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357 pages, Kindle Edition
Published September 11, 2022
In the towns and villages where Jews still lived, only a very few remained. The exterminations in the death camps in Poland were at their peak. Our commanders, except for Csutoras, made sure to mention this fact several times a day, whenever they wished to plunge us into despair and depression. Morbid feelings about the fate of our Jewish brethren gave us no peace. Today, when I hear Germans, Poles, Ukrainians, or Hungarians claim that they did not know that during the war Jews were being annihilated by the millions, I can only laugh. If in a remote Hungarian village on the way to Russia, everyone knew what was happening to the Jews, then they knew everywhere. “Good” news travels fast.
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In the areas where the train slowed down, and at the stations where it stopped, Slovak villagers asked us to throw our valuables out of the car. They explained apathetically that we were being led to slaughter. For the message to be clear, they made a gesture of cutting their throats. No one offered help; no water, no food, no helping us to escape. They had already taken over the houses and property of the Jews, and now they wanted what few possessions people had managed to take with them on their final journey.
In my role as an interpreter, I was also assigned to the Feldgendarmerie, the military police in enemy territory, which was part of the Wehrmacht - the ‘defense force’ the German army. The troops of the Feldgendarmerie ruled over the population and hunted Jews and the partisans. Later, when the German army departed, the locals would deal with defectors. Feldgendarmerie officers could execute German soldiers without a trial, not to mention Jews or partisans. The soldiers and officers of the unit were extremist Nazis who adhered to every period and comma in military law and were the last to surrender to the Allies.
These conceptions of religion had a decisive weight in the fact that almost no revolts in the ghetto was organized. Not in Munkács and not in most of the other ghettos; not in Hungary or in any other occupied country. The strong religious concept of complete dependence on God rendered the Jews completely passive.
I knew then, and it is clear to me today, that collective resistance could have been of great value. Half a million Hungarian Jews were concentrated in the ghettos and loaded onto trains, and this was accomplished with a relatively small number of German-Hungarian forces. Every soldier that met no resistance sent hundreds and possibly thousands of people to their deaths. The war was coming to an end. Any delay would have been welcome. Any commotion could have saved lives. In the ghettos it was possible to rebel. Later in the concentration camps, the possibility of rebellion became much more difficult.