.] (He named himself Suleiman II after King Solomon the Temple Builder!] During his reign the Dome of the Rock was rebuilt, public fountains, and the Citadel was reinforced. In 1535, he ordered for the city walls to be built. It took hundreds of years. (44, 45, 46).
Suleiman al-Qanuni NEVER MADE IT TO JERUSALEM HIMSELF! The Prophet apparently appeared in his dream telling him to embellish Mecca and Medina and to fortify Jerusalem's Citadel. The work probably began in 1537 with manager Muhammad al-Naqash, Syrian sidekick Darwish el-Halabi, and Muslih al-din Bin Abdullah from Turkey (finances). In 1541 they were complete: 4 KM Length, 12 Meters High, more than 2 Meters thick, pierced by seven gates. Bab al-Rahma (Golden Gate) was immediately sealed shut. In the 19th century a new gate was introduced.
- Charles Ashbee, arrived in Jerusalem in 1918, found Jerusalem (filthy/pagan), but adored the walls. So he removed all cafes and shops - and sliced diced "old city." Ashbee's Ramparts Walk. Also this separation and romanticm idealized fetishized the creamy yellow limestones - as if holiness - "new must appear old." - "Without cars, a whole other kind of city becomes possible." (p. 77).
- "In 1492, Jerusalemite historian Mujir al-Din identified eighteen harat in the city." (p. 29). (Including harat Bab Hutta).
- Sharon Building: Wittenberg House that Sharon bought in 1987. He died in 2014 having sold it to extremist Jewish settler organization. But before Wittenberg and before the Latins, it was the Mediterranean Hotel in the 1860s. Mark Twain slept there.
Pages: Spafford (67), Tarek Taha-Abu Shukri (89), al-Amad Halawa (93), Zalatimo (100), Muntaser Edkaidek (115), Sufism (125), Mahmoud Jaddeh (178), Moroccan Quarter takeover (218,219,221), Qahwet al-Sa3alik (khalil Sakakini) pages 278 +279 by Gloria Hotel. Nice interviews with Apo and Jack (like page 319).
Sufism: Al-Ghazali (Ihya2 3ulum al din).
يلبسون الصوف ويمشون حافي الأرجل وينامون في الصحراء
- 1925: Turkey's Mustafa Kamal Ataturk was the one to close Sufi lodges, imprisoned dervishes.
Mustafa abu Sway (Al-Quds Uni) teaches about Ghazali
Antoine Galland (Ala al Din, alf leileh w leileh, ali baba) - originally Hanna Diab -Syrian (no credit).
So: Crusades: 1099, Ayyubids (Salah al Din): 1187 and then Mamluks: 1250.
Note: Ottomans: 1516 to 1917 (roughly 400 years).
- Mamluk times: Boys and young men TRAFFICKED (Got "human resources - Eastern Turkey, Caucus, central Asia... damascus, cairo, india) to convert to Islam, train in army, find new nationality, carried weapons and arches. Under the Mamluks, Christians and Jews lived freely. Business flourished. Governor Aladdin. Names: Al-Thaher Bebers - Mamluk who became Sultan.
- Two Mamluk places: Ribat al-Mansouri and Ribat al-Basiri.
- African Palestinians gained prominence because they were bodyguards of Haj Amin al-Husseini
Ottomans: In 1916, Jamal Pasha tried (and failed) to sell part of the wall to Palestinian Jews.
1908: Young Turk revolution (famine, disease, genocide...)
- Sultan Abdul Hamid loved clocks - but general allenby didnt like the jaffa gate one (built in 1907).
Among my favorite lines: "Whenever I pass Jaffa Gate I look up at the gap in the sky where the clocktower stood and give a nod to the age of possibility, and remember its destroyers." (P. 270).