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羅生門・鼻 [Rashōmon | Hana]

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収録作品:羅生門・鼻・芋粥・運・袈裟と盛遠・邪宗門・好色・俊寛

京の都が、天災や飢饉でさびれすさんでいた頃。荒れはてた羅生門に運びこまれた死人の髪の毛を、一本一本とひき抜いている老婆を目撃した男が、生きのびる道をみつける『羅生門』。あごの下までぶらさがる、見苦しいほど立派な鼻をもつ僧侶が、何とか短くしようと悪戦苦闘する姿をユーモラスに描いて夏目漱石に絶賛された『鼻』。ほかに『芋粥』『好色』など“王朝もの”全8編を収録する。

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First published July 23, 1968

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About the author

Ryūnosuke Akutagawa

1,726 books2,270 followers
Akutagawa Ryūnosuke (芥川 龍之介) was one of the first prewar Japanese writers to achieve a wide foreign readership, partly because of his technical virtuosity, partly because his work seemed to represent imaginative fiction as opposed to the mundane accounts of the I-novelists of the time, partly because of his brilliant joining of traditional material to a modern sensibility, and partly because of film director Kurosawa Akira's masterful adaptation of two of his short stories for the screen.

Akutagawa was born in the Kyōbashi district Tokyo as the eldest son of a dairy operator named Shinbara Toshizō and his wife Fuku. He was named "Ryūnosuke" ("Dragon Offshoot") because he was born in the Year of the Dragon, in the Month of the Dragon, on the Day of the Dragon, and at the Hour of the Dragon (8 a.m.). Seven months after Akutagawa's birth, his mother went insane and he was adopted by her older brother, taking the Akutagawa family name. Despite the shadow this experience cast over Akutagawa's life, he benefited from the traditional literary atmosphere of his uncle's home, located in what had been the "downtown" section of Edo.

At school Akutagawa was an outstanding student, excelling in the Chinese classics. He entered the First High School in 1910, striking up relationships with such classmates as Kikuchi Kan, Kume Masao, Yamamoto Yūzō, and Tsuchiya Bunmei. Immersing himself in Western literature, he increasingly came to look for meaning in art rather than in life. In 1913, he entered Tokyo Imperial University, majoring in English literature. The next year, Akutagawa and his former high school friends revived the journal Shinshichō (New Currents of Thought), publishing translations of William Butler Yeats and Anatole France along with original works of their own. Akutagawa published the story Rashōmon in the magazine Teikoku bungaku (Imperial Literature) in 1915. The story, which went largely unnoticed, grew out of the egoism Akutagawa confronted after experiencing disappointment in love. The same year, Akutagawa started going to the meetings held every Thursday at the house of Natsume Sōseki, and thereafter considered himself Sōseki's disciple.

The lapsed Shinshichō was revived yet again in 1916, and Sōseki lavished praise on Akutagawa's story Hana (The Nose) when it appeared in the first issue of that magazine. After graduating from Tokyo University, Akutagawa earned a reputation as a highly skilled stylist whose stories reinterpreted classical works and historical incidents from a distinctly modern standpoint. His overriding themes became the ugliness of human egoism and the value of art, themes that received expression in a number of brilliant, tightly organized short stories conventionally categorized as Edo-mono (stories set in the Edo period), ōchō-mono (stories set in the Heian period), Kirishitan-mono (stories dealing with premodern Christians in Japan), and kaika-mono (stories of the early Meiji period). The Edo-mono include Gesaku zanmai (A Life Devoted to Gesaku, 1917) and Kareno-shō (Gleanings from a Withered Field, 1918); the ōchō-mono are perhaps best represented by Jigoku hen (Hell Screen, 1918); the Kirishitan-mono include Hokōnin no shi (The Death of a Christian, 1918), and kaika-mono include Butōkai(The Ball, 1920).

Akutagawa married Tsukamoto Fumiko in 1918 and the following year left his post as English instructor at the naval academy in Yokosuka, becoming an employee of the Mainichi Shinbun. This period was a productive one, as has already been noted, and the success of stories like Mikan (Mandarin Oranges, 1919) and Aki (Autumn, 1920) prompted him to turn his attention increasingly to modern materials. This, along with the introspection occasioned by growing health and nervous problems, resulted in a series of autobiographically-based stories known as Yasukichi-mono, after the name of the main character. Works such as Daidōji Shinsuke no hansei(The Early Life of

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5 stars
54 (29%)
4 stars
78 (42%)
3 stars
42 (22%)
2 stars
9 (4%)
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1 (<1%)
Displaying 1 - 16 of 16 reviews
2 reviews
May 8, 2021
A short, yet deep story. It gives a sinister feel of morals and what one is willing to do to survive. I really enjoyed this book, I recommend it to those who are looking for something deep and skin crawling.
Profile Image for Nancy.
46 reviews17 followers
December 31, 2012
この文学を読むことは大学性した時です。芥川龍之介が描いたのは、人間はどうあるべきかなどという理想ではなくて、命の現実だと思います。文学が理解にくいですが、三回読んだあとで、ちょっと分かるよりになりますね。
Profile Image for Kaz.
269 reviews45 followers
January 15, 2013
この本には全7編収録(「羅生門」「鼻」「芋粥」「運」「袈裟と盛遠」「邪宗門」「 好色」「俊寛」)されているが、私の持っているのは実は旺文社からの古い本でISBNも無く、5編(「羅生門」「鼻」「杜子春」「トロッコ」「侏儒の言葉」)しか入っていない。
Profile Image for Yuniar Ardhist.
168 reviews19 followers
June 15, 2021
Saya membaca cerita "Rashomon" dari kumpulan cerpen yang di Indonesia diterbitkan oleh Penerbit Mai. Ini adalah kisah tentang seorang genin (kasta terendah dari samurai, biasanya menjadi jongos, atau budak untuk para samurai, bangsawan, atau kuil. Ceritanya hanya singkat, dengan latar Era Heian, di mana saat itu ibu kota dipindahkan ke Heian (Kyoto), dan pengaruh Buddha mencapai puncaknya.

Di cerita ini, Kyoto beberapa tahun terakhir mengalami banyak bencana. Gempa, angin puting beliung, kelaparan, hingga kebakaran. Hampir seluruh kota porak poranda. Penduduk menghancurkan seluruh patung Buddha dan seluruh peralatan pemujaannya, kayu bekas patung, dan peralatan yang masih menyisakan cat merah dan serpihan kertas emas-perak, ditumpuk begitu saja di pinggir jalan, dijual begitu saja sebagai kayu bakar. Begitu juga yang terjadi pada Rashomon (gerbang ibu kota Heian).

Situasi sosial yang kacau, berimbas pada pemecatan Genin. Dia yang kehilangan pekerjaan, memikirkan bagaimana hidupnya kemudian. Dan berpikir untuk tetap jujur dan benar, atau menjadi pencuri agar tidak kelaparan. Di tengah persimpangan pikiran ini, ia melihat seorang perempuan tua yang sedang mencabuti rambut dari mayat perempuan, untuk dijual sebagai rambut palsu. Perempuan tua ini merasa tidak sedang melakukan kesalahan, karena yang ia lakukan untuk bertahan hidup. Dan katanya, semasa hidup, perempuan yang diambil rambutnya adalah orang yang juga menipu para pengawal istana. Sehingga, yang ia lakukan sekarang akan dimaklumi oleh si perempuan yang telah menjadi mayat.

Ini membuat Genin berpikir tentang situasinya yang juga dilanda kesusahan. Akhirnya ia berpikir dengan cara yang sama dengan perempuan tua, dengan merampok paksa baju milik perempuan tua itu. Dan berkata bahwa ini jika tidak melakukannya, ia akan mati kelaparan.

Ini semacam 'dark-jokes' yang dibuat dalam adegan curi-mencuri. Membenarkan sebuah tindakan salah dengan menggunakan dasar kejadian lain yang sebenarnya tidak juga bisa dibenarkan, tapi ditabrakkan dengan situasi yang dirasa tidak mungkin bisa lebih baik dari pilihan untuk melakukan kesalahan itu. Menjadi lucu ketika akhirnya alibi yang dibuat dengan harapan akan menyelamatkan, justru berbalik dan menjadi masalah bagi yang membuat alibi. Haha...

Cerita yang juga terdapat di buku ini adalah "Hidung". Ini karikatural sekali, haha..tentang seorang pendeta yang memiliki bentuk hidung tidak biasa. Memanjang 15 cm, menjuntai ke bawah, melewati mulut dan hampir dagu. Ia merasa resah dengan hidungnya yang tidak biasa, di sisi lain ia merasa salah sebagai pendeta ia meresahkan soal hidungnya. Sebuah paradoks dalam jiwa manusia. Namun, semakin ingin tidak dipikirkan, semakin pula ia pikirkan. Akhirnya ia meminta muridnya untuk mencari cara 'menormalkan' hidungnya tetapi justru membuat ia merasa ditertawakan orang. Bukan malah bahagia, malah lebih sedih. Ketika akhirnya ia mendapatkan hidungnya kembali panjang, justru di sana ia bahagia dan merasa tidak akan ditertawakan orang. haha..ini mirip sifat manusia pada umumnya.
Profile Image for Sapphire Detective.
787 reviews6 followers
October 12, 2026
A short bleak story about desperation that I read because I watched the Kurosawa movie for the first time in about a decade (printings of this and "In a Grove" are included in the Criterion booklet). Worth the read, though I like the version told as the frame narrative in Kurosawa's film a bit better.

My rating: 4/5
Would I own/re-read?: Maybe?
TW: Poverty, Death, Plague
Does the animal die?: There's references to dead animals.
Profile Image for Aida.
20 reviews1 follower
November 29, 2021
I haven't read too much from him yet, and of course I have read translations but he has something, this gloomy slick aftertaste in all his works I have read so far. This story really makes you think. I enjoyed the dark horror ish vibes in it
Profile Image for Makenzie Johnson.
12 reviews
July 30, 2026
When our basic needs are not met, we devolve a bit-we are not a unified species but adopt a “dog-eat-dog” mentality. Things we never saw ourselves stooping to become the only way, and it’s hard to understand that reality til you’re there.
6 reviews
August 27, 2024
Rashomon is a story about different people telling the same event in different ways. I was confused because I don't know who's telling the truth. this was a story made me think.
Profile Image for Viki.
28 reviews1 follower
Read
October 4, 2024
no me aparece la edición pero fue este y "en el bosque" y la verdad que god quién me permuta más akutagawa tengo mano de obra y un gato
122 reviews2 followers
April 18, 2026
⛩️Knjiški izazov u vidu čitanja japanske književnosti iz 19. stoljeća je zaista bio izazov. Uprkos malom obimu knjižice sve mi je bilo neobično... Stil pisanja, koncept proze, tuđa daleka tradicija i kultura, elem probala sam, ali neću brzo pohrliti u nove epizode ovih tema.

Hvala lijepa.

🇯🇵 Imala sam zaista želju vidjet o čemu je riječ, ali mi je tokom čitanja bilo pomalo dosadno i zahtijevno. Znajući za ekranizaciju (koju nisam gledala) računala sam na veoma dinamičnu i zanimljivu radnju. Računavši na japansku kulturu očekivala sam filozofiju i simboliku. Očekivala sam sve to u nekom pitkom kontekstu, ali nismo se razumjeli 🫣 meni će ostati asocijacija na uši (da ne bude zbunjoze razvucite prvo slovo riječi, ne mislim na množinu uha, nego na uš).

👤Pročitala sam kratko o autoru i njegova biografija mi je bila interesantnija možda nego sama knjiga.

Da poentiram knjigu ne obezvređujem, ali nije ono što odgovara mom književnom ukusu.

Naprotiv, uzevši u obzir autorovu mladost i mentalno stanje njegove priče su vanserijske, ali ja sam trenutno za neke domaće vanserijske proizvodnje. Daleko je Japan

🤺Izdvojeni redovi

🪶O prolaznosti ljudskog života

"Doista, ljudski je život prolazan poput jutarnje rose ili bljeska munje."

🪶O ubijanju

"Kad je žena ugrabljena, njezin muž ionako mora biti ubijen. Kad ubijam, upotrebljavam sablju koju nosim o pasu. Jesam li ja jedini koji ubija ljude? Vi, vi ne upotrebljavate svoju sablju. Vi ljude ubijate svojom moći, svojim novcem. Ponekad ih ubijate uz izgovor da to činite za njihovo dobro. Istina je da oni ne krvare. Oni su u najboljem zdravlju, ali svejedno, vi ste ih ubili. Teško je reći tko je veći grešnik, vi ili ja."

🪶O slabosti žene

"Bez oružja i najvještija je žena bespomoćna."
Profile Image for Nutnithi Aroonrungsri.
17 reviews
June 14, 2025
หลังจากอ่านจบ โดยรวมเป็นเรื่องที่อ่านสนุกและเพลินเพราะเป็นเรื่องสั้นรวมกันหลายเรื่องในเล่มเดียว

แต่…ก็มีความยากตรงที่มีการเชื่อมโยงเกี่ยวกับประวัติศาสตร์และศาสนาเพราะอ้างอิงมาจาก Konjaku Monogatari (今昔物語) ทำให้ต้องตรวจสอบคำศัพท์และที่มาระหว่างอ่านพอควร 😓

ถ้าคนที่ชื่นชอบเรื่องสั้น นับว่า ห้ามพลาดผลงานนี้ !! 💪
Displaying 1 - 16 of 16 reviews