An interesting collection of short journalistic pieces from the author's 40 day trip in China in the summer of 1972. She is a perceptive observer of the realities of everyday life in the places she is able to see, to the extent that she was able to see them through the net of government-sponsored guides and interpreters.
As she points out, having observed the country at first hand in the 1930s and then 40 years later, "the elimination of [misery and abject want, famine and routine death from starvation, pervasive disease, normal thievery, pervasive graft and corruption] in Communist China is so striking that negative aspects of the new rule fade in relative importance." Elsewhere she states that the material realities of China were of a different historical period than the synchronous United States, and that the 'communism' of the Chinese stands in direct continuity with the communal way of life which has prevailed for most of the populace for most of the nation's history.
The collection is anchored by her essay, "If Mao had come to Washington", which uses that counterfactual to expound on the way that the 1940-1972 US foreign policy towards China was formulated. Ambassador Hurley comes off poorly in this, as he does in her work on Stilwell; but the responsibility for his assignment and for trusting him rest with a dying and overburdened FDR. In Stilwell, Tuchman repeatedly echoes that general's belief that the Chinese citizen can be the equal of any in the world, but that the moribund civilization that he suffers under is in need of a great regenerative idea. While making no case that Communism is the best of all possible ideals, Tuchman appears convinced by the evidence that it is the best the peasantry has ever been offered. By giving 'the masses' reason for self-confidence and tools for even marginal self-government, the communist government effected "one of the greatest bootstrap operations in history".
"History will continue to present us with problems for which there is no good and achievable solution. To insist that there is one and commit ourselves to it invites the fate set apart for hubris... If wisdom in government eludes us, perhaps courage could substitute - the moral courage to terminate mistakes."