Shattering the Great Doubt: The Chan Practice of Huatou

by 聖嚴法師, Sheng Yen

Huatou is a skillful method for breaking through the prison of mental habits into the spacious mind of enlightenment. The huatou is a confounding question much like a Zen koan. Typical ones are "What is wu [nothingness]?" or "What was my original face before birth-and-death?" But a huatou is unlike a koan in that the aim is not to come up with an answer. The practice is simple: ask yourself your huatou relentlessly, in meditation as well as in every other activity. Don't give up on it; don't try to think your way to an answer. Resolve to live with the sensation of doubt that arises, and it will pervade your entire existence with a sense of profound wonder, ultimately leading to the shattering of the sense of an independent self.

Master Sheng Yen brings the traditional practice to life in this practical guide based on talks he gave during a series of huatou retreats. He teaches the method in detail, giving advice for dealing with the typical pitfalls and problems that arise, and answering retreat participants' questions as they experience the practice themselves. He then offers commentary on four classic huatou texts, grounding his instructions in the teaching of the great Chan masters.

Genres: Buddhism

196 pages, Paperback

First published May 12, 2009

About the author

聖嚴法師於1930年出生於江蘇南通，1943年在狼山廣教禪寺出家，1949年從軍跟隨國民政府到了台灣，服役十年後，於東初老人座下再度披剃出家。
◎閉關與留學
小沙彌時期的聖嚴法師，已深深體會到：「佛法是這麼好，可是誤解它的人是那麼多，而真正了解和接受的人是那麼少。」其中的根本原因，在於弘揚佛法的人才太少，因此前往高雄美濃山區閉關六年，之後更遠赴日本東京立正大學深造，於1975年獲得了文學博士學位。

◎從東方到西方
隨後，聖嚴法師應邀赴美弘化，先後擔任美國佛教會董事、副會長，紐約大覺寺住持及駐台譯經院院長。東初老人於1978年圓寂後，聖嚴法師自美返台承繼法務，隔年並應聘為中國文化學院佛學研究所所長及哲學研究所教授，此外也在東吳大學及輔仁大學任教，至此展開了推動佛教高等教育的理想。

因為有感於美國弟子們的求法熱誠，所以於1979年在美國紐約創立「禪中心」，後來擴大遷址更名為「東初禪寺」。此後，聖嚴法師便固定往返美國與台灣兩地弘化，經常在亞洲、美洲、歐洲等地著名學府及佛教社團宣揚佛法，不遺餘力。


籌建法鼓山
1989年，由於中華佛學研究所及農禪寺的各項教育事業、弘法事業以及文化事業推展迅速，場地已經不敷使用，聖嚴法師於是在台北縣金山鄉興建了一座世界性的教育園區——「法鼓山世界佛教教育園區」，具體實踐大學院、大普化、大關懷三大教育，以作為實現「提昇人的品質，建設人間淨土」理念的基地。2005年，園區第一期建設工程完工，並舉辦落成開山大典。


◎普濟的宗教本懷
聖嚴法師以其深厚的禪修經驗、正確的禪修觀念和方法指導東、西方人士修行，每年在亞、美、歐洲等地主持禪七、佛七，為國際知名禪師，尤其著重以現代人的語言和觀點普傳佛法，陸續提出「心靈環保」、「四種環保」、「心五四運動」、「心六倫」等社會運動，提供現代人具體可行的人生觀念與方法。

法師是一位卓越的教育家，除了於1989年創建法鼓山文教禪修體系之外，又相繼創辦「中華佛學研究所」、「僧伽大學」、「法鼓佛教學院」，更積極籌建「法鼓大學」，為佛教教育開闢歷史新頁。

此外，聖嚴法師也是國際佛教學術界知名學者，經常應邀出席各項有關的國際學術會議。自1990年起，每二至三年召開一次中華國際佛學會議，以「佛教傳統與現代社會」為永久主題，集合世界各國傑出的佛學學者集思廣義，務求將佛法應用在現代的社會中。

聖嚴法師更是一位思想家、作家暨宗教家，曾獲台灣《天下》雜誌遴選為「四百年來台灣最具影響力的五十位人士」之一。著作豐富，至今已有中、英、日文著作百餘種，其中有些禪修著作還被翻譯成數十種語文，此外，更先後獲頒中山文藝獎、中山學術獎、總統文化獎及社會各界的諸多獎項。


◎展望與承繼
聖嚴法師為了更進一步推廣文化、教育、弘法及修行等悲願，多次與科技、藝術、文化等各個領域的菁英人士進行對話，乃至與不同的宗教進行合作，其寬闊的胸襟與國際化的視野，深獲海內外各界的肯定。近年來，法師更致力於國際弘化工作，參與國際性會談，促進宗教交流，提倡建立全球性倫理，致力於世界的和平。

2009年2月3日，法師因病圓寂，於2月15日植存於生前所致力推行的「台北縣金山環保生命園區」中，其未完的遺願，將由法鼓山團體持續推動下去。

Reviews

[Frank Jude · Rating 4 out of 5]

I never was drawn to koan study, but during the years of my Korean Seon study, the main meditation practice I was given by my teacher was hwadu which is the Korean term for the Chinese Chan (Zen) practice of huatou. This in turn is considered the "head" or essence of a koan and is a question that ultimately reduces to the question of the "Great Matter" of birth and death.

The late Chan Master, Sheng-yen taught both the "Silent Illumination" of the Cao-tsong school and the questioning method of the huatou. In this little gem of a book, he tackles the huatou. Considering the nature of the practice, it is less a "how-to" manual than a descriptive map to the approach to practice. As with koan study, Great Doubt (which I prefer to call Great Questioning), Great Faith (which I prefer to call Great Confidence) and Great Determination are the "Three Pillars" upon which the practice is supported.

Huatou is definitely NOT for everyone. I will soon be posting to my Zen Naturalism blog an essay on the two approaches to Zen Meditation: shikantaza and koan/hwadu study. As I mention there, which practice one takes up is determined greatly by one's temperament. But even, if like me, you do not much care for nor have a proclivity for koan or huatou (by the way, in Japanese it's wato but you rarely see that nor practice that in the contemporary Zen traditions) reading a book such as this can also help your sitting practice, whatever it may be. After all, sitting in Silent Illumination, the "Don't Know Mind" IS the mind of Great Questioning, Great Confidence and Great Determination, too!

[Dewaine Rester · Rating 5 out of 5]

as my practice is Huatou, I use this book often and find it very useful