in our local library there is a shelf where the librarians put books that they have read and recommend. a week or so ago "the good mother" was on the rack. so i picked it up. i had read one other of miller's books, "private lives", and liked it. from a review of her most recent book i knew that this one was probably her best -- imagine having your first novel be very well reviewed and never writing another that was as highly regarded. that would feel weird.
after reading this novel i can see why it is considered to be very good. it is complex, has good characters, a good and clever plot, and some fine imagery. and it tells an unusual and original story.
the plot centers around a divorced woman, her 3-year-old daughter, molly, and her artist lover, leo. complex sexual events occur that cause anna's ex-husband to file for custody (the divorce was "amicable" and anna got custody, with the father getting liberal visitation rights). these precipitating events are well-constructed -- both believable as events that a "good mother" would allow and believable as an outrageous justification for the father's response.
i believe that the title is not meant ironically, but as a true description of how this woman sees herself and what she tries to be. one of the questions that the novel raises, i think, is what makes a good mother. as a girl, the mother, anna, had taken piano lessons until a summer camp teacher told her mother that she didn't have talent. music is used as a metaphor for mothering throughout the story (facilitated by the fact that anna partly supports herself by taking piano students). anna says that she envied those pianists who had gifts, while she had a "mechanical" relation to the piano. somewhere in here is the notion of having a gift for being a mother or having to do it day-by-day in a trial-and-error fashion. however, there is no woman in the story who is presented as a gifted mother. perhaps the point is that there is no such thing as a "good mother" in this sense of being naturally talented.
another conflicted notion of a good mother is depicted in the broader context of humanity, which highlights our society's cramped rules. a female friend of anna's, the delightful ursula, points out that other societies have very different notions of what is acceptable in childhood upbringing and that anna's and leo’s behavior wouldn't raise eyebrows except in 1% of the whole world and history.
when anna's custody of her daughter is threatened by her ex-husband due to leo’s (innocently intended and probably not harmful) actions, anna's strongest response is to abandon leo to increase her chance of retaining custody of molly. later there is a point after anna had lost custody of molly at which she could retain her relationship with leo and still have access to visits with molly. she deliberately rejects this possibility in order to have more extensive contact with molly. in both phases she makes a choice -- child over lover. i thought this was telling. do you have to put your child first to be a good mother, or a good parent generally? does a woman have to sacrifice her own happiness to sustain her daughter's happiness? or perhaps being with molly gives anna greater happiness than she could achieve with leo. i couldn't tell what the story was saying about these questions. personally, i don’t think the answers are obvious. perhaps that’s because i’m a man.
to me the most interesting part of the “good mother” paradox is the personal growth and freedom aspect that is strongly embedded in the plot. one thing anna likes about leo is that he frees her to be a passionate person, which she was brought up not to be and which she was not able to be with her ex-husband. it is arguable that the most important demonstration of the story is that if you try both to live a free life and be a good mother at the same time society will slap you down. it’s not possible to combine the two. one reason why i think this is the main “message” of the novel is that anna’s life is shadowed by a subplot involving her youngest aunt, edith, called babe, who is strong and irrepressible and seeks to live life fully. babe’s life follows an even more tragic course than anna’s. anna is identified with babe in several ways, especially when, after babe’s funeral, anna’s sedated grandmother calls her “edith”.
in a powerful bit of virtuosic writing, miller develops a revealing metaphor regarding anna’s second part-time job -- “running rats” for an experimental psychologist. she describes the rats learning to run the maze, some quickly and some “stupid” rats more slowly. at the end of the book anna goes to pick up molly for the first time after losing custody. her description of negotiating the huge washington, dc, apartment complex where her ex-husband lives evokes the rats running their maze. anna had to learn how to make the correct turns to get her reward – her daughter. society, like the humans who control the rats’ lives, dictates that she must take only the permissible course if she wants to get her reward. after making the wrong turn with leo, anna figures out what she must do and does it.