This review is for 'Smog', the English translation of Calvino's novella.
What an odd tale this is (but then, it is Calvino). The closest relation to it I've encountered among the maestro's works (and I've read most of them) is 'The Argentine Ant'. The protagonist moves to a new town where he encounters a menace with which the inhabitants have learnt to co-exist - fog/dust ('Smog'), hordes of ants ('The Argentine Ant'). Beyond that, I've read nothing else like it.
The protagonist leads a relatively easy life. He edits a magazine, Purification, sponsored by a rich industrialist, dedicated to solving the problem of smog but which nobody reads. And yet he is angst-ridden - about his posh girlfriend from another city discovering the circumstances in which he lives, about having to talk to the other regulars at the cheap restaurant where he takes his meals, about the constant noise from the cafe-bar below his rented room, about the dust.
The people around the protagonist find ways of ignoring the degraded condition of their world. His girlfriend, Claudia, pretends to see neither the dust in the city nor the semi-squalor in which he lives. His colleague, Avandero, runs from the city every weekend to go skiing, seeking the purity of the pure white mountain snow. His boss, Commendatore Corda, asserts that the pollution problem will be solved, without appearing to do anything about it. His dining acquaintance, Omar Basaluzzi, escapes into the fantasy of Marxist revolution.
The ending is bizarre and beautiful, finishing up in the countryside among acres of clean white bed linen. As for the meaning, I guess there's a morality tale in there about the perils of accommodation and inaction. I suspect it also reflects Calvino's unease about the state of our modern cities.