Another from my S-F Book Club collection from the 1970’s, this one a reread. From experience, I’d recommend reading “I, Robot” (see my review) before tackling these novels, gives you a very helpful background; I hadn’t done that the first time around, ‘nuff said. While these two novels do stand alone (the Three Laws of Robotics are mentioned but largely implied throughout). The events of these two novels take place some three thousand years after those of “I, Robot.”
This book consists of the first two Robot Novels; “The Caves of Steel” (originally published 1954) and “The Naked Sun “1957). Both have as their protagonists human/Earthian detective Elijah (“Lije”) Baley and R. (for “Robot”) Daneel Olivaw, very human-looking android, from the Outer Worlds, planets which have been settled for millenia by humans, with very sophisticated Robots as helpers (on Earth the Robots are more mechanical in appearance and are more limited in their functions; Earth people have great restrictions on Robots and there are movements to eliminate them altogether, called the Medievalists). The residents of the Outer Worlds have established a small colony near New York, called “Spacetown.” There is a great deal of animosity and distrust between Earthians, who have largely developed domes encompassing great areas, connected by underground caves (hence the first book’s title) and the more adventurous “Spacers.” The Outer Worlds are less populated, with more resources; Earth has a population of eight billion, with limited resources and a toxic atmosphere, hence the domes. Thus, these works have a sociological background, similar to, for example, Ursula K. LeGuin’s “The Left Hand of Darkness.”
With all this as background, the plot is essentially a murder mystery; Roj Sarton, an ambassador from the Spacers, who is attempting to influence Earthians to be more tolerant and accepting of Robots, and was also R. Daneel’s designer, is found murdered. Elijah is assigned by his Police Commissioner Julius Enderby to the case and is paired with R. Daneel, so this is also sort of a “culture clash which turns into a cop-buddy” story (similar to “Collision Course,” the “Rush Hour” movies and “Red Dawn.”). The investigation uncovers a complex plot amongst the Spacers and even the Mediavalists, with several characters (including Elijah’s wife Jezebel (Jessie) not being entirely who they initially appear to be. The story, then, is heavy on background description and lighter on the murder mystery, but the conclusion is quite satisfying and somewhat of a surprise.
In “The Naked Sun, Elijah is assigned to travel to Solaris, oldest and most isolated of the outer worlds, which is hostile to Earth. Rikaine Dilmarre, a “fetologist,” has been murdered. Dilmarre had been heading up the “birthing program” on Solaris, which entails very strict population control; the robots are heavily relied on and outnumber the people by the tens of thousands. Elijah is requested to assist with the investigation, largely because murder is unknown on Solaris, such that the Solarians feel they could use the help of one who has solved murders before. Elijah is again paired with R. Daneel Olivaw, who is from another outer planet, Aurora. Despite their highly developed positronic brains and their helpfulness, robots are seen as inferior to humans (indeed, Elijah refers to most of the robots on Solaris as “boy,” an obvious racist reference to America’s treatment of African-Americans). Much of the underlying aspects of the story relate to a prohibition on physical presence (“seeing”), much less touching (save with one’s spouse), with the preferred mode of interaction being well-developed holographic representation (“viewing”). Additionally. Elijah has a great deal of trouble with the wide-open cities and outdoor spaces, as well as exposure to “the naked sun,” hence the title. This is very difficult for Elijah, who is used to living in domed areas away from the toxic air on Earth, with its overpopulated underground cities.
The prime suspect for this murder is Dilmarre’s wife Gladia, who was in his physical presence when he was killed, supposedly with a blunt instrument, which cannot be located. A robot who had also been in the area is supposedly rendered nonfunctional because it had allowed harm to come to a human, in violation of the First Law of Robotics. Elijah’s investigational methods are met with resistance, as his method is to interview relevant personally in their direct presence, which he manages to be able to do with a few people, but again “viewing” is the preference. One who is more amenable to “seeing” is Gladia, who denies guilt but admits that she and Rikaine had not been getting along. Another murder, that of Soliara’s Security Chief, while dining with Elijah. Another major player is Jothan Leebig, prominent roboticist, who is secretly planning to use the robots’ positronic brains to – well, don’t want to give it all away, now. The solution to the murder is given through getting all the suspects in a room and exploring all the motives, possible weapons and hopefully a confession from the “real” murderer, a la Charlie Chan/Miss Marple/Hercule Poirot/The Thin Man, etc. But there’s a twist to the whole thing after Elijah returns to Earth.
Overall, I found these tales quite enjoyable, and I plan to read “The Robots of Dawn,” the final novel in the series, as well as the short story, “Mirror Image.” Four stars.