In his author’s note, John Boyne states that “All the Broken Places” “is a novel about guilt, complicity, and grief, a book that sets out to examine how culpable a young person might be, given the historical events unfolding around her, and whether such a person can ever cleanse themselves of the crimes committed by the people she loved.” He also stated that “I have less interest in the monsters than I do in the people who knew what the monsters were doing and deliberately looked away.”
“All The Broken Places” is a sequel of sorts to his 2006 novel, “The Boy in the Striped Pajamas”, which was also made into a movie. One does not need to read the first one to appreciate this complex story.
In this story, Gretel Fernsby is approaching her 92nd birthday when a new family moves into the flat below her. When she befriends the boy and the mother, she is faced with a complexity. She suspects that the husband is abusing, physically and emotionally, both the child and the wife. What to do?
Boyne takes the reader on a ride of Gretel’s past. The first line of the novel: “If every man is guilty of all the good he did not do, as Voltaire suggested, then I have spent a lifetime convincing myself that I am innocent of all the bad.” So, we know Gretel has guilt; in the second chapter she explains that she and her mother escaped Germany in 1946; they changed their names. Her Father’s name was becoming a byword for criminality of the most heinous nature. Gretel narrates her story from the time she was a child to her absconding to Paris, running to Australia, and eventually settling in London.
Boyne uses Gretel to illuminate complicity in knowing something is wrong, terrible, and not doing anything about it, not taking any responsibility. In Gretel’s case, if she, at age 12, went to the authorities and reported what she had seen, could she have saved lives? Instead, she spent her life hiding and ashamed. At age 91, nearly 92, she must confront her culpability. Shall she turn a blind eye? Or, should she do something to help save the mother and boy, which could result in her being identified and humiliated?
Boyne writes a very complex character in Gretel. Like all humans, she has made huge mistakes, has many regrets. But she’s been kind, thoughtful, and good as well. She’s ashamed and has spent her whole life denying that she had any responsibility in her father’s life work, even when she knew it was wrong.
Boyne leaves the reader to contemplate Gretel and what you would do in her shoes. Furthermore, it leaves the reader questioning our own past: have we personally been guilty of turning a blind eye?