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这是真的吗:如何避免成为乌合之众

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避免成为乌合之众的关键,在于对现象和观点进行批判性思考;而对现象和观点进行批判性思考的关键,在于评判证据。

证据的证明力强弱决定着一个观点的可信度。作为一套评估证据的方法,批判性思维是一项可以通过练习熟能生巧的技能。

《这是真的吗》聚焦社会学领域,从批判性思维论证的基本概念和方法论开始,着重阐释如何运用批判性思维对观点进行思考和判断。通过对日常生活中有缺陷的论证、因对世界的理解不同而造成的认知偏差、由于语言的模糊性导致的理解偏差、由于证据的无效性导致的推理谬误,以及由观点发表者个人偏见造成的认知局限等主题的论述,帮助读者掌握对观点展开批判性思考的规则、方法和技巧,避免成为人云亦云的乌合之众。

208 pages, Paperback

Published September 1, 2022

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Joel Best

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Displaying 1 - 3 of 3 reviews
Profile Image for Kieran Lele.
15 reviews
January 13, 2022
An interesting critique on the field of sociology itself. It examined the academics themselves and the ways in which their own biases influence the field and their research. I agree with many of the takes, but some seemed a bit weak. He also made a large point of what kind of evidence created good arguments, but then used anecdotes as evidence of flaws in the field. Overall, it still made me think but I wouldn't read unless you're super interested in sociology.
Profile Image for Lesley.
76 reviews1 follower
March 13, 2022
There are spots in the book that I would rewrite if I could, as I think they are dated, simplistic, or potentially offensive. However, it’s a useful text for an undergraduate course.
145 reviews10 followers
January 13, 2023
印象比較深刻的是第6、7章。第6章指出社會學界的人容易欽慕物理學,並愛好使用複雜數學、統計學等工具,但是每種工具始終有其限制。書裡舉到一個的例子,有理論物理學家寫了引用一堆數學的文章,並投稿到知名社會學期刊,最後竟然還被刊出。他事後再跳出來說那文章全是唬爛,這打臉了很多後現代主義大師XD。這例子我記得塔雷伯《隨機騙局》裡有提到。另外一個是哲學欽慕,這一類社會學家喜歡漂亮的理論,喜歡使用很玄、艱澀的術語。最後一個是抗議欽慕,這發生在積極參與街頭行動的社會學家,政治立場容易影響他們的研究。

而第7章講到3個社會學家常採取的取向分類, 也就是樂觀vs. 悲觀、文化隊vs. 結構隊、局內人vs. 局外人。作者身為社會學家,也提到在社會科學的領域裡,社會學圈子的人在意識型態上尤其偏向自由/進步/激進左派。最糟糕的應該是作者在末章提到的現象: 連談論不同立場的研究、成果都成了禁忌,因為那樣會被人認為是在「責備受害者」。這是在審查意識形態,違反了批判思考的「針對證據批判」精神。

我覺得這本書的翻譯其實有點不順暢,但大致上還算能從脈絡推敲意思吧。整體上是蠻實用的小書,思考方法也適用於其他社會科學領域。但礙於篇幅,有些內容也無法更深入了。
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