There are no shortages of books on achieving happiness and living the good life. But what if the key to both is something profound yet easily attainable? According to professor of psychology Dacher Keltner—and after twenty years of research on the topic—the answer to the happiness puzzle lies in a particular emotion that has received comparably little attention: awe.
Awe, according to Keltner, “is the feeling of being in the presence of something vast that transcends your current understanding of the world.” In this profound state of wonder, we tend to lose our sense of ego and identify with something larger than ourselves, which, studies have shown, enhances our creativity, mood, tolerance, and tendency towards altruism.
In fact, there is a rich evolutionary history behind the emotion of awe, which has helped us to collectively explore the unknown and bond with each other socially, giving us the ultimate competitive edge relative to other animals. This key adaptation also turns out to be the primary key to happiness, according to Keltner.
To assess this claim in more objective terms, Keltner and his colleagues asked survey participants from 26 countries to describe an experience of awe using the definition provided above. What the researchers found was that people most frequently experience awe in relation to the “eight wonders of life,” as follows:
1. The strength, courage, and kindness of others (moral beauty)
2. Collective movement or effervescence (e.g., dance and sports)
3. Nature
4. Music
5. Art
6. Mystical encounters (religious experiences)
7. Encountering life and death
8. Big ideas or epiphanies
What’s surprising about this list—other than the absence of food or sex (I mean, come on)—is that the number one category of awe is moral beauty—or the strength, courage, and kindness of others. We seem to receive the majority of our inspiration from other people, and not, as you might have thought, from religion, nature, or mystical experiences. As social creatures, this probably makes sense. The remaining categories are not too surprising.
Before diving into each of the “eight wonders of life,” Keltner explores the science behind the emotion of awe, how awe physically manifests itself in our bodies, and how awe can make us happier, more social, and less egotistical and materialistic. Keltner then proceeds to explore each of the eight wonders of life, with a chapter dedicated to each, and the everyday awe they can inspire, largely through personal stories.
While the personal narratives are mostly informative, they can at times grow tiresome and melodramatic, and the author uses a lot of flowery language that I’m not the biggest fan of. Also, while the argument that the emotion of everyday awe is a key ingredient to living the good life, it feels like something is missing. A good life involves more than passively standing in awe of the moral strength and creativity of others or the forces of nature. It seems to also involve acts of creation, engaging in meaningful projects, and helping others—in other words, active engagement in the world.
In any case, some recommendations on how to add more awe into your life—which we could all use—clearly emerge throughout the course of the book. To experience more everyday awe, you can: (1) prioritize your senses—and direct engagement with the world—over language and categorization; (2) approach phenomena—especially natural phenomena—as if for the first time, without preconceived judgments (like a child); (3) contemplate the interconnectedness and interdependence of everything (in both space and time); and (4) embrace the mysteries of existence non-dogmatically.
This last point was an opportunity for Keltner to explain how religion, often a source of awe, can also become an enemy of awe, as it replaces mystery with unfounded certainty and leads to dogma, arrogance, and intolerance of others. But he largely avoids the issue possibly because he doesn’t want to alienate any of his readers.
The biggest takeaway Keltner wants you to consider is that the “systems-view” of life seems to be the most profound and reliable way of achieving everyday awe. As Keltner writes, “When we look at life through this systems lens, we perceive things in terms of relations rather than separate objects.” This creates a sense of gratitude that dissolves the ego and ultimately makes us more tolerant and charitable (Buddhists everywhere are nodding in agreement). And in this day and age, who’s going to argue that we can’t use more of that?