Very enjoyable popular history! Ostensibly, the book is about the August 21, 1911 theft of the Mona Lisa from the Louvre in Paris, the theft itself, how the theft was discovered, how the authorities reacted, how the public reacted, the suspects, those involved in the search, its eventual recovery, and unresolved (even to this day) mysteries about the theft. Though the book is definitely not a dedicated history of the famed painting, the reader does learn some about its history, called La Joconde by the French and La Gioconda by the Italians, as the woman in the painting is considered to be Lisa Gherardini, who in 1495 married Francesco del Giocondo of Florence, with Leonardo beginning work on the painting in 1503 when Lisa was twenty-four years old. The reader also learns something of the Louvre and how to my surprise the Mona Lisa was one of many items stolen from the famed art museum in those years (and also to my surprise how easy these thefts were).
I would say while the theft and recovery of the Mona Lisa were well covered and interesting reading, it was maybe a quarter or less of the book. A good part of the book talked about the Paris and to lesser extent France of this time, Belle Époque or La Belle Époque, “The Beautiful Era,” basically France from after the end of the Franco-Prussian War in 1871 to the start of World War I in 1914. Good introduction to how this was an interwar period with its own cultural, political, social, and artistic characteristics and its star was the Paris of this time, the Paris of (in 1900) “Henri Matisse and Paul Cézanne in art, Claude Debussy in music, Henri Poincaré in mathematics, Marcel Proust in literature, and the Curies, Marie and Pierre, in science.” People one might run into might include Franz Kafka, Claude Monet, Lenin, Gertrude Stein (featured a few times), and the Spaniard once known as Pablo Ruiz, who later became Picasso. Picasso and his friend poet and writer Guillaume Apollinaire feature prominently in the book, both of whom were great windows into La Belle Époque, both of whom had their role to play in the birth of Surrealism and Cubism, which occurred during the time and the author spends time on, but also both were connected to the theft of the Mona Lisa.
The star of the book arguably is conveyed in the title, the crimes of Paris. Well over half the book I would say is on either crimes of France in general and Paris specifically of the time. There was riveting coverage of a number of famous court cases including the Dreyfus affair, the Meg Steinheil murder trial, the Henriette Caillaux murder trial, and the story of the Bonnot Gang, a group of anarchist bank robbers that was the first ever anywhere to use a getaway car, and indeed in an era when policemen were still on foot or horseback and used revolvers, the gang made headlines by using not only a series of stolen cars but also repeating rifles. The book covers French cultural and literary attitudes towards crime, with French public especially absolutely eating up stories of crime, covering such things as fait divers (sensational stories of crime and scandal, printed by newspapers though more in a style of fiction than typical journalism), feuilletons (another popular feature of French newspapers, serialized fictional crime stories inspired by fait divers), and also the literary history of detective stories, from the first ever modern detective story (“first modern detective story, in which the central character’s importance lies in his ability to detect, was written by an American, Edgar Allan Poe”), to Monsieur Lecoq, first appearing in 1865 and the creation of Emile Gaboriau (with Gaboriau regarded as the father of the modern police procedural, and as since Poe only wrote short stories, the father of the modern detective novel). It was fascinating to read about French attitudes towards the characters in such stories (and why they were), with the public’s sympathy heavily towards the criminals, with this reaching its height with Maurice Leblanc and his stories of Arsene Lupin, gentleman-cambrioleur (“gentleman burglar”), a completely amoral character, only in it for himself, “young, handsome, daring,” whose exploits where he outsmarted the authorities endeared him to readers, and with the Fantomas stories by Artheme Fayard, who was essentially an anarchist, “virtually impossible to capture or stop.”
A figure that gets a lot of space early in the book, not only for his own right but how he inspired such literary creations as Lecoq, was the fascinating man who deserves his own book, known as Eugène-François Vidocq (1775 – 1857), a French criminal who became a renowned criminalist. He in fact is considered to be the father of modern criminology as well as being the founder and first director of France’s national criminal investigative agency, the Sûreté, head of the first known private detective agency and indeed the world’s first private detective. The author also discussed how Vidocq inspired a number of writers including Victor Hugo, Edgar Allan Poe, and Honoré de Balzac.
Also covered are Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure Orfila (“father of toxicology”), Jean Alexandre Eugene Lacassagne (“father of forensic science”), and especially Alphonse Bertillon (1853-1914), essentially inventor of biometrics, using a system called anthropometry or bertillonage that required a series of measurements for each criminal as well as use of a standardized system of describing facial features so that criminals could be identified later, the first ever scientific system ever used to identify criminals, only later replaced by fingerprints. Bertillon was also the inventor of the mug shot. He was an interesting figure, who contributed a lot to criminology, solved many of crimes, but sadly resisted both fingerprints replacing anthropometry and also gave bad testimony at the Dreyfus affair, which he stubbornly refused to withdraw even when overwhelming evidence later showed his testimony was flawed.
Few complaints about the book. I do think the author seemed to me to set up Bertillon as THE person to be at the front of finding the Mona Lisa, but he wasn’t. No less fascinating to read about mind you. The vast majority of the multiple other criminal cases covered were often quite fascinating, though one towards the end I though was a big longish in coverage. That’s about it. A very enjoyable read.
Has a section of black and white plates, end notes, an extensive bibliography, and an index.