In looking up The Buddhist Handbook: A Complete Guide to Buddhist Schools, Teaching, Practice, and History by John Snelling, I see that the “updated and revised edition” they are selling is from 1999. I wanted to check because my edition is the first, from 1991. With the fast-pace of our internet-age society, things go out of date quickly and so even with something from 1999, I’m sure that one of my criticisms still holds: the section on the ‘contemporary Buddhist scene’ is, by nature, always gong to be out-of-date and that is the major weakness of this otherwise quite good and valuable book.
The other issue I have is Snelling’s overly rosy view of Buddhist culture and a bit of a white-wash of some of the more egregious behavior of some of its ‘renowned’ teachers. That said, Snelling really hit the nail on the head when he enumerated some of the issues he thought would become most relevant and important as Buddhism entered into North American culture. First of these is the place of women in Buddhism. The tradition hasn’t exactly been fair or good for women, often spoken of as “the daughters of Mara,” and yet from the first, the Buddha had said women were equally capable of practice and realization. And indeed, over the following decades, women have taken to more teaching and writing and even the more conservative traditions are being confronted as Western-born Theravadin bhikkus have worked to re-kindle the female sangha that had died out in South-east Asia.
Even back then he raised the issue of whether the old hierarchic forms more reflective of feudalism or, in the case of Zen, for instance, Confucian filial piety and ancestral worship that led to a fetishization of the zen-master and lineage would predominate in North America. From my experience, it has taken a very long time for this to loosen, and it’s often taken scandal to prompt change – such as we saw with the San Francisco Zen Center and their creation of hired abbots for set terms of office to replace the single authority Baker Roshi had had, following the death of Suzuki Roshi.
Finally, as Snelling points out, often throughout its history, Buddhism has had a lackluster record in terms of social and political concerns. A quietist streak often predominated, justified by the teachings of karma and thinking of the social realm of human life as samsaric and hence by definition beyond reform. The Western Enlightenment values – however poorly enacted – lead contemporary practitioners to feel that solitary focus on “enlightenment” is “just not good enough,” as Snelling writes.
Overall, this book can serve as a fairly good “one-stop” introduction to anyone interested in learning of the breadth of the Buddhist tradition as Snelling avoids all scent of sectarianism, but also offers it in a way refreshingly accessible that most more academically oriented introductions are not.
In particular, his handling in Part 2 on the Indian background, the early years of the buddha’s life and his teaching career; Part 3’s offering of the basic teachings, practices and traditional world view and in Part 4 the further development of Buddhism in India with the rise of the Mahayana and Tantra followed by Part 5’s summarily survey of the spread of Buddhism via the Southern Transmission (Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Kampuchea and Indonesia); Northern Transmissions (China, Vietnam, Korea, Japan, Tibet, Mongolia, Russia and the Himalayan region) mostly still stands the test of time.