Great job covering the bases regarding diversity within ace/aro communities, statements on where the perspectives are lacking, and explanations of why such a book is needed to reach individuals who are not already in the community with a sophisticated examination of how meaningful ace and aro identity can be integrated into the self. The statements made about how terms are used and how their use of terms does not contradict or invalidate other uses is very well thought out; the examples used illustrate the issue very well.
In the first Basics section (Asexuality and Aromanticism as Complex Identities), I was impressed by how many very familiar experiences were catalogued in such a concise way. As an ace and aro reader, it was validating to see experiences mentioned such as being in a platonic relationship and having others insist it has signifiers of a romance even though the people involved do not consider those experiences to represent a romantic relationship. I also appreciate that they specifically call out how these perspectives on sex and romance have the capacity to be relevant in the lives of non-aces and non-aros and their communities.
Discussion of possibly problematic or outdated attraction models was well done; it's important to understand that these models have been used to understand attraction and may still be used for measuring or conceptualizing attraction, and that they can be quite useful in personally understanding oneself even if one can actually find issues with the presentation and identify aspects of each that "send the wrong message." Also, I appreciated the room this text makes for uncertainty, fluidity, and shifting labels. The point they make about aces and aros being frequently categorized as late bloomers and the effect that can have on us wanting to resist changing labels because we don't want to fall into those tropes is very accurate. I also like the discussion of "was my previous orientation label inaccurate/incomplete, or was it right at that time and I have changed?" Anyone can decide whether they think a new label applies retroactively or if they think they just shifted.
In Chapter 2, Community History and Culture contained some interesting history of the actual and potential pre-internet ace and aro communities. I liked that it pointed out that we have always existed and just had to figure out different things to call it, and that where we existed in historical figures it usually had to be summed up with behavior (e.g., someone was solitary or never married or was suspected to be gay even though there was no evidence for that either). It's also great that the importance of the bisexual community to providing a home for ace issues was highlighted; many people (including myself) have found their "not-queer-enough" struggles within the community and the expectation that they were doing it for attention to be quite relatable, and many of us who did not feel anything toward men that we didn't feel toward women might have mistaken ourselves for bisexual for years. The history of early communities and the language they used was interesting to read, though it wasn't new to me since I was there!
The bits on ace and aro community signifiers was really fun to read, too. I think someone who wasn't already acquainted with such things would be delighted to read through the historical and current forums, survey systems, and symbols associated with modern ace and aro people, and maybe feel that a culture is out there ready to welcome them. The breakdown offered for misrepresentation aro people experience in the media is more or less comprehensive and very poignant--everything's there from how aromanticism is conflated with asexuality to how it's used as a shortcut to suggest a character is childish or underdeveloped, including the tendency to only represent aromanticism with nonhuman characters in fantasy/sci-fi. It's also great to see it acknowledged that often a character who is known to be aromantic is not referred to as such in the canon materials, but only in external interviews or companion materials.
I appreciate that when in-group issues are explored, it's pointed out that just about every marginalized group also struggles with racism, ableism, transphobia, and misogyny--it's not some special issue for ace and aro communities, but we're also not exempt from experiencing or perpetuating them just because we might be marginalized on other axes. And the outline of in-group objections we sometimes see in favor of being more exclusionist is VERY accurate--I've seen all of those arguments myself, from "we can't use more inclusive definitions because THOSE people are doing it as a TREND and it takes away from the legitimacy of REAL ace/aros like me" to "my specific definition is the only real definition and words will stop having meaning if I accept yours too." And there are some great points made here about how traditional LGBTQ+ rhetoric is sometimes alienating for asexual and aromantic participants, and how INTENTIONALLY anti-ace and anti-aro sentiments sound and look.
In the next sections about identity development, I liked how concisely and accurately the stages of identity development for asexuality and aromanticism were summed up: "Ignorance" being possibly feeling broken or out of touch or thinking everyone else is making up their attraction experiences; "Discovery" involving how we encounter/search for and integrate vocabulary to discuss our experiences; "Confusion" relating to understanding that ace/aro identities exist but being unsure whether to apply them; "Exploration/Education" highlighting the importance of communities/interaction; "Acceptance/Negotiation" discussing someone concluding they're ace and/or aro and embarking on the question of where they go from here; "Coming Out" exploring how we communicate our identities to others; and "Identity Integration" going over an ace and/or aro identity becoming fully incorporated into a person's understanding of themselves, allowing them to explore nuances or contribute to broader concepts. A chapter outlining the stages introduces them, and then each stage gets its own chapter.
As we approach the first section on "Ignorance," we get some very accurate explorations of different assumptions aces and aros might make when their attraction can only be described by absence. I think most ace and/or aro people would be able to easily say whether they thought it was normal to not experience attraction, or whether they thought others' attraction was like their non-romantic or non-sexual attractions, or whether they felt different without being able to put a word on it. I also like the examination of how some people realize they might be ace or aro all at once when someone says something they can't relate to, or they might just gradually realize their orientation(s) based on building evidence over time. And a very nice nuanced bulleted list is offered of thoughts that might occur to ace and aro people as they develop their identity--from feeling above it all to feeling left out; from blaming their orientation(s) on some other aspect of themselves to believing they're broken or damaged.
It's nice to see a book acknowledge that typically sexual/romantic people conflate all their attractions and assume they all happen together, while ace and aro people may feel some attractions and not others and have to pick apart what they feel to understand it. I also very much appreciate that the book acknowledges some ace or aro people might guess that they are different from others because of feeling indifferent to certain ideas while others might be repulsed by them; there are many common misconceptions that all aces or aros would be horrified by sex/romance, and many other misconceptions that aces or aros SHOULD be indifferent--that being horrified would indicate pathology. The exploration of why aces and aros might fake their feelings and why they might push themselves into sexual and/or romantic situations despite lacking the usual feelings felt very authentic. How many of us asexual people have worried that we have to have sex because we're way too old to be a virgin, or have assumed that sensual attraction might as well be sexual attraction while wondering why it doesn't match up to what the media and our friends say? How many of us aromantic people have felt pressured into relationships because everyone around us made us terrified that being "alone" would be a fate worse than death, or have convinced ourselves that going through the motions of a romantic relationship will make the feelings develop and become real?
In the "Discovery" section, we get an acknowledgment that older aces usually went longer without having terminology for their orientations and lacked community for longer. It's noted that terminology isn't as omnipresent or even as likely to be encountered for aces or aros as opposed to other members of the LGBTQ+ community. It's also good that they mention the experience many have of being confused even after they find labels that fit, even though for some just finding the labels provides a lightbulb moment. And then there's the near-reversal, where people who didn't think anything was "wrong with them" suddenly discovers asexuality or aromanticism and thinks oh dang, you mean this is pretty uncommon? Crap! And it's noted that some people experience denial or reject accurate labels at first--it's normal if it happened to you. The advice offered in this section to people who might be at this stage is quite simple but validating. I particularly appreciate the advice to emerging aces/aros that they can take a break from exploring if they want to and don't have to figure it out or process it right away. The hints for allies are nice too--especially the emphasis on why no one (ace/aro or not) should tell potentially emerging aces/aros that this is or isn't their identity. Giving them the info and letting them process it is the way to go; trying to convince them they're ace/aro or suggesting you can externally confirm or deny someone's ace/aro identity is inappropriate. And spreading the word about asexuality's existence is important not only for aces/aros themselves, but for other people to be aware of it and become good supporters and allies.
When we get to "Confusion" about identity, we touch on professional help and that is both realistic and affirming; too often people use "wow, YOU need to GET HELP" as an insult or a way to invalidate, but accessing mental health services that are ace and aro informed is vital for some of us. Intersection of other marginalizations some of us might deal with is acknowledged here as well. The section expertly covers ace– and aro-specific experiences that many may not have thought of which can cause confusion for us, like low libido being conflated with illness and leading some of us to conclude "oh, well maybe I AM actually sick and not asexual," or having trauma in one's past and worrying our orientation is not authentic because it might be just a trauma-based aversion.
I especially appreciate that the section points out natural conclusions some ace or aro people come to that can confuse us, like people with low libido might push themselves into sexual situations or try to jump-start their drive and then regret it or be ashamed, and they might mistake their worry over not being able to feel attraction as intrinsically theirs when actually it's just a reaction to everyone else being so concerned about it. And sometimes the ace communities try so hard to emphasize that asexuality "isn't low libido" that aces with low/no libido might STILL think even within ace communities they're supposed to have a libido and they really are broken. There are so many familiar stories in this section. The emphasis on different aces and aros having different opinions and experiences with their identities is very appropriate; I really like that the authors are so clear about how aces/aros may choose the same labels for different reasons and don't necessarily separate all the different attractions out in strictly delineated categories because the lines might blur for them and that's okay.
A section on compulsory sexuality was well done, especially as it highlights expectations of sex in relationships (to the point that marriages are sometimes considered not "real" if sex doesn't take place) and examines societal attitudes toward perpetually abstinent people as LOSERS for being eternal virgins. And it's great to see the acknowledgment that actions coded as romantic don't make a person alloromantic if they don't do those actions in response to romantic attraction. I especially liked that a whole subsection on amatonormativity is in this book, highlighting how it makes people elevate romantic relationships above all other kinds of relationships and makes aro people think they will never find fulfillment in categorically lesser relationships. Aro experiences of dating are offered with much variety and inclusion of even opposite reactions to dating that can all be aro experiences. And that experience (not exclusive to aros, but probably shared by many of us) of thinking we feel attraction because we WANT it to be attraction is very relatable. This is especially relevant to my life. Some quotes suggesting it's harder to accept being aro than being ace match my experience too--I've never been unhappy with it, but sometimes other people who could accept that I wasn't into sex thought not wanting to date either made me a soulless, cold person. (One person literally told me my aromanticism rendered me "spooky, hardly human." Wow.) And queerplatonic and other types of partnerships get a little highlight in this chapter too. Hooray.
It is also really good to see an examination of pathologization and what beliefs about ace and aro people pathologization can give rise to, with the complicated acknowledgment that ableism is so intertwined with these attitudes and we actually might have some of the conditions or variations often "blamed" for ace/aro identities without them making the orientation simply a symptom, invalid as an identity. And graysexuality and grayromanticism are also examined here, pointing out that orientations aren't "all or nothing" and need to be understood as spectra, and the helpful advice that matching a definition on paper does NOT mean you must adopt it is appreciated. Some advice is given on how to handle shifting orientations (in oneself and others); I was particularly pleased to see the advice to adopt labels that describe you, not feel compelled to demonstrate the traits of a label you picked that no longer fits. And there are some great examples of intersectional identities that can complicate ace and aro identities, like what racial groups might be expected to be more or less "sexual," or how disability leads to fetishization or desexualization. There are even some tough examinations of why some aces and aros might not feel comfortable identifying as part of the LGBTQIA+ community, and under what circumstances a straight person on the ace or aro spectrum might still want to identify as queer. And gatekeeping is included as a subsection in a very effective discussion--of both how aces and aros might try to exclude others they think don't belong, and how people outside our communities insist our identities aren't real or don't make us queer/worth attention/special.
"Exploration/Education" highlights how important it is for ace and aro people to not only have a factual framework for definitions and terminology but also encounter real-life stories from other people with similar identities. Both are often needed to fully understand where one fits. It's acknowledged that many online communities are overwhelming at first but that they are probably the most likely place aces and aros can find important discussions and camaraderie that are relevant to them. The in-person group option is also explored, pointing out that usually aro representation will be within an ace group and it's possible allosexual aromantic people will feel less welcome since asexuality seems to be the primary focus. Still, many groups are welcoming to both identities. The issue of exposing one's identity depending on what groups one shows up to is discussed, and why that might be uncomfortable, and the pros and cons of going to ace/aro-only groups versus groups that welcome allies. Engagement with either can be difficult if one is still exploring (which also may be the time that one NEEDS the most support and information), but this book makes it clear that you don't have to be sure about your identity to check out these options and see if it feels right, and you aren't obligated to engage actively. And it's acknowledged that bigotry or harassment infiltrating spaces can have a worse effect in smaller communities, making them unsafe for people who really needed them; there are risks, but it's important to not lose hope of being able to safely engage, and to consider that usually the benefits outweigh the risks. Stories of very meaningful, vital relationships are shared here, many formed in online spaces. A small mention is given to aces and aros maybe wanting to engage the larger LGBTQIA+ community and why that can be beneficial even if there are NO other ace or aro members, since even being around people similarly affected by heteronormativity can be helpful and eye-opening.
In the "Acceptance" section, I appreciate seeing it acknowledged that people may process for a long time and not always conclude that an ace or aro identity has the same relevance to their overall life as another ace or aro person might. Some of us might conclude "wow, this revolutionizes everything about how I thought I was going to live my life," and others might conclude "yeah, it's good to know I'm ace/aro, but it doesn't actually change anything about what I'm going to do in terms of relationships, sex, or lifestyle." That might change over time, too, and some people may never be wholly happy with their conclusions or fully "sure" of how they identify. It's okay to be in flux or not get a "certain" answer. All identities are complicated and asexuality and aromanticism are just held under a magnifying glass because we're expected to be way more certain to be seen as valid. I also like that the book mentions that people who don't need microlabels may think it's silly to invent or adopt very specific labels, but that many people trying to define and understand themselves need that specificity (and it doesn't hurt anyone!).
I wrote a lot more while reading, but looks like I'm over the character limit! I will share the rest of my thoughts in a comment.