This is a new investigation by St Andrews University and Cambridge scholars of the mysterious early golf-like Chinese game played towards a hole on open ground with a variety of expensive clubs and wooden balls. Starting with the first full translation of the original 1282 CE rules and commentary given in the later book Wan Jing , the relationship of chui wan to modern golf is closely analysed. The surviving illustrations of the game are reproduced and their significance The 32 rules of chui wan ... How to play chui wan ... Comparing chui wan and modern golf ... Chui wan and The Analects of Confucius ... Early stick-and-ball games in Europe ... Possible transmission of chui wan ... The Chinese birthplace of golf?: A verdict.
Anthony Butler is a professor of public policy at the University of Cape Town and a columnist for Business Day. He is a former fellow of Emmanuel College–Cambridge and a former director of the policy and administration program at the University of London–Birkbeck.