Keiron Pim’s new biography of Joseph Roth, Endless Flight, is a marvelous gift that was long overdue and certainly welcome. Interwoven into the story of Roth’s life are descriptions of the Weimar Republic, this difficult and dangerous period between the two world wars.
The history of Europe between the great wars is the armature upon which rests the complex personality and writings of Joseph Roth. Thanks to books published within the last two decades, Roth is now, rightly, being considered to be one of the great writers of the 20th century. His journalism has been recently published in two collections, translated by Michael Hofmann, mainly from short pieces filed with newspapers around Europe, most notably The Frankfurter Zeitung, with whom he had a long-lasting relationship. Roth drew on the tradition of the feuilleton, short reports no longer than a page.
The historian Carl Schorske described them this way, in Fin de Siècle Vienna: Politics and Culture.
“The feuilleton writer, an artist in vignettes, worked with those discrete details and episodes so appealing to the nineteenth century’s taste for the concrete. But he sought to endow his material with color drawn from his imagination…”
Certainly, and for many reasons, journalists of the decades after the turn of the century, still used the feuilleton to their advantage to captivate and amuse readers. Joseph Roth was one of the most skilled and adept at this method, and his work was in great demand.
Mr. Pim has correctly judged that a critique of Roth’s novels would help to explain this complex period, but also clearly delineate the life and struggles of Roth himself. Roth could never come to terms with his Eastern European heritage; Jewish assimilation into whatever country one would be living in was always a desperate problem, always unresolved, at least for Roth.
The novels, the details and characters of which are described throughout this biography, are crucial to an understanding of the writer. As Mr. Pim points out, Roth’s first book, The Spider’s Web, written in 1923, contained a very prescient warning about Hitler, naming him. The infamous Beer Hall Putsch actually took place shortly after Roth’s book was published. Roth was unwavering in his opposition to the Nazis, and was uncompromising with his friends.
In luminous prose, Mr. Pim describes the contents and plot lines of important books such as The Radetzky March and Rebellion. Roth’s relation to his birthplace, Brody, a small town in what is now Ukraine, was always extremely fraught. In one of his most moving and important books, Job, his descriptions of the town’s inhabitants are most certainly based on real life.
Between 1918 and 1933, roughly the period of the Weimar Republic, Joseph Roth was alive and well - at least in the beginning - and was influenced in many ways by the history of World War I and the artistic trends of the time. Antisemitism had an enormous effect on Roth, as one might expect, but he made many efforts to get away from his ethnicity, even going so far as to lie about it in order to gain Austrian citizenship. He moved to Paris in 1925 and wrote, at first, some of his most moving essays about France. But it didn’t last.
Today Joseph Roth is important, more so now than ever. Keiron Pim has shown us a complicated and disturbing picture of a great writer: a man capable of self-hatred, of great empathy, of self-destructive behavior.
Joseph Roth drank himself to death in Paris, 1939.