Mark Kurlansky does several things very well: research and storytelling are high on that list. Oh, add writing engagingly to that list. In what is essentially a biography of Gloucester, Massachusetts, this New York city resident writes as if he were a life long resident of Gloucester and was writing from memory. While this is impressive, it is not surprising; it is his style and it shows in his earlier works I have read: Cod, and also Salt. He employs his excellent research to expand the story from the immediate subject to the connecting threads, delivering a story that extends beyond the expected frame.
He capsulizes his introduction to the community as follows: "Gloucester, a city built by a sea full of fish, is not like any other. It is an old Puritan New England town, one of the oldest, populated by Irishmen, Scandinavians, Jews, Portuguese [really Azoreans], and Sicilians-- all the people who came here to work in the fishing industry. It is known for its eccentric inventors who came to test their ideas here, for its great painters, sculptors, and poets, its settlers and its adventurers.'
Fishing was the reason for founding the city, and has been its life blood. But Kurlansky notes, "Fishing and the culture of fishing, an ancient trade and a way of life that has defined coastal towns throughout history, are vanishing from the Atlantic."
After bringing this city to life for the reader, the biographer becomes journalist to describe the threat facing not only Gloucester but similar coastal towns in Europe, and around the world. The threat is the possible disappearance of the fish due to overfishing, pollution, and habitat damage from fishing's changing technology. He describes the ineffective mix of government regulation and inept science that was meant to save the fisheries, but, in practice is making the situation worse.
The handling of the by-catch pro0blem is illustrative. Fishermen target a particular species or type of fish when they go out, cod, or halibut, for instance. When they fish, either with baited hooks or with trawl nets, they capture other species as well. it may be the fish that the target fish are feeding upon. As regulations have limited the amount of a species that may be landed, the fishermen are forced to discard the non-target fish, the by-catch, and throw them back into the sea. The by-catch is dead and could be used for food, but must be wasted. The fishermen oppose this practice which is required by the regulators. One fisherman is quoted as saying; " I still believe the science is pure and not influenced by a hidden agenda. The scientists do a lot of great work. The environmental groups' purpose is to get more funding, but the scientists who work for the government do a lot of great work. But unfortunately I still believe they don't know shit. When they look at all the computer-generated models and science, in twenty-five years they will see that it was an exercise in vo0doo." Many fishermen recognize, also, that some of their fellows are part of the problem, accepting new technology that harms habitat and increased the harvest above sustainable levels.
A fisheries expert identifies several problems including not counting the by-catch: "Shrimpers catch cod [as by-catch], but the working group on shrimp does not send data to the working group on cod." Kurlansky notes that the species-by-species approach is "one of the greatest problems in fishery management."
The author draws the parallels between Gloucester and its counterpart towns in Europe on the Atlantic coast. The fishing culture is quite similar, the threat of overfishing exists on both sides of
the Atlantic, government regulatory efforts are also a problem abroad, and the communities face similar pressures from tourism development disrupting the fishing industry. Some Goodreads reviewers, however, noted they did not understand why Kurlansky wrote of the overseas situation.
Kurlansky notes the hope of some Gloucester residents that despite the threats, "It is still going to work out well." He questions whether this may not be "the last fish tale," in this town of many stories.
His thoughtful conclusion considers the concern of scientists for the loss of biodiversity in the sea. He raises another consideration, writing, "But intertwined with the issue of biodiversity is the idea of sociodiversity--social diversity. Each culture, each way of life that vanishes diminishes the richness of civilization and makes it more difficult for civilization to prosper."
As usual, Kurlansky provides a polished, informative book for his readers. Both the local history and the global environment threat he details may appeal to a wide range of readers. It is recommended for them.