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Historia De La Palestina Moderna

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En este magistral estudio, Ilan Pappe aborda la historia de Palestina, una tierra habitada por dos pueblos con identidades nacionales distintas. El libro comienza en el periodo otomano, a principios del siglo XIX, durante el reinado de Mohamed Alí, y traza un recorrido que va desde la llegada de los primeros sionistas -a finales del siglo XIX-, al mandato británico -a comienzos del siglo XX-, la creación del Estado de Israel -en 1948-, y las subsiguientes guerras y conflictos, que culminan en las intifadas de 1987 y 2000. Al tiempo que estos acontecimientos constituyen el trasfondo de la narración y explican la evolución de los nacionalismos sionista y palestino, en el eje central están los que vivieron en esos tiempos "hombres y mujeres, niños, campesinos, obreros, habitantes de las ciudades, judíos y árabes". Ésta es una historia de la coexistencia y la cooperación, también sobre la opresión, la ocupación y el exilio. Ilan Pappé es bien conocido por su revisión de la historia de Palestina y como analista político del conflicto que enfrenta a Palestina e Israel. Su libro tiene la lucidez y la franqueza que cabía esperar. Se trata de una contribución única a la historia de esta tierra conflictiva que todos los implicados en el desarrollo de Oriente Medio deberían conocer.

480 pages, Paperback

First published November 3, 2003

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About the author

Ilan Pappé

89 books1,779 followers
Ilan Pappé is a professor with the College of Social Sciences and International Studies at the University of Exeter in the UK, director of the university's European Centre for Palestine Studies, co-director of the Exeter Centre for Ethno-Political Studies, and political activist. He was formerly a senior lecturer in political science at the University of Haifa (1984–2007) and chair of the Emil Touma Institute for Palestinian and Israeli Studies in Haifa (2000–2008).

Pappé is one of Israel's "New Historians" who, since the release of pertinent British and Israeli government documents in the early 1980s, have been rewriting the history of Israel's creation in 1948, and the corresponding expulsion or flight of 700,000 Palestinians in the same year. He has written that the expulsions were not decided on an ad hoc basis, as other historians have argued, but constituted the ethnic cleansing of Palestine, in accordance with Plan Dalet, drawn up in 1947 by Israel's future leaders. He blames the creation of Israel for the lack of peace in the Middle East, arguing that Zionism is more dangerous than Islamic militancy, and has called for an international boycott of Israeli academics.

His work has been both supported and criticized by other historians. Before he left Israel in 2008, he had been condemned in the Knesset, Israel's parliament; a minister of education had called for him to be sacked; his photograph had appeared in a newspaper at the centre of a target; and he had received several death threats.

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 62 reviews
Profile Image for Zach Cohen.
11 reviews64 followers
November 10, 2010
A History of Modern Palestine is a thoroughly enlightening, in-depth, unbiased analysis of the land that is known now as Israel and the Occupied Territories. It's important to note, before getting into the review, that in mainstream US and Israeli discourse, "unbiased" means falsely equivocating the behavior of two parties as if they share equal power and equal responsibility for the course of events in the region, which is simply not true. Pappe analyzes significant developments in the region in context, emphasizing the great chain of cause and effect that is often left out of discussions of the issue.

Pappe is an Israeli professor of history who offers a captivating attempt to unite both the Zionist and Palestinian nationalist narratives and reconcile them with what has actually happened. The writing is dense and academic, but highly readable. He occasionally goes off on tangents discussing various theories and models that professional historians use, applying them to the subject matter or examining how other historians have applied or misapplied them, but other than that, I found it highly accessible.

The book begins around 1850 in Ottoman Palestine, discussing the social structures of the people who lived there and setting the stage for the conflict that developed during the 20th century. The rise of Zionism in Europe is chronicled, and its ensuring slow migration of Jews to Palestine from the 1880s onward. Pappe examines how Palestinian social structure was initially affected by this immigration, as well as by integration with the European economy.

Significant time is devoted to the interwar period of the British Mandate, and how Zionism developed, centralized its civil and military institutions, and established goals for the future Jewish State during that time. Following the second world war, Pappe examines the UN establishent of Israel, including the ethnic cleansing, expulsion, and murder carried out by the Zionists against Palestinians in the months prior to the official birth of Israel in May of 1948.

The remainder of the book discusses the rise of Palestinian resistance and the increasingly brutal Israeli suppression, the 1967 war and subsequent occupation of the rest of ex-Mandate Palestine by the Israelis, the 1973 war, beginnings of the peace process in the 1970s, the Israeli invasions of Lebanon, the first Intifada, the rise of post Zionism in Israel, the Oslo accords, the rise of suicide terrorism, and the degeneration back into violence that has engulfed the region in the early 2000s.
Throughout the history, Pappe often pauses to discuss what the Zionist or Palestinian mythology has to say about a given issue, comparing it to how the other side perceived events and to what actually happened.

If you are a die hard Zionist, you probably won’t like this book. I was raised Jewish and attended Hebrew night school for many years, and the Zionist narrative I was provided is starkly at odds with historical realities. I felt Pappe treated both sides fairly, pointing out shortcomings and never moralizing or judging. However, as I suggested at the beginning, there is no false equivocation. Israeli bloodshed and violence vastly exceeds Palestinian, and much of the Palestinian violence is a direct result of their economic, political, and military oppression and exploitation by a vastly more powerful Israeli society. He also documents the radicalization of Palestinian resistance, culminating in the rise of extremist movements like Hezbollah and Hamas, resulting from increasing Israeli oppression and failure to address the fundamental issues of the conflict. Throughout his treatment of the peace process, Pappe, documents how Israelis continued to undermine peace efforts with military intervention and illegal settlement expansion, slowly eroding the chances that a peaceful solution could occur.

Pappe also does not generalize each side. Much time is spent examining the various factions within Israeli and Palestinian society, investigating their origins, ideologies, and motivations. I was particularly struck with his dissection of the class structure of Israeli society and explanation of how poorly Arab jews and even Holocaust survivors were treated.

Final thoughts: excellent read for anyone who wants an open minded, comprehensive, and systemic analysis of the events that brought Israel and Palestine to their present impasse, and the obstacles that their societies must come to terms with if the conflict is to be resolved.
Profile Image for J TC.
235 reviews26 followers
January 1, 2025
Se eu pudesse ….

se pudesse, se houvesse forma de retroceder, há muito que teria lido Ilan Pappe, Amos Oz e David Grossman. Há muito que teria lido “The Yellow Win”, uma reflexão melancólica, um pensar com o coração (Coração Pensante, é título em português), um olhar pesaroso sobre a história, não para a repartição de responsabilidades mas para testar a perplexidade e abominação com que, no conforto do sofá, diariamente assistimos ao pogrom de um povo. Se eu pudesse …
há muito que teria lido “Palestina: Uma Biografia”, um texto onde Rashid Khalidi nos conta na primeira pessoa o drama de um povo. Um livro cuja informação ilumina, não por trazer algo de novo, mas por ser um relato que faz sentido. Um livro onde o autor, sobrinho-neto do então Mufti de Jerusalém, alguém que em finais do sec. XIX explicava, numa carta enviada a Theodore Herzl e aos outros líderes do movimento sionista, que a Palestina tinha uma população própria e advertia-os do risco de genocídio e de uma crise demográfica, consequências que lhe pareciam inevitáveis se fosse consumada a política de recolocação de judeus na palestina. «Em nome de Deus, que a Palestina seja deixada em paz», é desta forma que Yousef al-Khalidi, termina a carta enviada em 1899. Se eu pudesse …

há muito que que teria olhado para o mapa da Palestina, um mapa que faz capa do livro de Ilan Pappe, “História da Palestina Moderna. Uma Terra, Dois Povos”, e era impossível não ter visto nessa simples imagem a evolução e magnitude da ocupação da palestina ao longo dos últimos 60 anos. Não são necessárias, legendas, grandes explicações, discursos exaustivos. São quatro esboços, quatro mapas grosseiros, onde a duas cores se explica tudo o que ainda muitos se recusam a ver. Se eu pudesse …

teria alertado os muitos judeus Russos, vítimas de um pogrom, após o assassinato do czar Alexandre II do qual foram bode-expiatório e por isso perseguidos. A todos os que deram origem ao movimento "Hovevei Zion" (Amantes de Sião), um movimento formalizado em 1884 (Kattowitz, Prussia) e que propunha o retorno dos judeus à “Eretz Israel”, à terra do templo de Salomão e à colina de “Zion”. Uma terra que o imperador romano Adriano no sec. II após a revolta de Bar Kokhba (132-135 d.C.) e a expulsão dos judeus da Judia que renomeou como “Syria Palaestina”. Dois mil anos decorreram e a vida naquele território não ficou suspensa. Pergunto-me, onde acaba a memória e recomeça a história, essa reconstrução de factos, que por serem só passado que não vivemos, não nos deveriam despertar sentimentos ou paixões? Se eu pudesse …

teria retrocedido, e teria procurado aqueles momentos em que a humanidade sem compreender a dimensão do que decidia traçou a história, marcando o futuro com metal incandescente. Teria procurado iluminar essas pessoas, essas decisões, deixando que os seus intervenientes pudessem vislumbrar os caminhos e os riscos para onde encaminhavam o futuro, um futuro que presumo nunca terem desejado. Teria interferido no “Acordo Sykes-Picot” de 1916. Teria explicado aos seus intervenientes, Reino Unido, França e Império Russo que as geografias têm populações próprias e que o seu destino, não podia ser determinado numa lógica colonialista ou de influencias. Ter-lhes-ia feito ver que não era possível dividir aquele território com “régua e esquadro”, esquecendo as vontades das populações e a sua organização fundamentalmente feudal e tribal. Não havia nenhuma evidência para a arrogância da “superioridade ocidental” tal como como os cem anos que se seguiram vieram a demonstrar. Teria insultado, com impropérios públicos se necessário, Arthur James Balfour, que em 02 de novembro de 1917 emitiu a “Declaração Balfour”, um documento segundo o qual o governo britânico declarava o apoio à criação na Palestina de um "lar nacional para o povo judeu”. Se eu pudesse …

teria usado impropérios semelhantes quando Theodor Herz, quando este fundou o sionismo, movimento surgido em resposta ao antissemitismo na Europa, particularmente após o caso Dreyfus. Ter-lhe-ia dito, a ele o autor do sionismo político, tal como o descreveu em 1896, no seu livro "Der Judenstaat" (O Estado Judeu), no qual argumentava que os judeus precisavam de um Estado próprio para escapar da perseguição. Uma ideia que tentou pragmatizar quando em 1897 organizou o Primeiro Congresso Sionista em Basileia, Suíça. Tê-lo-ia obrigado a reconhecer que, à época, o nacionalismo judeu era inexistente, que o Judaísmo é uma religião com 3000 anos e que uma religião, pode ser importante, mas só por si não faz uma nação. Teria alertado Nathan Birnbaum que em 1890 cunhou o termo "Sionismo" referindo-se à restauração da pátria judaica em Sião, uma terra que há 2000 anos tinha outras gentes, uma outra história e um outro nome, a Palestina. A todos eles dir-lhes-ia que iriam ser eficazes. Que conseguiriam construir um nacionalismo, condição indispensável à construção de uma nação. Que iriam conseguir passar a mensagem que o povo judeu estava unido pela religião e pela língua, ainda que esta última fosse uma invenção de Eliezer Ben-Yehuda que em finais do sec. XIX, e na lógica do sionismo político, a reconstruiu com base no hebraico bíblico e medieval. Uma língua que conseguiu afirmar-se incorporando muito vocabulário do iídiche, um dialeto popular usado pelos judeus da europa central. A todos eles, dir-lhes-ia que iriam ser eficazes, que “Eretz Israel” iria ser a pátria de “todos” os judeus, mas que isso iria ter um custo. Dir-lhes-ia, que para reviverem uma “memória” histórica iram destruir milhões, criar novas memórias, rancores frescos que iriam crescer como bolores e de que não haveria “placas de petri” capazes de os reter. Se eu pudesse …

há muito que seria capaz de entender algo que sempre me intrigou - como foi possível no espaço de 50 anos, uma comunidade que representava 3% de população, assumisse em 1948, uma posição dominante e desde a independência lhe fosse possível estabelecer um domínio cada vez mais progressivo de toda a região? Se tivesse lido Ilan Pappe, há muito que teria percebido que pela mão de Theodor Herz, Chaim Weizmann e David Ben-Gurion os judeus lideraram os acontecimentos apenas por estarem mais determinados nos seus objectivos. Os palestinianos não tiveram lideranças que os unissem. A Palestina, tanto no campo como nas cidades, tinha uma estrutura feudal dominada por clãs e famílias que rivalizavam entre si e nunca foram capazes de colaborar. Nunca teve uma liderança, nem um esboço disso. A organização sionista ultrapassou-os rapidamente com um objectivo comum e uma estrutura unida e focada na prossecução de um Estado judaico. Nunca os palestinianos se organizaram e foram claramente ultrapassados pelos sionista na construção de um nacionalismo. Os britânicos, enquanto detentores do “Mandato para a Palestina” 1920 – 1948, dolosamente ou apenas por instinto, estavam sempre mais abertos às posições sionistas. Na prática, nunca ajudaram os palestinianos. Aplicaram o tratado de Balafour, fomentaram a divisão entre os palestinianos e para melhor controlo das suas estruturas fomentaram o aparecimento de estruturas políticas de índole religiosa. Curiosamente as mesmas que hoje vemos com “horror” e as tomamos como uma invenção contemporânea! Se eu pudesse …

e era fácil de intuir. Com o tratado de Sykes Picot e principalmente com a declaração de Balafour de 02/11/1917 o destino estava marcado. Desde fevereiro de 1947, altura em que a Resolução 181 da ONU que propunha a partilha do território em dois Estados, e a data do terminus do “Mandato Britânico” 14 de maio de 1948, que o que estava marcado tomou forma. A comunidade internacional numa usual atitude apaziguadorade tudo dar a todos, “ONU, Resolução 181”, propôs a divisão do território. Aos palestinianos não os questionou se estavam dispostos a reduzir o territério para metade, dos vizinhos não se incomodou quando os da liga árabe tentaram aproveitar o diferendo para se apropriar de terras, e igualmente “fechou os olhos” quando em fevereiro de 1917 os judeus iniciaram um processo de judaização do território que se acentuou após a independência acelerando o ritmos de expropriações até maio de 1949. Por essa altura o grosso do processo estava consumado, um plano conhecido como o plano Dalet, plano que no espaço de um anos levou à destruição e apropriação de 370 aldeias de população palestiniada. Se eu pudesse …

teria alertado a comunidade internacional para o Estado de Israel, uma comunidade que não estava minimamente interessado em cumprir a Resolução 181 da ONU. Em verdade se diga, os palestinianos foram os primeiros a rejeitá-la, porém pouco mais podiam fazer que essa recusa. Os israelitas, aroveitaram essa recusa e a animosidade de paíises vizinhos para porem em marcha o seu plano Dalet. Com este plano garantiram todos os territórios previstos na resolução 181, mas foram muito mais além, tendo-se apropriado de tudo o que era território que considerassem vital. Foi, cumprindo esse plano que as brigadas da Haganá, ou a sua força de elite, a Palmach, abordava as aldeias que ficavam sitiadas, mas sempre com um corredor de fuga, disseminavam o pânico e fomentavam a fuga pelo único corredor permitido. Os que resistiram não ficaram para contar a sua história. No espaço de um ano, essa desgraça que para os palestinianos ficou conhecida como a Nakba, o exodo tivesse atingido 750.000 palestinianos, o início dos quase 6 milhões actualmente registados como refugiados. Se eu pudesse …

teria denunciado atempadamente o pogrom do povo palestiniano. Ter-me-ia revoltado com uma ocupação na primeira metade do século XX que se assemelhou a uma acção “colonial de povoamento”, para depois ganhar músculo e tentar de forma despudorada o extermínio de um povo. Teria denunciado a narrativa ocidental e israelita, de tudo ter ocorrido de forma pacífica e tranquila. Porém, como poderia ter sido pacifica ou tranquila quando milhares se viram expropriados dos seus bens, quando outros tantos foram arrancados do conforto no anonimato da noite e viram, num virar de página, a sua segurança esboroar-se como um castelo de areia em noite invernosa? Mães viram os filhos arrancados do aconchego, pais sentiram-se culpados por não garantirem a segurança aos seus, idosos olhavam perplexos para um cenário que nunca tinham imaginado, e as crianças, essas, choravam por as terem acordado para aquele pesadelo. A “Nakba”, a catástrofe, ocorrida em 1948, após a saída do exército britânico da Palestina e nos dias que se seguiram ao reconhecimento da independência do Estado de Israel, foi um período onde o “cataclismo” que se abateu sobre o povo palestiniano está na origem de todos os acontecimentos passados e recentes. Se eu pudesse …

tê-los-ia alertado para o que aí vinha. Alertaria 85% da população para que não se deixasse subjugar, não se deixasse enrolar nas “patranhas” da comunidade internacional, uma comunidade que no remorso do “holocausto”, pela culpa, permitia que outro povo tivesse outra dose de horrores. Alertá-los-ia para a “Nakba”, a catástrofe, o apagamento sistemático da memória desse povo, para tudo isto os alertava, se eu pudesse …
Profile Image for Randall Wallace.
665 reviews652 followers
July 27, 2024
History: During the Crimean War there were 500,000 people in Palestine, of which only 20,000 were Jews (p.13). In 1920, Haifa was the most prosperous town in Palestine. British Empire building was based on economics: “extracting as much out of colonies as possible while investing as little as possible in their welfare.” Only 10% of Holocaust survivors settled in Palestine. One reason the British pulled out of Palestine after WWII was because “it had more soldiers in Palestine than on the Indian subcontinent” and because of the Zionist “terror campaign” (Stern Gang, etc.). The Nakba begins in March 1948, driven by a blueprint called Plan D created by the Haganah. On October 29th, 1956, The IDF punished ONE of the villages (Kfar Qasim) were some people returned homes after sunset curfew – the border guards then massacred 48 women, children and young men. Note, that this is how Israel protects “its own citizens” and that the average Israeli barely cared about the massacre. The British finally leave Palestine in May 1948, by which time “one-third of the Palestinian population had been evicted.” May 14th, 1948, Israel declares itself a state. Note that Truman and the US, formally recognize Israel within 24 hours. What took you so long? Ha ha…

At this time, the West Bank was fully annexed to Jordan (w/o the population’s consent or enthusiasm) while the Gaza Strip was “in limbo under military rule, its inhabitants were prevented from entering Egypt proper.” Israel quickly changes the names of emptied Palestinian towns to Hebrew ones in an act of what Ilan calls “memoricide”, completed by 1951.

Mizrahi Jews Back Story: I’ve always wondered from all the Palestine books I’ve reviewed, if Ashkenazi Jews in Israel look down on Mizrahi Jews, then why on earth would they ENCOURAGE Mizrahi Jews to move to Israel? Answer: Because they needed Jewish numbers to consolidate the state – they needed the numbers to survive as a feel-good exclusionary racist state “even if they came from underdeveloped or primitive areas of the world.”

Let’s Shatter the Zionist/Holocaust Myth: “Holocaust survivors were particularly loathed by native Israelis, who regarded them and their whole experience as the antithesis of Zionism and its heroic struggle in Palestine. Like the Arab Jews, these European Jews were callously put in camps that must have reminded many of them of concentration camps.” They were also subjected to being mass sprayed with detergents like DDT (p.166). Such unwarranted contempt: Jus’ treat ‘em like cattle, but stay in the saddle, and that’s most of the battle.

How post-1967 Zionists recognized Palestinians might be (God forbid) resisting: “Any show of opposition to the occupation, such as a rally, a strike, distribution of petitions or the waving of a Palestinian flag, was met with severe brutality.” By 1972 Israel had confiscated 28% of the West Bank. By 2000, that percentage was up to 42%. Ilan defines post-Zionists as those “Jews willing to forsake all or part of the Zionist interpretation of reality.” Interesting Facts: “Islamic law condemns suicide, and Sunni Islam, to which ALL the Palestinian Islamists belong, encourages toleration and peace rather than Jihad.”

Israeli Hospitality: Israel built its first wall in the mid-1990’s around the Gaza Strip, giving it all the allure of a prison camp. Then Israel begins making its West Bank Separation wall in 2002; it would become 466 miles long and usually 26 feet high. Nothing quite says depressed property values like miles of trenches, barbed wire, electric fences, watchtowers and sniper towers w/ thermal imaging and sensors and cameras.

What Western media Won’t Tell You: By 2000, Gaza was a breeding ground of radical discontent, a 50% unemployment rate, blockaded by an electric fence around Gaza – What options did Palestinians have besides resistance, since Israel intentionally offered them no hope for a political solution, and no future. It was said Gaza no longer needed preachers, but instead needed weapons of any kind to respond to (illegal under international law) Zionist Sabra hyper-aggressiveness w/ it’s mirror image.

In 2005, Israel begins its non-humanitarian Operation First Rain. “In ‘First Rain’, supersonic flights were flown over Gaza to terrorize the entire population, followed by the heavy bombardment of vast areas from the sea, sky and land.” The joys of living in a bombed out open-air prison where your occupier additionally commits daily acts of terror to keep your children sleepless, malnourished, and on edge? Hamas wins the (protest) vote in 2006 which leads to Operation Cast Lead which shows the world that although Israel said they generously pulled out of Gaza in 2005, it then controlled Gaza totally through a total land, sea and air blockade, which turned the average Gazan’s health to shit (see IRC reports).

Ilan ends this book saying that Israel presently (2020) has 12 million people, of which half have full rights, while the other half have “almost none.” And then he mentions the plight of the many Palestinian refugees; the world presently has 6.5 million of them.

Conclusions: I learned a LOT more from reading Ilan’s “The Biggest Prison on Earth”, “Ten Myths About Israel”, “The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine”, “The Idea of Israel”, and “The Forgotten Palestinians” all of which I have reviewed in depth on Goodreads, yet kudos to Ilan for still another great book. And if you get a chance, go on You Tube and watch some of Ilan’s many recent You Tube videos.
19 reviews4 followers
June 7, 2012
Despite being a politics student, I was totally ignorant of the history behind israel / palestine before reading this book. This book was a great introduction to the history of modern palestine and provides a relatively impartial account of the historical events of the last century or so to do with zionism and the establishment of the state of israel. I found the book quite dense and heavy at times but I think that is mainly because the history of palestine, in itself, is confusing and hard to follow rather than through any fault of the author. I found the chapter about contemporary culture in the middle east interesting and provides references to lots of interesting books and films on the subject. A good initial insight into palestine and has certainly spurred me on to read more about the history of this part of the world.
Profile Image for MissFede.
460 reviews26 followers
October 15, 2019
Veramente consigliato a chiunque sia interessato all'argomento. Ben scritto e chiaro senza essere scolastico o troppo asciutto.
Profile Image for Begum Selin Arslanbas.
92 reviews11 followers
August 21, 2024
Orta doğu üzerine bir süredir araştırmalar yapıyorum ve bu da Filistin tarihi hakkında ilk adımımı attığım kitap bu oldu. Kitaptan tamamen beklentim bana detaysız, bas ağrıtmadan genel bir Filistin tarihi anlatmasıydı. Öyle de oldu.

Daha da detaylandırırsam....

Bence İlan Pappé'nin bu kitabı, tarih ve siyasetle ilgilenen herkes için çok değerli olmalı. Kitap, Filistin ve İsrail arasındaki çatışmanın kökenlerini, gelişimini ve bugüne kadar uzanan etkilerini çok detaylı bir şekilde anlatıyor. Pappé, olayları sadece tarihler ve olaylar üzerinden değil, o dönemde yaşayan insanların gözünden de ele alıyor, bu da okuyucuyu derinden etkileyen bir anlatım sunuyor. Uzun süredir bu konularla ilgili bir görüş oturtmaya yönelik çalısmalar yapıyordum ve bu kitap bana çok yardimci oldu.

Kitabın en dikkat çekici yanlarından biri, Pappé'nin tarafsız gibi görünen ama aslında oldukça eleştirel olan üslubu. İsrail'in Filistin topraklarında uyguladığı politikaları, yapılan zulümleri ve etnik temizlik girişimlerini cesurca dile getiriyor aynı zamanda tarih yazımında Filistinlilerin sesini de duyuruyor. Bu da kitabı sadece bir tarih kitabı olmaktan çıkarıp, bir insanlık dramının hikayesi haline getiriyor. Bu kadar da tarafli anlatıma gerek oldugunu da düşünmüyorum.

Okurken, Pappé'nin ne kadar titiz bir araştırmacı olduğunu fark ediyorsunuz. Kullanılan arşiv belgeleri, tanıklıklar ve diğer kaynaklar, anlatılan her olayın ne kadar iyi araştırıldığını gösteriyor. Ancak, kitap bazı okuyucular için ağır gelebilir, çünkü konu çok kapsamlı ve karmaşık. Ama yine de, Filistin-İsrail meselesini anlamak isteyen herkesin okuması gereken bir eser.

Benim ise okumam çok uzun sürdü, durup durup not alıp Google açtıran bir kitaptı. Yavaş ve sindirerek okumanızı tavsiye ederim.
Profile Image for Jamul.
33 reviews3 followers
June 20, 2021
I highly recommend the history of modern Palestine by Ilan Pappe.. the amount of insight you acquire about Palestine from the ottoman era up until the post Oslo era is interesting and eye opening
Profile Image for William Johnson.
24 reviews1 follower
April 30, 2016
Yet another book written on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. A Modern History of Palestine: One Land, Two Peoples by Ilan Pappe offers a leftist perspective on the conflict similar to that of Noam Chomsky or Edward Said. I’m not sure it divulges anything entirely new to historical discourse – critiques of “Orientalism” and anti-colonialist analysis of the Palestinian conflict have always been commonplace in academia.

One does wonder why Pappe often highlights academically disputed Jewish massacres of Arabs during the 1948 war, but only gives scant mention to the numerous, well-documented Arab massacres of Jews during the same period – perhaps this is the new discourse Pappe is offering; one of apologist revisionism.

An objective history should discuss violence committed by both communities in a conflict and contextualize this violence. Pappe seems only to be interested in contextualizing violence conducted by Jewish forces against Palestinians.

The academic tone of the book made it a slow read, but this is to be expected. The omission of certain areas of history – especially those that cast the Palestinian people in a negative light – made it hard for me to accept A Modern History of Palestine as a fair historical perspective of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Profile Image for Maha.
222 reviews71 followers
February 27, 2015
الكتاب جيد جداً كمصدر لبحث!
هذا الكتاب مهم جداً لمعرفة تاريخ فلسطين قبل الإنتداب البريطاني، وطبيعة المجتمع الفلسطيني!
أكثر ما لفت نظري في الكتاب أولاً الإهداء!كاتب يهودي يكتب إهداءه لأبنائه الذي يتمنى لهم أن يستطيعوا العيش في فلسطين بسلام!
الرائع بهذا الكتاب هو تبيان الكاتب أن المجتمع الفلسطيني كان متحضر قبل هجرة اليهود، وأن الثورة الصناعية كان لها بنمو فلسطين سواء بالزراعة أو الصناعة.
تطرق الكاتب لمواضيع كالمرأة ، التعليم، الأقليات مهم جدًا . خصوصاً أن المؤرخين الإسرائليين، يستخدمون حجج كإضطهاد الأقليات، التخلف، وضعف الإنتاج ، وأنهم عندما أتوا لفلسطين جلبوا التطور معهم، الكاتب هنا يبين العكس.
الكتاب جيد جدًا لمن يهتم بتاريخ فلسطين، خصوصًا فترة الخلافة العثمانية .
Profile Image for Zoe.
222 reviews
April 9, 2018
Was hard to get through because of the intense focus on government and war instead of people's history. Also was somewhat biased but author did try to cover himself in the last couple chapters.
Profile Image for Stephanie.
221 reviews1 follower
March 25, 2024
This was supremely informative read that I absolutely needed. I've never been much of a history person, but with history being made and an ongoing genocide, I needed to educate myself.

Pappé does an excellent job at providing full context about modern day Palestine and how the Zionist movement started before the Nakba in 1948.

I recommend this to anyone who wants to learn more about the history of Palestine.
Profile Image for Elisa Iñiguez.
46 reviews1 follower
August 3, 2024
Imprescindible para entender lo que ocurre en Palestina, un caso clásico del colonialismo de asentamiento. El proyecto sionista de asentamiento no ha sido diferente a procesos semejantes de colonización blanca europea en las dos Américas, Australia o Sudáfrica.

Palestina es un lugar de encuentro entre colonizadores y colonizados, de ocupantes y ocupados. Era y será según palabras del autor “un conflicto entre colonos y nativos”.
27 reviews
July 15, 2024
Saggio importante, ben documentato, di uno storico israeliano che appartiene a quella classe intellettuale che esprime dissenso rispetto alla narrazione nazionalista israeliana a cui siamo abituati. Impegnativo ma scorre bene, da leggere.
Profile Image for Beatrice.
35 reviews14 followers
February 23, 2013
While I appreciate the attempted scope of this book, at times it became far to verbose to make the history any clearer; and it became quite dry at portions. There is an obvious bias, but not to the point where it makes any side out to be at ultimate fault for the conflict. Overall a fairly comprehensive view of the history of modern Palestine.
Profile Image for Monica.
23 reviews
August 16, 2020
Very well written and with an easy approach, Pappé manages to explain the complexity of the topic and their issues throughout time.
Profile Image for poema.
225 reviews3 followers
October 15, 2024
struggling to find words adequate enough to describe how perspective changing this book is
Profile Image for Ilaria🦜.
125 reviews7 followers
May 26, 2024
La storia del conflitto Isrealo-Palestinese ha radici ben più profonde di quelle visibili ad occhio nudo, e Pappé, in questo contesto, è in grado di mostrarne tutte le diramazioni. È un testo complesso come d'altronde lo è la vicenda trattata, ma vale, senza dubbio alcuno, l'attenzione e lo sforzo necessari per leggerlo.
Gli eventi sono ricostruiti e analizzati meticolosamente, permettendo al lettore di formarsi un'opinione sulla base dei fatti e degli episodi storici; sono particolarmente ostici i capitoli che trattano della politica interna e degli scontri che si tengono nei partiti israeliani, ma il pregio del libro è indubbiamente nelle pagine con approfondimenti su cultura, economia, scene di vita e analisi sociale.

"La tragedia della Palestina è che il prossimo piano di pace, quando prima o poi apparirà, continuerà a essere basato sul falso presupposto che pace significhi: ritiro di Israele entro i confini del giugno 1967 e istituzione di uno Stato Palestinese confinante. La presenza di un numero così elevato di palestinesi nello Stato di Israele, come la presenza, considerevole, di coloni ebrei in quello che dovrebbe essere il futuro Stato Palestinese, pongono molti dubbi sulla fattibilità di un progetto del genere che, tra l'altro, non risultò conveniente per la popolazione autoctona della Palestina già nel 1947. [...]
Affinché qualsiasi iniziativa di pace possa avere successo occorre chiudere una volta per tutte il capitolo della spoliazione della Palestina. Proprio il riconoscimento di questa spoliazione, accettando, in linea di principio, il diritto al ritorno dei rifugiati, potrebbe essere il gesto fondamentale per inaugurare la strada che conduce all'uscita dal conflitto. Un dialogo diretto tra vittime della spoliazione e Stato autore della loro espulsione potrebbe rilanciare il discorso di pace e convincere la popolazione, e le dirigenze politiche, che occorre puntare a quella struttura politica unita che, in diversi momenti cruciali di questa storia, è parsa possibile."
77 reviews3 followers
July 15, 2023
This book describes the history of Palestine from its beginnings to 2005. Professor Pappe does not spare anyone and anything connected with the many crimes committed during the conflict between the Jewish settlers and the Arabs, namely, the Palestinians. Expulsions, mass incarcerations,confiscations of propery, massacres and the wiping out of many Arab -Palestinian towns( Tantura, Dir Yassin, Kfar Qassem, the crimes perpetrated by Ariel Sharon in Qibbia , compounded by his encouraging of the Maronite massacre of Sabra and Shatilla and many other vicious deeds committed by expropriating and illegal confiscations of Palestinian lands (a thing happening these days as well),the support of some Palestinian leaders of the Nazi regime , etc.-all these and many more things which will be hard to digest because it is a non-Zionist history- will be hard to digest for those who are Zionists and think that there is only one narrative of this bloody conflict which has been going on for more than 130 years. Even Pappe himself had to leave his post at the Haifa University, because he was ostracized by his colleagues due to his views, which belong to the post-and post-post Zionist historians.
This book was published by a most repectable press, the Cambridge Univesity Press, which had the courage to publish a revisionist history of the conflict. Mandatory reading for all those who want to know the truth about the wars between the Jews, Arabs and the tragic fate of the Palestinian people-the last ones who were dismissed by the infamous Israeli PM, Golda Meir, who declared that "there is no such a thing as a Palestinian people".
The ethinic cleansing of Palestine will always be a shame and dark spot in the history of Israel.
Profile Image for Keith.
70 reviews29 followers
February 2, 2021
Ilan Pappe is less objective in his analysis of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict than he contends in the beginning of the book, but I still found it to be an essential read, and it elucidated multiple, complex layers to the decades of unrest that I never read in the NYTimes or saw on cable news.

Particularly, I enjoyed learning about the various class divisions within Israel, especially among the various groups of Jewish citizens. What you realize in those passages is that even if you removed the Palestinian refugee crisis from the equation altogether, Israel remains a nation-state run by (at best) flawed elected officials and, at worst, far-right conservatives. It never was and never will be a Utopian safe-haven for ALL Jewish people, even if you somehow separated it from the rest of the Middle East and made it an island onto itself. As such, activists of all stripes must continue to question and doubt the actions of the political elite (i.e. assume the leadership is guilty until proven otherwise) and continually push it forward, in the name of justice and humanity.
Profile Image for John Sagherian.
150 reviews9 followers
April 15, 2024
Over the past 2 months I’ve been reading “A History of Modern Palestine” by Ilan Pappé. I found it very interesting, enlightening and very relevant to what’s happening today. A wise man once said that when you hear the news you should remind yourself that there is another side to the story. This book will give you another side to what you hear in the news today. If you want to know why they’re fighting, this book will give you the background. I strongly recommend it; if you’re interested, read it. As it says on the back cover, “Tracing the history of Palestine from the Ottomans in the nineteenth century, through the British Mandate, the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948, amid the subsequent wars and conflicts which have dominated this troubled region, Ilan Pappé provides a balanced and forthright overview of Palestine’s complex history. Unfortunately, there probably won’t be peace until the Lord returns; but until then, we need to work for and seek a just peace.
Profile Image for João Santos.
5 reviews1 follower
December 26, 2024
Bought this book because it looked like a good summary of one of the most irresolvable wars that we have for the last 50 years or so and we will continue to have.

The first 2 chapters give in my opinion a good description of what Palestine was long ago and how it evolved into the powder keg which was when the mandate was decreeted.

However after that I believe that the author pours all of its political beliefs into the remaining chapters. He is able to detail the several political issues from the regions and the actions of each party, however there is a constant presence of a criticism to Israel and the USA, with none of the respective criticism to the remain parties (e.g. The surrounding Arab states and the USSR).

For that reason ir was hard for to me finish this book since the "guilty one" is already defined.

2 stars given because of the good first 2 chapters.
Profile Image for Luna.
137 reviews
August 7, 2021
I think this is an ideal book for anyone who already has some context of modern Palestine and the struggle towards liberation. I had zero context and I took everything slowly, but there was still a lot of googling and searching to make sense of it all, references, names, organizations, etc...

I still feel that Ilan Pappé gave us the "what you need to know" about major historical events and thoughtful analyses on issues like "the road to suicide" and radicalization, common American narratives told about this region in the world.

It took me a while to read as I was digesting this information and further googling. I watched a lot of companion videos to better understand and gain a deeper analysis, and will be referring to more texts and videos.
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
Profile Image for Maria Esther.
30 reviews1 follower
August 10, 2023
A necessary book to understand the conflict in the Holy Land, from its origins to its current situation. A book that is detailed and most importantly, objective, written by someone who is probably one of the best historians of our time, Ilan Pappe. It is a necessary narration that allows us to see why we need to stand with Palestinians in their struggle against the occupation and work together to strive for justice in the region so that all the people there can live with dignity and peace. 100% recommended for those who are interested in discovering more about the history of Modern Palestine (Israel/Palestine) without having to cope with biased one-sided versions and manipulations from either side.
Profile Image for Ryan Riot.
3 reviews2 followers
August 22, 2021
First attempt at diving into the history of Palestine and this book was recommended by a friend who’s studied Middle East poli sci extensively as a great starting point as Pappe, an Israeli himself, attempts to provide an unbiased history of the region from the 1800’s on (“Modern Palestine”).

Lots of information here and lots of detail. Agree with some other reviews that at times it’s a little difficult to follow as he seems to jump around between related events often not chronologically, however, I’m not sure there much of a solution to it as it seems this is related to the complexity of the information trying to be shared rather than a specific shortcoming of Pappe’s writing.
Profile Image for Danilo Lipisk.
247 reviews2 followers
April 11, 2024
Second book by Ilan Pappé (the second I read, the first was The Idea of Israel: A History of Power and Knowledge) and again I left with a good impression.

I still haven't met the angry Ilan Pappé, who asked for boycott from the very university where he worked and the Ilan Pappé of the bitter interviews from 2008 onwards and the Ilan Pappé who goes hand in hand with the BDS movement (this book is from 2004)

I will continue reading his work until I reach the current "Ilan Pappé". Maybe I'm so afraid to read his works because I reach the conclusion that he is most likely right in what he writes and says.

Next: The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine
Profile Image for Uğurcan Orçun.
23 reviews1 follower
February 20, 2025
The Palestinian conflict is far too complicated to be summarized in a single book, yet this book tries to be an easy read that touches on its gist.

However, almost every chapter feels like the story is only half told—not in a propagandist way, but by leaving out interesting details while dragging on the same paragraphs worded differently.

Ilan Pappe is seemingly the one person you would want to talk to about Palestine, but this book doesn’t really give credit to his apparent knowledge of the situation.

As a side note, it’s kind of sad to see Pappe’s hopes for the Palestinian people shattered irreparably
Profile Image for Leigh Jackson.
45 reviews6 followers
January 30, 2024
A really good survey of the last century or so of Palestinian history. For me, two high level takeaways are (1) that the peace efforts over the last half century have failed in large degree because they’ve taken 1967 as the baseline (thus ignoring the Nakba and the violence at the very origin of the Israeli state) and (2) that the default Israeli response to any resistance activity among the Palestinian people has been to enact collective punishment, which has been unproductive almost without exception.
139 reviews
July 19, 2021
Pretty interesting, though incredibly sad, history of Israel’s entrance into Palestine and their summary ejection of the Palestinians. This book, though written by an Israeli, is NOT sympathetic to the Israeli’s, detailing their abuses in tragic detail. Reminded me very much of USA’s treatment of the American Indian. Generally well-written, would love to take time to compare it to Shavit’s My Promised Land.
Profile Image for Viola.
15 reviews2 followers
August 29, 2021
Descrizione storica giustamente non imparziale ma dalla parte degli oppressi, come dice lo stesso Pappe, siano questi palestinesi, ebrei marocchini o israeliani in fondo alla catena alimentare (incredibile a dirsi, ci sono anche quelli). Completo senza risultare oscuro, uno di quei libri che in libreria bisogna avere, per quando qualcuno ti chiederà “mi racconti cosa succede in Palestina”?
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