What interested me the most about this book was the fact that I have lived my whole life, spent my entire educational life and my life as a parent without anyone ever giving me a clear picture about Socialism. To say the United States education system is all about indoctrination is an understatement. The propaganda against Socialism was and still is irrational and unrelenting. So to become educated about socialism - and really about capitalism too - is a constant struggle. I am trying not to drag this out too much but it cannot be over-emphasized. I did several economics courses in my life and not once were the concepts of socialism really examined. I did several political science courses and not once was the political system of socialism really examined - except for why “it can never work.” I never really believed that it could never work, but after reading this book I am convinced that it is a system worth arguing for, striving for and fighting for.
Earlier today a colleague of mine quoted an ancient philosopher Marcus Aurelius, “It is the responsibility of leadership to work intelligently with what is given and not waste time fantasizing about a world of flawless people and perfect choices.” I think in some ways I agree with Marcus and in other ways, serious ways, I disagree. I am going to outline my agreements and disagreements in the context of this book.
First, Marcus Aurelius wants leaders to work with what is given; this is the part I have the problem with. It does not account for two things I think are critical in a leader: 1) empathy and 2) a sense of justice. If a system is rife with injustice - and you as a leader have inherited that system - a choice to work with what is given is an acquiescence to injustice. If a system is dehumanizing - and you as a leader inherit that system - a choice to work with it as given is a validation of a death cult: where lives have no meaning other than to serve the very system that dehumanizes people.
So how does this fit into the book I am reviewing (oh please get to the point!). Actually in many ways. To understand how requires that one open one’s mind to a way of thinking that is perpetually vilified by the propaganda machine of the corporatocracy of the United States. So let us turn to the words of the author to help us understand: “socialism is a society whose top priority is meeting all of its people’s needs—ranging from food, shelter, and health care to art, culture, and companionship.” (Location 54, Kindle Edition) In other words, there can be a system which is more just and values human beings beyond their ability to make a few people rich. While I agree with Marcus that we will not find flawless people I believe people, and societies, are capable of the system Mr. Katch describes.
One of the things I remember very well about my economics classes is the issue of scarcity and how it affects prices, supply, demand and production. One thing my reading has taught me in recent years is that there are various ways in which the current capitalist system creates scarcity - purposefully. Some examples may be useful. First, food is not actually scarce - it is just poorly distributed because capitalists are not interested in ensuring that people’s food needs are met. A perfect example occurred during the current pandemic where food producers from dairy farmers to potato growers dumped perfectly good food because putting it up for sale would drive the price down. Meanwhile millions of unemployed people are lining up for hours at food banks. Milk and potatoes can be processed and dried and people can rehydrate and eat them. A leader would find a way to ensure food was distributed properly and people had the food they needed.
There is also the idea of planned obsolescence. A space station, in the harshest environment possible, is engineered so that it operates for decades. But you will be lucky if your television lasts five years. With all the advances in engineering we are left to believe that we still cannot make a car or a television or a washing machine that you would only have to get once? This is another example of false scarcity. Companies plan for their devices to break down and stop working so that people must continue consuming. What Mr. Katch is saying here is that with socialism the fraud of scarcity can be brought to an end. “According to the global charity Oxfam, the eighty-five richest people in the world have as much wealth as the poorer half of the world’s population. . . .Yet it is in this world today that more than seven million people die from hunger each year, even though it has never been more obvious where to find the money that could save them.” (Location 117, 121, Kindle edition)
As I look back on the preceding paragraphs I realize I seem to have forgotten my purpose here is to review Mr. Katch’s book and not to make the case for socialism. So let me point out one of the principal reasons I liked this book: it was readable and at several points humorous. For readability, take this next passage as an example: “The future of all life on this planet is losing to the short-term opportunity for a few people to make even more money. This fact alone should make the case against capitalism a no-brainer.” In these two clear sentences the author describes the epitome of the failure of capitalism. (Location 131) To his credit, he does this frequently throughout this book. It is written so that anyone can understand it.
Mr. Katch systematically assesses each of the main arguments for capitalism and against socialism. Part of the appeal of the book is its organization along these lines. For instance, he analyzes the two corporate political parties in the United States, “Millions of people find themselves classified as liberals by default, ranging from those who march against banks and bombs to those who bail out the former and drop the latter. That’s not a very useful category.” (Location 232). He goes on to say, “While Republicans are haunted by the specter of socialist barbarians at the gates, liberals mock their fears but ultimately believe that the existing system merely needs a few repairs here and there, even as society approaches ecological collapse and economic degradation.” (Location 239) He perfectly explains the positions of the two corporate parties: “Essentially, the Democrats are the loud guy in the bar pretending to be held back by his friends to keep him from going after someone he has absolutely no intention of fighting. (Location 777). . . .Conservatives are usually the ones arguing for “small government,” and yet they are huge fans of the vast armed wings of the state that make up by far the biggest aspect of government bureaucracy: the military, police, border patrol, and spy agencies. These are the state’s core functions, the repressive apparatus at the heart of every society where some have and others don’t.” (Location 834)
He breaks down the economic collapse of 2007-2008 in a way that I may one day use to explain to my grandchildren how things were in the “olden days”. It is simple but not oversimplified:
“In case you’ve blocked it from your memory, here’s a recap in four steps:
1. Financial institutions commit massive fraud that brings the world economy to a halt because not even the bankers know how much of their money is real and how much is fake.
2. The US government bails out the criminal banks with trillions of dollars.
3. The same government then doesn’t help the millions facing layoffs, foreclosures, and student debt because of the recession caused by the banks.
4. During this process, George Bush is replaced in the White House by the very different Barack Obama, and yet almost nothing changes. No piece of socialist propaganda could make the case any clearer. These four steps read like an IKEA instruction manual for how to assemble an unjust system.” (Location 291-297)
Mr. Katch puts it so clearly and the examples at home and abroad and throughout history of capitalist created atrocities continue in abundance. Just look at mass incarceration and the corporate prisons. Look at the pay for play legislature called Congress that is a caricature of democracy. Very little is hidden about the Great Recession, that era in our recent history. Still, he explains, “conspiracy theorists are so intent on searching the deepest corners of the Internet for hidden plots that they don’t see that the most obvious conspiracies—like world financial summits and voter suppression—take place right out in the open.” (Location 863) The system will still put a man in jail for marijuana - but do you think it is for the marijuana? If jail was for criminals there would have been a lot of bankers in jail in 2008 and the following years.
I come now to the point Marcus Aurelius raised about waiting for “flawless people and perfect choices”. This book helps us understand this. It boils down to how we see one another and the world. Before you answer, ask yourself how much of that is based on the propaganda you are fed, the fear you are fed each time you listen to news or turn on the TV or visit social media platforms. In the long quote to follow Mr. Katch explains what these sources of information would have us believe:
“Capitalism fits the way we used to live when we were wild: dog-eat-dog, law of the jungle, and all that. But dogs don’t eat other dogs, and jungles have many laws, such as maintaining sustainable ecosystems and individual sacrifice for the good of the colony. How come capitalism doesn’t involve any of that?
“The whole civilization-as-jungle thing is a bizarre concept. Why did we spend the last ten thousand years discovering fire, painting on cave walls, developing writing, building Rome and Timbuktu, and creating philosophy and astronomy if the whole point was to eventually figure out how to live like we were back in the wild? And how could we possibly understand what laws jungles have when we are so busy chopping most of them down to build more Cinnabons? Ever since the theory of evolution was laid out by Charles Darwin, it has been distorted into an illogical justification of capitalism known as “Social Darwinism.”
“Evolutionary theory holds that species are constantly in the process of changing to better adapt to their environment—which itself is also constantly changing. Social Darwinists proclaim that nature favors the strong over the weak, and therefore the gross inequality of capitalism can never be changed. You can’t have it both ways. If capitalism is the result of evolution, which is dubious—after all, giraffes didn’t evolve by writing economics textbooks arguing that longer necks will produce 50 percent greater leaf consumption—then it also follows that capitalism is not the perfect system that we have finally discovered for all time but one more phase of evolution that will eventually be replaced by something more suitable.
“Socialists are big fans of Darwin—not just because his natural history makes more sense than the Bible’s six-day create-a-thon, but also because it is a wonderful illustration of dialectics, a philosophical approach based on change and contradiction. Dialectics stresses that things are both what they appear to be and a mess of conflicts underneath the surface that might eventually turn them into something else, sometimes over millennia and sometimes in an instant. A seed is a seed until one morning it is a plant. A population of apes evolves into a new species of early humans. Societies are also in a process of constant change, usually slow and barely detectable but sometimes explosive as conflicts beneath the surface come bursting out.” (Location 367)
This very long quote, I hope illustrates two points I want to make about Marcus Aurelius’ idea above. First, we must challenge the systems to do better and to be better, and doing so is not a waste of time if we care to have humanity continue into the future and if we have empathy for our fellow human beings right now. To me that is the very definition of leadership - challenging the system not accepting it. Second, while Mr. Katch never indicates that there are perfect choices and flawless people; the quote above provides a way of looking at ourselves in a much better light than a beastial “survival of the fittest”. Evolution as a process means we can do better than this: “A society that rewards selfishness and punishes sharing does not work very well even for some of those at the top of the capitalist food chain—and it’s a disaster for the rest of us.” (Location 682)
It was not until I read this book that I had a proper framework for understanding the critique of capitalism beyond my personal sense of injustice when everything is designed to make the few resources the poor man has flow upward, ever upward to a small number of people in the world. Mr. Katch is focused on this too: “What Adam Smith brilliantly understood was that capitalism created a world of freedom. The part he got wrong was that the citizens of this world would not be people but capital, a parasite that uses humanity as a host body to multiply itself even as it weakens our own natural instincts for love, compassion, and possibly even self-preservation.” (Location 709) It was here, when Mr. Katch spoke about love, that so many other great thinkers in recent times came to mind. This theme of love is one raised by James Baldwin, bell hooks, Dr. King and many others. Later Mr. Katch goes on to say that, “the contradictions of liberalism, in which your freedom may flourish only at the expense of mine, may be resolved. Only through others can we finally come into our own. This means an enrichment of individual freedom, not a diminishing of it. It is hard to think of a finer ethics. On a personal level, it is known as love.” (Location 1934)
So I say to Marcus Aurelius that I prefer to defer to Frederick Douglass, “If there is no struggle there is no progress. Those who profess to favor freedom and yet deprecate agitation are men who want crops without plowing up the ground; they want rain without thunder and lightning. They want the ocean without the awful roar of its many waters. This struggle may be a moral one, or it may be a physical one, and it may be both moral and physical, but it must be a struggle. Power concedes nothing without a demand. It never did and it never will.” (Location 1182) This quote is a reminder of what must take place. Never, ever, concede to the negative influences that would have us believe that we are living in the best possible system when we know we are better than that. We can be better than that.
What have I left out of this review? You probably won’t believe me but there is still a lot more to this book than I have let on. I found it inspiring to read about an alternative because the system we are now facing - and have been facing for hundreds of years. Read the book, I am out of characters. #BLM