There has been an ongoing conversation that I have had with myself and a few friends over the years of being an adult, especially as a Black woman.
Do you think we (Black Americans) were better off without integration? Do you think we were better off when we were segregated to the undesireable parts of town? Why do you think people wanted to be integrated? What was the real problem we were trying to solve with integration? Was it equitable rights, civil right, resources, money, etc.? Do you think the majority of Black folks want to be in mixed company or do you think majority of Black folks want our own communities without the white gaze? Would you prefer to live in an all-Black community without fear of white intrusion? Would you prefer to live in white spaces? Why or why not? Why was integration at the forefront instead of just fighting for separate but equal? What do you think of all-Black micro-communities? Why can’t white people just let us live in peace? What is their fear if we are separate?
Moonrise Over New Jessup brings up a huge issue in the Black community that was heavily debated and easily one of the most talked about issues of our time as freed Black Americans. Separate but equal OR integration with equal rights. There is a valid argument for both viewpoints. On one hand, I believe Black Americans would love their own spaces without interference from white people. However, everytime we have something of our own, even when it was initially discarded and given to us because it was undesirable, white people want it back, or they want to be involved, or they want to benefit from it. On the other side of the coin, some Black Americans feel like we are entitled to everything in this country, since we built this country from the ground up on our blood, sweat, and tears, FOR FREE. That everything should be integrated and that white people will have to learn to live with us as neighbors for the rest of their lives, as we have earned the right to have equal protection under the law, and equality for all life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness.
As we all know, Brown v. Board of Education made segration in schools unconstitutional, and Black and Brown children were sent in to integrate these schools. Black Americans were integrating workspaces that had never before seen our kind. Everyone was uncomfortable I presume… going from Whites Only spaces, to now allowing Black people in those same spaces that have kept us out for so long. I assume, us Black people acknowledging that our ways, and things we have made for ourselves, are actually better for us, but since we didn’t have equal protection of the law, in order for that to happen, we had to be seen as equal amongst the white people.
Raymond, Alice, Percy, Matthew, Patience, and a host of others in this book make a case for both sides. Living in New Jessup, a Black community on the other side of the woods from white folks, is a Black heaven for all residents. They have a thriving community, successful entreprenuers, doctors, lawyers, police officers, teachers, you name it, they have it. However, reparations though, have not been seen at all. Sharecropping families had historically been taken advantage of. Black people migrated to the North for better opportunities, and organizations were ramping up for the civil rights fight of all time. There were significant issues that needed to be brought up, and voting and integration were a couple of the highest issues in the 50s and 60s.
The founding fathers of New Jessup wanted to keep the place the way it has always been. Black. The way they saw it was that separate was the best. Being separate allowed them to live in peaceful harmony away from white folks. They believed that the minute Black folks started asking about integrating, they were starting to agitate, and agitating is something that got white folks involved and created hostility for their way of life. However, white folks still felt entitled to Black people and abused their privilege to bully Black people into their demands. Threatening violence if Black people didn’t adhere to their requests. The founding fathers wanted peace. No violence. No threats. No white people. Once integration started, the white folks would be agitated, mad, and then violence would rain down on the Black community, all because we wanted equal rights, to vote, to stay safe. To live. Being separate was survival.
The children of New Jessup who have grown up in this environment for all of their lives, have now been debating secretly about what integration could mean. For some, integration meant that we would have equality. Be able to vote. Go wherever you wanted to go without segragated spaces. To not look down or away when spoken to by a white person. To not feel humilated. To be an equal peer. To live in the equal protection of the law as God intended. To have access to more things, better education, better housing, better jobs, more oppportunities, etc. Integration was hope.
However, Minnicks, makes it very clear in this book, whether separate but equal or integration, violence continues to visit us because we are Black. We have dug our way out of the swamp, both literally and figuratively, and still we are threatened with violence on every front, whether we conjure it up or not. White people literally will throw something away (i.e., swamp land) and not want it because it will not serve them, and when they see it thriving and successful because of Black people, will threaten and/or exact violence on us to get it back. Today we see it as gentrification, but its still there. Redlined areas that kept Black people from homeownership and generation wealth, is now being sold to white people at exorbitant rates to price Black people out of the very same neighborhoods those white people wanted nothing to do with before. They call it “urban living” now, when before it was just the ghetto.
There are tons of topics of discussion in this book, that I think could easily be discussed.
- Segregation/Separate but equal
- Integration
- Equal rights/civil rights
- Voting
- Systemic racism
- Worst of white folks
- Booker T. Washington ideology
- Black success/pride
- W.E.B. DuBois ideology (Talented tenth)
This story of Alice and Raymond and their families, made me really appreciate the community I grew up in. I also really had to think of what integration and separate but equal really meant for me. Though I grew up in the ghetto in a Black neighborhood, we treated our community with dignity and respect. Everyone watched out for others, and the troublemakers we watched out for collectively. There was no fear of white people cruising in our neighborhoods because they didn’t want to be there… probably thought they had to fear for their lives, but it was the safest place on earth I thought when I was a child. I went to schools with children who looked like me, and lived in a community of people who loooked like me. Seeing a white person in our area always raised concern, but they never stayed. However, as I grew up, and went to college (PWI), I saw how well kept their spaces were compared to where I grew up. I saw how much access they had to things I could only imagine in my neighborhood. The real problem was access and resources in our community. We didn’t have the resources or the financial access that white people had. Even still, I don’t think I had a lack for anything, as I was still able to “make it” outside of my neighborhood and thrive to the best of my ability. However, what is important, is that my parents were able to vote. They were able to get jobs in white spaces, where they had access to healthcare and benefits. We never lacked food, housing, or clothing.
Alice, who comes from a small southern town named Rensler, was looking for a way to get to Chicago, to live with her sister, after her father passed away. She didn’t have enough money, and only had a ticket to Birmingham, and would have to figure the rest out when she got there. However, she never made it to Birmingham. New Jessup, the city of Black heaven, captured her attention so much so that she stayed and made it a place of her own. She meets Raymond, the grandson of one of the founding fathers, who entices her, among other things, to stay in New Jessup and live a life she’s never known. As she is learning New Jessup, her involvement with Raymond keeps her busy and on her toes. Both, Alice and Raymond, come from different backgrounds, and both have opinions as to how Black people should be able to live in this country. There are secrets, promises, and revelations that keep them both striving to keep their family and way of life safe. However, who’s right and who’s being unreasonable?
New Jessup, is to Alice, the perfect world. However, Raymond wants Black people to have equality and his children to have access to things he could only imagine, and he thinks the answer is with the NNAS (National Negro Advancement Society). His views clash with his forefathers’ views because integration is not what the community was built on or for. Staying Black behind the woods, safe, and to themselves is what has kept the community thriving for 60 years. Integration will push them out of the woods and out of safety. The ‘old-heads’ don’t want anything to do with the NNAS, but the new generation, is quietly pushing the limits and trying to push for equality under their noses.
Overall this book is so very important to our constant work in the Black community. Though we are living in a post-segregation time, systemic racism is still at an all-time high. Homeownership is still slow going for many Black american families, and equal protection under the law is something that is still being fought for today in 2023! This book is highly necessary in our canon of understanding where we have come from so we know how to navigate the future, and I’m so happy we have a new voice on the scene starting this conversation over in a new light.
4.5 stars.
Thank you to Algonquin Books and the author Jamila Minnicks for this book in exchange for a fair and honest opinion.