Atlantic Canadian writer Donna Morrissey has set her third novel against the background of the failing cod fishery in 1950s Newfoundland. Fishing was the mainstay of the island, the work that for hundreds of years had fed and supported families living in scattered and isolated fishing villages along the huge island’s coast. Getting around the island was difficult so fishermen settled as close to their fishing grounds as they could, clustering in small groups in scattered outport settlements. They salted and dried their catch when they caught it so fish could survive the wait to get to market. It was a difficult life. The work was hard and friends and families stuck together to support each other through hard times. This story laments the old way of life which disappeared when the waters were overfished and the cod almost disappeared completely.
Sylvanus Now is a fisherman living in Cooney Arm, a small remote group of houses by the sea. Sylvanus is the youngest in his family, his two older brothers Manny and Jake are married and have families of their own. They lost their father and their oldest brother Eli at sea and their mother Eva is haunted by her loss. Sylvanus loves the sea and jigging for cod and he hates school where he does not do well. Letters and figures on a page don’t make sense to him although he can easily determine the amount of wood needed to fill any given space. He finally left to do what he was good at, fishing. He loved the entire process -- jigging , gutting and splitting the catch and getting it into the brine.
Sylvanus falls in love with Adelaide a beautiful young girl from the neighbouring outport of Ragged Rock who hates the sea and the fishery. As the eldest in a family with many children, she spends her days scrubbing floors, doing dishes and laundry and looking after her many brothers and sisters. Her mother Florry always seems to be pregnant and the babies just keep coming, year after year. Addie does well at school and dreams of one day leaving the place where she feels trapped and unhappy. She wants to travel and see the world. Get away from the fish, the sea, the boats and the community where everyone knows everyone else’s business. Her only solace is the peace and quiet she finds at church when there is no one else there. She loves the quiet and the solitude. Her greatest need is just to be by herself.
When Adelaide is fifteen her dreams are cut short as she is forced to leave school and help support her family, working on the flakes where the cod is dried and salted. The fish catches are down and her father hardly makes enough to earn his berth on the boat. The work is hard and Adelaide hates the stench, the feel of soggy salt fish and the constant irritating flies. She has callouses on her hands, now reddened and scaly from the brine and she feels slovenly and unkempt. She deeply resents not being allowed to finish school; it was her ticket out of this place where she is so unhappy.
When Sylvanus promises to build Adelaide a house of her own and that she will never again have to salt fish, she submits to his charms. It is an escape from her own home filled with dirty dishes, diapers, squalling children and back breaking work on the flakes, a way out of the life she despises. But she will face many struggles that will test her in this union with a man whose devotion to the sea and the work he loves is unshakeable, even as he works tirelessly to give her the comforts that make her happy.
Although this is a love story, readers will find little romance on these pages. Instead they find the story of a young couple who grow to care for and love one another as they face short periods of happiness but also deep enduring tragedy. They are two very different people. Sylvanus knows his calling, while Adelaide remains angry and unsettled, still longing to escape the world of fish, her stifling family and the nosy neighbours. Meanwhile the world around them is quickly changing, forever affecting the way of life they have known for years.
Fishing is no longer focused on a single fisherman jigging cod in his dory. Huge trawlers are now fishing on the sea shelves off the coast. There are hundreds of trawlers out there, huge sixty foot vessels with thousand foot nets that are dragged indiscriminately along the ocean floor. They dislodge boulders, crush millions of fish and ruin spawning grounds and fish habitats while catching thousands of fish in their nets. Unwanted or fish damaged in this destructive process are simply dumped back into the sea and become food for the gulls. Many of the trawlers are captained by foreigners who are required by law to stay three miles out from shore, but despite the pleas of the fishermen, the government refuses to enforce the regulations, insisting there is enough fish for everyone.
The drying flakes are being replaced by fish plants, factories that offer good paying jobs to many of the wives who flock to them for regular paying work sheltered from the vagaries of the harsh weather. But it is not long before the increasing demand for fresh fish leads to more changes, with huge factory ships from all over the world freezing fish on board and delivering them to factories back in their home countries. There is more fish taken from the waters by ships from foreign countries than by the Canadians.
The fisherman can easily see there are fewer and fewer fish. The big fish are all gone. Some days they have to throw most of their catch back into the sea because they are underweight and some days there are no fish at all. It takes forever to get a decent catch. For generations fishing families have been pleading, begging and petitioning the government to scourge the ocean of the big trawlers that continue to pillage the sea, leaving destruction and waste in their wake and threatening their distinction of a way of life. But no one has listened. Instead politicians and government officials have continued to insist that there was plenty of fish for everyone.
Sylvanus and Addie struggle as their livelihood and way of life is threatened. The government entices them with “resettlement”, trying to gather families into larger groups to ease the requirements for expensive infrastructure projects such as roads and schools. As the politicians see it, there is no need for families to live scattered far and wide and close to their fishing grounds. The cod of the inshore fishery, once so plentiful, are gone.
Morrissey has created realistic characters in this novel, each with their own flaws and internal conflicts. Sylvanus and Addie are well drawn but a few in the supporting cast get equal attention. Sylvanus’ mother Eva is the epitome of the strong willed wife of a fisherman. She still scans the sea everyday watching for her lost husband and son. Even as the years pass, she still believes they will return home one day. And there is Suze, who irritates Addie and pushes to be her friend although Addie is always pushing her away. There are also Manny and Jake, Sylvanus’ older brothers, who also struggle to adapt and cope with all the changes in the fishery but want to move on, encouraging Sylvanus to join them as they see the old ways of life falling apart. But Sylvanus is a stubborn man and insists on sticking with the old ways, fishing from his dory and keeping his body close to the sea, resisting the temptation to get into longliners and trawlers.
Morrissey’s writing brings readers right to the island landscape with her vivid descriptions of the homes, the flakes and the wild beauty of the coast. She provides detailed descriptions of fishing, filleting, salting and drying the fish. But it is the dialogue, so well done in the distinctive Newfoundland dialect with its unique colloquial speech which brings the novel home.
It all comes together to create a beautiful and very compelling novel.