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The Life and Times of Theodore Roosevelt

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A brilliant reappraisal of the first of the modern presidents.

546 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1961

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About the author

William Henry Harbaugh

4 books1 follower
William Henry Harbaugh received his A.B. degree at the University of Alabama, his A.M. at Columbia University, and his Ph.D. at Northwestern University. A veteran of World War II, he taught at the University of Maryland, the University of Connecticut, and the University of Virginia. His biography of John W. Davis was a finalist for the National Book Award for Biography and a runner-up for a Pulitzer Prize.

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Displaying 1 - 12 of 12 reviews
Profile Image for Steve.
340 reviews1,197 followers
March 28, 2015
http://bestpresidentialbios.com/2015/...

“Power and Responsibility: The Life and Times of Theodore Roosevelt” is William Harbaugh’s 1961 biography of the twenty-sixth president. For at least three decades it was considered the single best biography of Roosevelt, and it remains a favorite of many historians. Harbaugh was an avid scholar of TR and a professor for several decades. He died in 2005 at the age of eight-five.

The reason for this biography’s sterling reputation is quickly clear. It is sober, thoughtful, penetrating and often quite interesting. And while it serves to rehabilitate TR’s legacy (which was mixed in the decades after his death) contemporary readers will find it uniquely balanced in its coverage.

Enhancing its early sense of balance, Harbaugh is rarely shy about noting the perspectives of earlier biographers – including Henry Pringle (who was notoriously critical of TR) and John Blum (who authored a brief but exquisitely insightful study of Roosevelt). These references sometimes underscore a point Harbaugh is making, but equally often serve to highlight a difference in opinion.

Among Harbaugh’s key strengths is his ability to observe, analyze and astutely describe characters to the reader. Not only is Roosevelt himself insightfully examined, but key figures of his era are also incredibly well-conveyed. Almost unique among biographers, Harbaugh is able to perfectly capture a person’s essence in a few decisively penetrating sentences – giving the reader a sense he could well be a former FBI profiler or forensic psychologist.

While most of the book was praiseworthy in one way or another, the best chapters were those on the coal strike of 1902, Roosevelt’s perspective on foreign affairs and diplomacy and his efforts to initiate construction of the Panama Canal.

But while comprehensive in scope, much of Roosevelt’s life is covered too quickly – or hardly covered at all. Theodore’s interesting and formative early years are reviewed so expeditiously that he is already a New York State Assemblyman by the book’s twenty-fourth page.

And the next decade-plus of his life (including his time in the Dakotas, as a Civil Service Commissioner and as a NYC Police Commissioner) is covered with only slightly less efficiency. Consequently, the reader also misses much of his early adulthood – a time when his character was evolving, and maturing, rapidly.

Other fascinating periods of Roosevelt’s life also receive just brief examination: his campaign for mayor of New York, the circumstances surrounding his second marriage, his post-presidential African safari and his seminal South American adventure. Most critically, there is never much focus on his family or personal relationships.

But Harbaugh does not set out to provide a dramatic, day-to-day account of every element of Roosevelt’s life; that is left to future biographers. Instead, he is focused on providing a careful, serious and thoughtful review of the most important aspects of TR’s public career. There is, to be sure, an intriguing mix of drama and suspense in this biography – but principally in the sphere of politics and not in Roosevelt’s personal life.

Overall, William Harbaugh’s biography of Theodore Roosevelt is an excellent early examination of this fascinating president. It covers the most important elements of his career with great skill and care but moves quickly past the periods which provide the most texture and the richest hues. For most readers, Harbaugh’s biography will make a better second biography of Roosevelt than first – but it is abundantly clear why this was the standard TR biography for decades.

Overall rating: 4 stars
Profile Image for Campbell Stites.
59 reviews2 followers
April 28, 2025
I forewent a few days of studying for finals to finish this book and am really glad I was able to before April ended. Theodore Roosevelt is one of the most unique characters in American History and this book encapsulates a lot of that through a political lens. Harbaugh wrote this book in 1975 so the language is 50 years old and a man of his academia is bound to have some difficult chapters, and there were, but overall, he kept it readable and I enjoyed learning new words and concepts throughout this book, readability 7.5/10. This book had me very engaged in the latter half of the book, but the first half was a bit slow for me. Although Harbaugh covered a lot I feel as if he really dug deep into certain aspects of Roosevelt’s life that caused the chapters to drag a bit and be hard to follow. The 2nd half, when he covered Roosevelt’s presidency, the passing of the torch, and his reemergence was fabulous, and really had me speeding through pages, 7.75/10. For depth, I knew going into this that I would be left unsatisfied with Roosevelt, and I would say that I am on his personal life and adventures, but feel that I got a heavy helping of his political life. Harbaugh really dug deep into every single political move that TR made and it was evident. Although, I would’ve loved to read more about his adventures and his relationship with his family, that will have to be fulfilled with another book, 8.5/10. Overall, this is definitely a book that will stand out in this journey and it is partially due to the writing but mainly due to its subject. Harbaugh had a very analytical view of Roosevelt which was very interesting to read, but doesn’t stand out as the best in any capacity in this series. Overall Rating: 8/10. Well, Theodore Roosevelt. I mean, what an absolute mystery of a man. There is so much I want to understand and comprehend about him that I just can’t. He is truly the greatest reformer president up until the 30s probably, and he had one of the most exciting lives out of anyone I’ve read about. He fought in the Spanish-American War, he was Governor, Vice President, President for almost 2 terms, and then a 3rd party candidate. There are so many aspects of his career that I am missing too. He was a made that paved the way for a lot of changes in American and our nation should be forever grateful, 9.25/10. I’m not going to list out all of his accomplishments but please look them up. For greatness, I mean, I’m not sure anyone compares. Just pure grit and determination, TR is on a whole different planet and it’s hard to understand where it came from. Again, there is so much that I want to write, but I’ll just say that his zeal for life and his passion for what he did is truly inspiring, 9.25/10. Crazy that I was reading about WWI in this book, just wild to see how far we’ve come. This book seems like a page to a completely new era of American history that I can’t wait for. Like I said, Theodore Roosevelt is someone I will 100% be coming back to. Till Next Time Bull Moose.
Profile Image for Jeff.
293 reviews28 followers
June 17, 2018
A series of adventures from start to finish, William Harbaugh's work is a thorough, detailed look at the life of the 26th president. What David McCullough calls, "much the best one-volume biography of TR," it sadly seems to rush through the story of a man whose every decade of life could be its own book. I missed the absent photographs in this edition, that I've come to expect in presidential biographies, as they help enormously in revealing the whole story. I also missed periods, as this is reprinted from a previous edition, and the copying left a lot to be desired. As for the work itself, I was distracted at times by the author's excessive use of "salutary," as well as the President's constant use of "peculiar" in his speeches and writings, but really I encountered nothing detrimental. A great read, but I want more TR, and I'm hoping McCullough will follow his Mornings on Horseback with another on the Colonel.
Profile Image for Bryan.
90 reviews3 followers
December 24, 2023
A non-biased in-depth look at a popular and for good reason game-changing president of the United States.

His uncontrolled ego may have cost him some followers in his later years but they were much needed to end the deadly poison that was the guilded age. He needed his ego and his personality for fighting to fight back against his own party and business to break the big trust and businesses. To make the government work for the people instead of the people working for the government.

TR is easily top 5 presidents of all time. The only reason I wouldn't put him at the very top would be his foreign policy. I believe his Nobel Peace prize for ending the Russo-Japaneese war has been over exchagerated. The Japaneese should have gotten more for their win but TR talked Japan out of this and kept Czar Nicholas in power longer thus setting up the communist take over.
He also boxed himself in as well with Japan with the China Open Door policy which other presidents would continue. This would eventually lead to WWII and the current state of China.
The dollar diplomacy was awful for South America and other countries and put US on a low moral ground.

Also, it's crazy to think just how much this man had influenced the country when majority of his policies from the 1912 election were implemented by the opposing party. Not to mention his attack on the courts to stop ruling from a pure business perspective.

A+ president

5/5 star book. There are so many books out there about certain times during TRs life but the author does a great job trying to sum up all of this into a 1 volume. Sure some details could of been expanded but there are books that cover that detail if needed.
Profile Image for David Maywald.
Author 1 book1 follower
March 23, 2026
William H. Harbaugh’s Power and Responsibility: The Life and Times of Theodore Roosevelt (first published in 1961) is a classic, single-volume Roosevelt biography that helped set the “serious” standard for decades: briskly narrated, politically literate, and written with enough sympathy to understand Roosevelt’s appeal—without turning him into a plaster saint.

What the book covers

Harbaugh tracks Roosevelt’s life as an unfolding lesson in how to wield power without losing your moral compass. This is a theme implied by the title and repeatedly tested by Roosevelt’s appetite for action...

- Formative years and self-creation: The biography presents Roosevelt’s transformation from a sickly, privileged boy into a physically tough, disciplined man as central to his later political temperament (intense self-command, relentless work ethic, and a hunger to “do” rather than merely opine).

- The rise of a political force: Harbaugh is especially strong on Roosevelt as a political operator. This covers his role as a New York reformer, civil service commissioner, police commissioner, assistant secretary of the Navy, and the figure who learns to combine moral crusade with practical coalition-building.

- War, national celebrity, and the presidency: The Spanish-American War (and Roosevelt’s Rough Riders fame) becomes a hinge for personal courage translated into national credibility. Then the presidency is treated as Roosevelt’s laboratory for executive leadership—trust-busting, regulating big business, conservation, a more assertive national government, and a foreign policy meant to expand American influence.

- After the White House: The book follows Roosevelt’s continued attempt to shape the republic through his reform energies, party battles, and the emotional gravity of later years.

A key point Harbaugh (and many other biographers) emphasises is that Roosevelt’s “most dramatic contribution” wasn’t a single program so much as awakening public conscience and legitimising reform through vigorous leadership.

Critical appraisal: what Harbaugh does really well

1) This is an unusually clear political biography.
Harbaugh’s great strength is that he treats Roosevelt as a governing mind, not merely as a colourful personality. Many other writers give richer “texture” of the adventures; whereas Harbaugh gives you the machinery—how Roosevelt thought about authority, how he navigated interests, how he used the presidency as a tool. That’s why readers often describe this book as a superb complement to more personal, story-heavy treatments of his life.

2) Admiration without hagiography.
The book is “sparing neither praise nor criticism”, which is the right posture for Roosevelt: he’s too admirable to sneer at, too complicated to idolise.

3) Roosevelt’s moral energy comes through.
Harbaugh captures the animating Roosevelt tension: a man of exuberant force who also believed leadership carried duties. Moral obligations toward fairness, national cohesion, and the long-term health of the republic.

Where it falls short (and why this matters)

1) The “power and responsibility” theme isn’t always developed explicitly.
The book doesn’t fully build on this theme, so much as let Roosevelt’s life illustrate it. This isn't fatal, but it means that the reader sometimes has to do the synthesis: what are the rules for using power well, and what happens when Roosevelt breaks them?

2) It can be light on the most “human” Roosevelt.
It's comparatively quick through the periods that provide the richest personal colour, suggesting it may work better as a second Roosevelt biography than as a first. If you want immersion in Roosevelt’s relationships, inner life, and the emotional costs of his pace, you may feel the book keeps moving when you want it to linger...

3) It’s a product of its era.
Published in 1961, it inevitably reflects older historiographical emphases. Readers today may want deeper coverage of issues like race, class conflict, imperial power, and the moral ambiguity of “national greatness”. The bones are here—but modern expectations for those lenses are much higher than six to seven decades ago.

Roosevelt as a masculine role model: what’s worth taking away

If you’re reading Roosevelt for an uplifting model of masculinity, Harbaugh’s Roosevelt offers several enduring and essential lessons. These are useful precisely because they’re not about domination, but about self-mastery and service:
=> Chosen strength, not inherited strength. Roosevelt didn’t start powerful; he built capacity. The masculinity on display is forged (through training, discipline, and responsibility) rather than granted by status.
=> Courage integrated with duty. He sought hard things (war, wilderness, political conflict), but his best moments channel courage into protecting the public interest...
=> Moral seriousness without cynicism. He believed politics could elevate a nation’s character—by fighting corruption, restraining predatory power, and insisting that citizenship requires substantial obligations to society.
=> The energetic ideal of fatherhood and mentorship. Even when imperfect, Roosevelt exemplified a life oriented toward building: institutions, national purpose, and the next generation’s confidence.

That’s why he remains one of the most inspiring modern male figures: Roosevelt models a kind of masculinity that is aspirational rather than resentful—strength that aims upward, then outward. Not “How do I get mine?” but “What am I here for?”...

In an age that often oscillates between mocking masculinity and reducing it to brute force, Roosevelt represents a third path: vigour anchored to conscience...

Bottom line

Harbaugh’s Power and Responsibility is a smart, readable, politically focused Roosevelt biography—strong on leadership and governance, sometimes thinner on personal depth, and inevitably dated in places because of its era.

If you want Roosevelt as an exemplar of constructive masculine strength (disciplined, courageous, service-oriented) this book gives you a serious portrait of why his life still calls men to do more than perform strength: it calls men to earn it, aim at it, and answer for it.

No hero is perfect, and Teddy Roosevelt certainly had his flaws. But his was a life well lived, a life of enormous contribution and service, as well as an exceptional male role model for contemporary men.
Profile Image for Tracy.
9 reviews2 followers
May 19, 2012
Old becomes new again, politically etc. (Outrage over political corruption etc). Tough thinker and a pivotal person for the time.
Profile Image for George.
338 reviews26 followers
July 23, 2021
TR is a really complicated person as is his legacy and this book by William Henry Harbaugh does a wonderful job in presenting him in all his complicated glory. There is a lot to love about Roosevelt regardless of where you happen to fall on the political spectrum. More conservative people will like his pro-Americanism and commitment to rule of order in the vein of Burke. People on the left will like his emphasis on labor and the breaking up of powerful capitalist interests. Both can appreciate his witticisms and commitment to the environment. He also just has a larger than life personality that transcends time. It still speaks to his power that he is one of the most loved president's in America today despite the fact that perhaps a handful of people who were contemporary with him are still alive (but of course they would have just been toddlers at the time.)
All the defining and memorable things of Roosevelt's life and legacy are given space in this book. From San Juan Hill, to the Amazon, to his presidency were discussed at length. Although to me it still felt like it wasn't enough. This probably has just more do to with Roosevelt and his very full life than any deficiency on Harbaugh's part. I especially liked the time that was given to Roosevelt's relationship with his vice president and successor Taft. The note at the end of the book about Taft silently standing over Roosevelt's grave was described quite movingly. It is really interesting and it made me want to follow up and read Doris Kearns Goodwin's book that discusses that relationship more in depth.
Harbaugh's writing is precise and flows well. The only negative thing I can offer is that the language is somewhat erudite and dated so it isn't the most accessible to modern day audiences. This was a great single volume read on Roosevelt's life and I think it just might be the tip of the TR iceberg for me as Edmund Morris' three volume biography is on my to-read list.
Profile Image for Leah.
232 reviews1 follower
July 14, 2020
This book provided an interesting picture and analysis of his presidency. However, it did not provide much personal information or facts on his early life. Fortunately, I had already read Mornings on Horseback, so that provided what I missed. Still, it was a good one-volume bio on TR.
201 reviews
October 2, 2024
This is supposed to be one of the better biographies of TR. While it certainly covers all the events, the bias of the author rings through clearly compromising it to some degree.
Profile Image for Christopher Litsinger.
747 reviews14 followers
December 12, 2015
This was a long slog of a read, but it is a very comprehensive view of Roosevelt's life in a single volume (as David McCullough mentions in Mornings on Horseback. In general, Harbaugh does a good job of remaining passionate and positive about his subject, without failing to point out his flaws.
The book does flounder a bit after Roosevelt's presidency -- jumping back and forth a bit and assuming too solid of a foundation (for me) in the events of the times.
This was my favorite bit:
For two hours the President argued with Morgan’s emissaries, who kept an open line to the financier and the uncompromising Baer in New York. The operators were anxious to settle — they had undoubtedly learned that drastic action was in the offing — and they were willing to accept a Catholic prelate, even a liberal one. But they would not agree to the naming of a labor leader, for they continued to regard union recognition as the pre-eminent issue.
Such, then, was the state of affairs when the President suddenly conceived a solution. He would appoint a union man to the sociologist’s post, but would call him a sociologist. “I at last grasped the fact,” Roosevelt explained to Lodge, “that the mighty brains of these captains of industry had formulated the theory that they would rather have anarchy than tweedledum, but if I would use the word tweedledee they would hail it as meaning peace.”
Displaying 1 - 12 of 12 reviews