There are so many books out there that deal with the torturous trials and horrors of the rise of Nazi Germany from the perspective of those who were being afflicted by the new Third Reich instituted by Adolf Hitler, but Ashes is of a very different blend. It's easy to forget how many Germans were strongly opposed to the Aryan supremacy rhetoric that was being doggedly pushed by their intense Führer in the early 1930s and beyond. Germany of that era is often broadly painted as a nation bent on world domination and the destruction of all ideas not of the Aryan order, but Ashes pushes back against that kind of historical laziness. In the novel, we see the increasingly perilous German world through the eyes of thirteen-year-old Gaby Schramm, daughter of a distinguished German astronomer. As the story progresses, it's easy to observe that Gaby and her family are as resistant to the discriminatory concepts introduced by Hitler as are any of the people whose nationalities or cultures are directly affected, and that the Schramms, too, could soon face the reality of danger for their disagreement with the harsh philosophy of the Führer.
In 1932, Germany is still a country in limbo, trying its best to recover from the sanctions taken against it after the major defeat of World War I. The German economy is all over the place, spiking and crashing with hardly any advance notice at all, so that one cannot be sure if the entirety of one's personal wealth will be worth much of anything in the space of but a few days, or even just a few hours. The economy is sluggish, at best, and many of the people harbor grudges against the Allied nations that sacked the German military a decade or so earlier, and made their home country give up both its fighting forces and a major chunk of its crucial financial assets. The time is ripe for a charismatic leader who can convince the smoldering German people that their once-proud nation has been wronged by others, and that the only way to regain their collective former glory is to grab on to the essence of German pride and stand up, rising above the unfavorable punitive circumstances created by the end of World War I to demand the lion's share of global power.
Gaby uneasily watches as the political climate in Germany begins to change. Adolf Hitler goes from being an unpopular politician to a cult figure with the masses, as greater and greater numbers of Germans begin to buy into his basic philosophy of Aryan pride. The scene grows increasingly unaccommodating for Jews and for anyone who holds ideas contrary to those espoused by Hitler; this would include Gaby's parents—who despise Hitler and his frightening plans for a "pure" Germany—and their friend Baba Blumenthal, a Jewish reporter who always publishes the truth about what's going on in Germany, even when it makes her unpopular with the new guard. Soon, strong hints spread that literature considered "un-German", or which forwards the consideration of ideas that go against the Third Reich, will be confiscated and burned as a way to rid the country of all toxic influences to the new path of glory that Hitler envisions. As German poet Heinriche Heine wrote, however, "Where they burn books, they will end by burning human beings." The slippery slope toward the eventual extermination of the people themselves who oppose Hitler will have been begun, and the full-blown horrors of the Holocaust will have seen their commencement.
The attitude with which Gaby views all of this going on around her is smart and studied, probably because she, herself, is such an advanced reader. Gaby holds dear the written thoughts of literary artists such as Mark Twain, Jack London, Heinriche Heine and Ernest Hemingway; she knows well the power inherent in literature, and how wrong it is to eliminate the writings of some authors just because one may disagree with their point of view. Her internal observations of the trend toward destruction that she sees around her carry the sharp snap of poignancy, as do her spoken words. For example, when Gaby learns that someone she knows has thrown in with the other Nazi book burners, she says, "I'll say whatever I want. I'm not a book. You can't burn me!" Just a few years later, of course, the Führer would prove that he had no qualms about burning people who disagreed with him. Six million Jews and I'm not sure how many others would meet the end of their lives in ashes, reduced to nothing but black and gray soot by the man who had come to wield control over every facet of their existence. Not even an "Aryan" girl like Gaby, daughter of a German astronomer who dared subscribe to ideas that originated in a Jewish mind like Einstein's, would be safe from the flames when Hitler's rule hit the zenith of its madness.
Ultimately, Gaby is trying to figure out adolescence—which is hard enough on its own—concurrent to dealing with the advent of one of the most horrible times in modern history. We look back on the scene and realize, more or less, how everything is going to happen, but those who lived during that time had no such assurance of how the reign of Hitler would meets its final end. What if Hitler did take over the world, and continued the suppression of Jewish ideas and people until they were all just...gone? What if Hitler's frightening military forces were to keep on growing until not even the world's most powerful nations could defeat them, and Aryan supremacy was subsequently lifted up as the law of the land for the whole world? I think that it's important when reading a book like Ashes to let our minds travel down these same paths as those of the people of the time; to suspend our foreknowledge for a while and allow ourselves to explore the narrative with minds free of preconceptions. It's scary to see the uncertainty of that world the way that it would have looked to Gaby, but I believe that we can learn a lot more from the book if we're willing to take that approach.
Ashes is an important novel that deals with themes from the era directly preceding World War II that often go mostly unnoticed. It is a story that has the potential to truly expand the scope of one's mind, which is always a good thing to look for in literature of historical fiction. I would recommend the book to anyone, and likely give it a three-and-a-half-star rating.