In the nineteenth century, Russia participated in two "great games": one, pitted the tsar's empire against Britain in Central Asia. The other, saw Russia, China, and Japan vying for domination of the Korean Peninsula. In this eye-opening account, Sheila Miyoshi Jager argues that the contest over Korea, driven both by Korean domestic disputes and by great-power rivalry, set the course for the future of East Asia and the larger global order.
When Russia's eastward expansion brought it to the Korean border, an impoverished but strategically located nation was wrested from centuries of isolation. Korea became a prize of two major imperial the Sino-Japanese War at the close of the nineteenth century and the Russo-Japanese War at the beginning of the twentieth. Japan's victories in the battle for Korea not only earned the Meiji regime its yearned-for colony but also dislodged Imperial China from centuries of regional supremacy. And the fate of the declining tsarist empire was sealed by its surprising military defeat, even as the US and Britain sized up the new Japanese challenger.
A vivid story of two geopolitical earthquakes sharing Korea as their epicenter, The Other Great Game rewrites the script of twentieth-century rivalry in the Pacific and enriches our understanding of contemporary global affairs.
American historian and Professor of East Asian Studies.
She is the author of two books on Korea and the co-editor of a third book on Asian nations in the post-Cold War era. She is a well-known historian of Korea and East Asia.
In the 1980s, she lived with the later American president Barack Obama.
Sheila Miyoshi Jager's The Other Great Game focuses on the colonial rivalry over Korea at the turn of the 19th and 20th Century. Jager notes that traditional histories of this era treat the "Hermit Kingdom" of Korea as a hapless pawn of its ambitious neighbors, showing that while there's truth in that statement it also overlooks Korea's own agency, and efforts to drag itself into the modern era. From the 1870s onward King Gojong made efforts to open Korea to outside trade while modernizing its industry, also attempting to assert his country's independence from China. This led to resistance from conservative elements of Korean society, along with resentment from the Chinese who viewed Korea as its own fiefdom. As Korea became rent with political dissent and occasional violence, the three neighboring empires - China, Japan and Russia - came to view the Peninsula either as a useful tool or desirable territory for their own designs. Thus these powers intervened in Korea's internal politics, whether backing rebellions or engineering assassinations of recalcitrant leaders (notably, Queen Min's gruesome 1895 murder by Japanese agents). This put these countries on a collision course which resulted in a series of violent conflicts: the Sino-Japanese War, which established Japan's imperial bona fides; the Boxer Rebellion, which besides the dramatic events in Peking caused Russia to occupy much of Northern China; and the Russo-Japanese War, the largest conflict in history up to that point, which focused around control of Korea. Jager does a good job capturing the conflicting motives and machinations of the different imperial powers, showing how Korean political, military and ethnic leaders responded - sometimes shrewdly manipulating the Great Powers for their own ends, often victimized, coerced or slaughtered. This "Great Game" did not end happily for Korea; Japan's victory over Russia gave them paramount position in East Asia, which reduced Korea to a vassal state - eventually, becoming annexed to Japan's empire in 1910. A century later, after two world wars, a forced Cold War partition and a destructive conflict, modern Korea remains divided between a communist North and capitalist South, acting as a proxy state in rivalries between the United States and China. Jager finds but does not over-emphasize parallels between the period she covers and the modern day; ultimately, some states are cursed by geography and the rapaciousness of rivals to serve as the locus of conflict.
There is lots of good context for A) why Japan thought it could win a war against the USA in World War 2. It actually doesn’t seem that crazy considering that they were able to defeat the Qing dynasty, which keep in mind was the absolute main political & cultural power in Asia for 1000’s of years since the beginning of recorded history. Then able to defeat the Russian Empire, a “modernized” nation. Both of these wars were fought and won relatively quickly. The USA could be seen as just the next large empire to be brought down.
B) The origins of the North/South Korean split. The ports were in the south. The Japanese, along with American/Euro countries wanted those ports. Most Christian missionaries arrived in the South. In the North, the Qing and Russian empires were more or less contiguous with Korea, and anti-Japanese forces could easily slip in and out of Korea there.
The Other Great Game is a sweeping history of Korea’s place in the crush zone of Eastern empires. Sheila Miyoshi Jager, Professor of East Asian Studies at Oberlin College, likens this great power conflict to the Great Game, the rivalry between England and Russia in Central Asia during the nineteenth century. To Jager, Korea represented a fulcrum of jockeying powers, a crucible where clashing empires rubbed up against each other in often violent episodes. Jager covers the competing ambition of all the regional powers – Japan, mired in its own national insecurity, as an emergent regional power after the Meiji Restoration; China, a lumbering giant buffeted internally by political incoherence and externally by repeated invasion and exploitation; Russia, an aspiring imperial power shifting its might towards the Far East; and Korea, the once-secluded peninsula at the center. Jager admirably covers Korea’s emergence as the axis of Eastern politics, but also its influence in wider power struggles, including Russian occupation of Manchuria, Japanese military campaigns against China and Russia, and Western trading concessions on the Chinese mainland. Jager weaves all of these threads together to produce a masterful work on an often-overlooked regional rivalry.
While I've had a good bit of exposure to the issues that the author is dealing with, this is the best overall examination I've ever read of the whole process by which Meiji Japan became a continental empire, with the Kingdom of Korea ultimately losing its independence. Besides that, Jager considers the whole period of peak imperialism in East Asia, with special focus given to the Russo-Japanese competition, and bringing together as a system events and trends that are usually dealt with separately. Ultimately, Jager concludes that the struggle for empire has never ended, and ties the events of a century ago into current trends of rising hegemonic conflict.
About the only thing that I'm marking Jager down for a bit is that Jager writes much better about social and diplomatic conflict than she does about the military aspects of this era; though not badly.
Very detailed account of Korea and its role at the crossroads of imperial interests in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Jager wrote this I think as clearly as she could and it's incredibly researched, but by the nature of the subject it can only come across as confusing. Whereas Eri Hotta's Japan 1941 was able to capture all the nitty-gritty and personality of diplomacy and Japan's fateful cabinet decisions, Jager is essentially trying to capture that nuance on a scale of Korea, Japan, China, Russia, and the West over 50+ years.
Keeping track of each empire's interests and reasoning for their actions was pretty brutal. The array of personalities got reduced in my mind for convenience sake (every imperial Russian official was batshit delusional), which is a shame but was still worth it as a primer to Korean history in this age.
Random points that will stick with me
-the Sino-Japanese War and Russo-Japanese war are in some ways carbon copies of each other, and fought primarily in, around, because of and over Korean sovereignty. -The whole experience is extremely traumatic for Korea, who is inevitably going to end up being a colony or protectorate of one of the empires surrounding it -the Gojong Emperor is so bad at his job. Every time there's an opening for Korea to carve out some extra space for itself he bets on the wrong empire and pays the price. For like 60 years. and given his dad is fucking around behind the scenes as a chameleon reformer or Japanese advisor or backing whoever gets him a ticket into the royal court, I see why Gojong played a poor hand poorly
Excellent History, Superbly Read I am only on Chapter Six of Jager's history, listening at 1.7 as I take long walks in lovely cold Montreal, but I have already been whipped around China, Korea, Japan, Russia, and met incredible characters from those nations, as well as Germany, France, Britain and the USA. The dates and events are described at molecular level, which I love as I know almost nothing of Korean history. The descriptions of people, from feuding royalty, graceful diplomats, to bungling commanders, give each person a reality and clearly defined role. The incredibly complex politics of the region are explained well, where China, Russia, Japan, in particular as they share a border with Korea, all get involved in trying to dominate it, and one another. As well, China and Korea must act to protect themselves from the rapacious colonizers, Britain, Germany, and Russia. In the middle of all this is a bone-headed Royalty in Korea, in the 1880s, who fight amongst themselves, and can't get Confucian morons to back industrialization, so face better armed, more determined, and certainly more intelligent adversaries, and thereby are set to lose their country to the biggest thug of the nations around them.
I want to praise to high heavens the writing of Sheila Miyoshi Jager. Her erudition is great, and molecular well describes how deeply she uses this knowledge to make history so clear. I particularly like how she gives the issues, while describing the men and, one queen, who implement those decisions. There is NOTHING dry in this detailed history. It is rich, without being confusing, and colourful enough to allow understanding of the swirl of motivations of each participant.
I am listening to this history, but I alerted a Korean friend about this history and she was eager to read the book. I sent her the book yesterday and I am so happy to share this knowledge with someone from Korea! I can't wait to discuss various issues with her!
I am listening to this book at 1.7 and it is a tribute to the narrator, Kathleen Li, who reads so clearly. I am an English tutor of Chinese kids and I pride myself on knowing when someone is speaking North American English well. Li is simply excellent. Her diction, her pronunciation of names of all the nations involved, and her tone, are MAGISTERIAL!
This history of Korea is a gift to anyone who seeks to know exactly what went on there from the late 19th century.
Thank you Sheila Miyoshi Jager for such a well written, researched, and HUMAN history of a region most of us know little about. WE SURE WILL NOW. Wow... I am in awe....
*4.44 Stars Notes: I had previously read a few historical fiction novels and some nonfiction books about history, before finding a hardcover copy of this book. It was indeed worth it for me to own a copy, since I eventually reread a few chapters in it, so I could understand them more.
While I had found enjoyment from this book, please understand that a lengthy attention span is required to entirely complete it. It is entirely possible to read through it in its entirety without too much past research, since the historical content gets explained extraordinarily well. Don’t miss out on this novel if someone is looking for historical content related to earlier historical topics on Asia especially.
I had been researching Korea’s history sometimes earlier in the year in-depth. I was glad to get to know much more about Korea, as well as Japan, and other countries that had been included that weren’t related to the US. I honestly read through as many sentences as there were probably in existence in the main portion of nonfiction historical content, that had been typed up and edited extremely to no end.
This book had been recommended to me by someone I knew and had communicated with (thank you), since it was known I had major interests in longer historical content related to Japan and Korea. The reading experience was quite worth it and I honestly would have read through this in its entirety, no matter what I had read for other historical nonfiction in 2024. I had previously read some of this book earlier than July 10th, however I had marked it as read beginning specifically on July 10th, since that was when I began reading it for multiple chapters. If my schedule had gone as planned, this book 100% would have been marked as read in sometime later in 2025 (as it was supposed to be). Unexpectedly, there was a change in plans, so I read it all the way through this year, from more of an interest in historical nonfiction that I have had - especially recently. It was my own decision to read through the entirety of this book closer to the end of the year. I was unable to stop reading sections of this novel for a while, since I was glad that it had longer, well-edited paragraphs.
Japan and Korea are frequently mentioned for detailed explanations of their histories, which go back centuries. I wouldn’t want to mention too many spoilers, other than that if someone already has an interest in past Asian history, this book is going to seem totally distracting. Everything was formatted to where I could easily read several chapters in less than an hour. I never really couldn’t concentrate on a chapter, since there were in-depth explanations that were found quite frequently. Black and white smaller photograph images also were included in several chapters, so I also (Really) liked getting to see additional related content that was about the subject of what the current historical topics were in a chapter.
For the first few chapters of the book, I would recommend to have a slight attention span to begin reading it. When events start to get described, things just keep getting explained. Events that really happened are continuously explained. This isn’t difficult reading if someone can pay attention for half an hour in the first few chapters. I could read several paragraphs under stress with minimal concentration due to very good editing, that was in the novel.
I had been reading enough in June that I knew to have marked this as originally mostly read through in July. My reading progress in some other books had declined slightly, so I was glad that this novel had interested me more than enough, as well as captivated me into learning more. It was because of this book that I could also understand other books more - since it really helped me that much, from how well everything was simply given longer descriptions.
I would recommend this to those interested in the novel from the description. Even though this book may contain longer paragraphs, the reading experience is worth it, should someone be interested in the detailed historical topics it includes.
I quite enjoyed this book! I think it was really interesting and provides a lot of good context both about the specific countries involved and about a cohesive theory about geopolitics and the imperial era more broadly. That being said, I think this book could have used more focus on the naval development of Japan, especially during the Russo-Japanese war. That all being said, I feel like this is a 3 star book because it requires a bit too much pre-knowledge and expects the reader to fill in gaps that I feel like are not as easy to fill purely via inference or critical engagement with the text. This, I feel, is especially prominent when it comes to how certain developments are still centered on Korea, the Korean perspective seems absent for many of the sections focusing on China even if it makes sense with a broader context or preexisting knowledge of certain timelines. The conclusion also felt rushed, I feel like a whole section could have been devoted to what I feel are genuinely interesting conclusions. Still, despite the fact that I think it was only baseline successful I enjoyed this book quite a bit and would recommend it with the caveat that you may need to engage more with external reference material than you would with some peer works.
A book that helps us understand the evolution of politics in East Asia. The period from the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century is marked by Russian expansion into the Pacific, the Sino-Japanese War, which led to China's loss of the island of Taiwan, international interventions in China following the Boxer revolt , the Russo-Chinese war and finally the Russo-Japanese war. The nation that is always at the epicenter is Korea, a tributary country of Imperial China, which in 1905 became a Japanese protectorate, only to be annexed in 1910. The book shows that although Japan and the United States of America are followers of Alfred Mahan's theories, Japan ends up following the path of a continental power, with the conquest of territories, which will end with its defeat in the Second World War. . Interestingly, in 1896, the Japanese and Russians spoke of two zones of influence in Korea divided by the 38th parallel.
I had to skip many pages in order to finish this book .. Too many detailed conversations and negotiations were included in this book and I found them really dry. I was expecting more mentions of Korean people's lives and cultures, apparently the author has decided to spend more chapters on royal family's politics instead.
Took me a while to get through this one. It's fine. Interesting topic, helpful overview for total non-experts, but prose is a bit dry and there's a lot of ink spilled on minute military details that weren't that interesting to me. Admittedly, the detailed military maneuvers and logistical stuff may prove super interesting to others! That's just my personal experience of it.
This was a rather long and intricate book, and I don’t remember all of its contents. However, I don’t think I’ll ever forget that the author stated she read the entirety of Peter Hopkirk’s doorstopper tome ‘The Great Game’ all in one sitting.
I found this harder than most books to get into. Describes an interesting period in history, but often vague about what the influence of states means in practical terms and perhaps a smidge too focused on personalities.
Ambitious in scope, but accessible and engagingly written. The book successfully explains how the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century East Asian conflicts were interconnected, what caused them, and how the aftermath still affects us today. Although lengthy, it was never dry or overly detailed. A fascinating and enjoyable read even for casual students of history like myself.
Book felt bloated and overlying ambitious in scope. Found myself wishing I was reading a book specifically on the various topics discussed (Later Qing, Russo-Japanese war, etc.). Not bad
The Other Great Game by Sheila Miyoshi Jager provides a comprehensive, 500-page overview of East Asian history starting in the 1860s, through the Sino-Japanese War, onto the Russo-Japanese War, and concluding with the Japanese annexation of Korea in the 1910s. As China continues its seemingly unstoppable rise into the future, understanding the history of the Far East has become increasingly important in modern times. Much of the current cultural and geopolitical dynamics of the region have their roots in the period covered in the book, whether it be the division of the Korean Peninsula (The author provides a particularly interesting observation in this regard), the antagonistic relationship between Korea and Japan, or the vengeful attitude of the Chinese nation. Despite the positives, The Other Great Game misses the mark in several categories, resulting in a disappointing product. The book is excessively large, consistently repeats itself, and has numerous typos and printing errors. Despite its voluminous length, Jager somehow manages to miss several important and interesting subjects that probably should have been included in the work, including Taiwan and the Kuril Islands. The book becomes wholly absorbed in Japan’s conflicts with essentially its entire neighbourhood and misses many other fascinating topics. This ties into the book’s most prominent flaw—The Other Great Game is marketed as a book on the history of Korea as it relates to the wider region, yet the Peninsula ultimately ends up being a sideshow in the main story of the book, which is Japan’s rise. Most of the pages are dedicated to discussing Japan’s wars with China and Russia, or their plans for Asian domination, or their interactions with other Great Powers. Occasionally, Ms Jager attempts to remind her readers of the supposed purpose of the book by dedicating a few pages to discussing Korean court politics (which quickly becomes dull and repetitive), but it ends up feeling like a tangential point. Even the reviewers on the back of the book agree—only one of the three reviews even mentions the word ‘Korea’. Had The Other Great Game been marketed as an East Asian history book, and had it been shorter and polished up, perhaps it would have earned a higher rating. Unfortunately, its copious length, misleading marketing, and strange choice of events to focus on have produced an underwhelming at somewhat disappointing read.