墮落論（完整導讀版，胡晴舫導讀）

by 坂口安吾

當國家機器運作失靈，你我還是循規蹈矩，不去思考，不去質疑，不去挑戰，鄉愿地想做個「好人」、「善人」，豈不是相當於默默不抵抗地直接等死──寧為暴民，不為順民。歷經明治維新與西化榮景凋敝殆盡的敗戰社會，誕生於二十世紀初的坂口安吾與眾人熟知的太宰治同屬於日本戰後文學的「無賴派」。面對當時日本社會亂象，他們致力書寫人性的腐敗墮落，抵抗既定現實。不同的是，坂口安吾的寫作向度更廣，多產而博學，其評論對社會之影響力比諸太宰治有過之而無不及。我無賴，故我自由。1946年，日本宣布戰敗翌年，社會上出現寡婦再嫁、軍人從事黑市交易等保守派眼中的敗德現象，於是有人倡議要恢復戰前的道德秩序。向來語出驚人的無賴派作家代表坂口安吾，在短短半年多期間，連續發表〈墮落論〉、〈天皇小論〉、〈續墮落論〉等文章，挑戰人們不假思索只知盲目接受的傳統武士道，直言痛恨日本人以刻苦耐勞為美德，「不追求變化，不追求進步，總是憧憬讚美過往種種，當進步的精神偶然現身時，卻常會遭受刻苦耐勞的反動精神打壓」，甚至向國民高呼「日本人以及日本本身都應該墮落」。坂口以文字掀起的精神暴動，衝撞封建復辟的氛圍。坂口相信，實踐無賴與墮

Genres: Japanese Literature, Japan, Philosophy

147 pages, Kindle Edition

First published January 1, 1946

About the author

See also Sakaguchi Ango.

日本語
坂口安吾（さかぐちあんご、1906年〈明治39年〉10月20日 - 1955年〈昭和30年〉2月17日）は、日本の小説家、評論家、随筆家。本名は坂口炳五（さかぐちへいご）。
昭和の戦前・戦後にかけて活躍した近現代日本文学を代表する小説家の一人である。純文学のみならず、歴史小説や推理小説、文芸や時代風俗から古代歴史まで広範に材を採る随筆、囲碁・将棋におけるタイトル戦の観戦記など多彩な活動を通し、無頼派・新戯作派と呼ばれる地歩を築いた。

中文
日本作家，本名坂口炳五，新潟縣出身，東洋大學文學部印度哲學科畢業。早年性格叛逆浪漫，嗜讀諷刺喜劇及巴爾札克、谷崎潤一郎、愛倫坡、波特萊爾等名家作品。一九三一年以《風博士》一文躍上文壇，作品多呈戲劇及反叛色彩。

一九四七年以前創作以純文學為主，和太宰治、石川淳同為戰後新文學的旗手。這群人包括坂口，因為作品風格接近，在文學史上被歸類為「無賴派」或「新戲作派」，活躍於戰後文壇。此派書寫主題多揭露人類的墮落與放蕩，反抗既定現實，寧為人生的失敗者也不願踏入現實社會的殘酷鬥爭，構築出一種頹廢而浪漫的「輸家哲學」。

坂口亦讀遍古今東西的推理小說，並熱衷於其中的解謎遊戲。坂口後期的創造力十分旺盛，不論是純文學作品，或包括推理小說的大眾小說，為數都相當可觀。一九四八年所著《不連續殺人事件》為坂口唯一長篇推理小說，翌年得到第二屆「偵探作家俱樂部賞」（即後來的「日本推理作家協會獎」），其後曾改編成電影、電視劇上演。

一九五五年因腦溢血去世，得年四十九歲。

代表作品有《墮落論》、《白痴》、《肝臟先生》、《盛開的櫻花林下》、《不連續殺人事件》等。

Reviews

[Diana Trăncău · Rating 3 out of 5]

"To live, and to fall into decadence - that's the proper process. Is there any path to true human salvation outside of it?"

"Humans can never attain true freedom. The reasons? We live, we're destined to die, and we think."

"What is the attitude that people, humans, should adopt? In a word it is as simple as this: we must honestly acknowledge our desires and dislikes. When we like something, we should come right out and say so. When we love a woman we should let the world know. The conventions of polite society, the taboos on romance, the rules dictating the places of duty and emotion - we should strip ourselves of those fraudulent kimonos and stand with out naked hearts fully exposed."

"Decadence is, in and of itself, always a trifling, undesirable thing, but it does exhibit in an irrefutable manner a great truth about the human condition: each of us is alone. In other words, to be decadent is, always, to stand alone, to be abandoned by others, to be forsaken by parents. To be decadent is to accept a destiny where we have no choice but to stand on our own two feet."

[emil · Rating 5 out of 5]

looks like i have to devote my life to Ango Sakaguchi now!

[dudu · Rating 4 out of 5]

What about the end of the world tomorrow? He still want to eat curry pork ribs and rice.

[Matthew Zhang · Rating 5 out of 5]

This was the book that motivated me to get my shit together and continue learning Japanese. It is as universal to the human conditions as Man's Search for Meaning.

[Stefan Keys · Rating 4 out of 5]

This is one of the best and most underrated political essays I have read. The only problem I noticed is that it will be hard for someone to fully understand its significance and meaning without knowing the context. The essay was written after World War 2 by Ango Sakaguchi to give hope to the Japanese people but many of the things said there are true for all of us, regardless of where we live.

You can find the English translation at nanjousachi.com