This is an incredible book of philosophy. It is unclear if the book dispels as many distinctions as it is normally thought that Dewey dispels (primarily in the eyes of Richard Rorty), but it is nonetheless a beautiful work of pragmatism. Many things were convincing. For instance, the move away the Kantian notion of a passive sensuality. In Dewey, instead, we find an emphasis on knowledge as a process. All knowledge involves action and interaction with the world. The interaction with the world is not via the understanding, as in Kant, but through literal interaction. The mind, it seems that Dewey believes, is embodied, and all results in mental content comes about through interaction with the physical world. This, to me, is a highly instructive thought. It clearly harkens back to Hegel's very pragmatic reaction to Kant's philosophy as being "overly subjective".
It is the subject-object distinction which makes Dewey the most Hegelian, but it is also where he is effective at dispelling the myth of passive knowledge. The world contains the subject, and the knowledge of the world is itself a part of the world. To illustrate this point he interestingly uses uncertainty principles in physics to show that all observation needs to be factored into our conceptions of the way things are.
But he also aligns with Hegel in holding rather idealistic positions. Knowledge is not about an immutable fixed reality, but about ever-changing properties and relations that we merely get a statistical control over. Our manipulation of the world is never certain, and as such, our knowledge of the world is never certain either. In order for there to be certainty, there must be complete control. When we view knowledge acquisition as a process taking place in a complex world, we immediately understand why no knowledge acquisition leads to certain knowledge. Any number of things can go wrong in any type of process. But this, to avoid the Kantian result, is in no way an indicator that we cannot know things. It is only an indicator that we cannot know for certain. So here Dewey is both anti-Cartesian and anti-Kantian.
For that alone, as a reaction to philosophy, for the restructuring of the whole field to move away from the immutable to being placed in a complex world filled with unexpected changes that operate under the uncertainty principle, this book deserves to be read. I believe many of the post-Deweyan pragmatists take his insights too far. For what Dewey himself does, I am very sympathetic towards. He aims for a secularization of philosophy, in my mind. Transcendent values are to be treated with skepticism, or as pointless fancy. What is put in its place are what humans construct through science, rite, society, convention, and so on. Dewey shows us that these are not of a lesser reality, but they are in fact the only reality there is for us to live through.
There are many aspects valuable enough for further discussion in this book. But perhaps I should just say that it deserves revisiting for a few key reasons. One is that it shows that knowledge and action are deeply interrelated. Another is that it shows that transcendent values are often poor guides for action, since they are not part of our immediate world. Another reason is that it shows that if we let go of some particularly troublesome assumptions about knowledge, many of the harmful distinctions philosophy operates under will dissipate (like the subject-object distinction, mind-matter distinction, and so on). There are countless minor insights all over this book, though, that make it worth a careful read-through. It's great!