Winter Light

Guds tystnad #2

by Ingmar Bergman

نور زمستانی دومین فیلم از تریلوژی اینگمار برگمان دربارهٔ ایمان به خدا (فیلم اول این سه‌گانه همچون در یک آینه و فیلم سوم سکوت بود) از آثار دشوار استاد بزرگ سینمای سوئد، و مربوط به دورهٔ میانی کارنامهٔ اوست. دغدغه‌های اساسی برگمان که حاصل دوران کودکی و زندگی خانوادگی اوست در این سه‌گانه – و ازجمله در نور زمستانی به شکل برجسته‌ای متبلور شده و البته زمینهٔ بحث و کشاکش، خیلی سرراست، کلیسا و شخصیت یک کشیش است. این دغدغه‌ها از انکار به تردید، و سپس به ایمان و یقین می‌رسد. نور زمستانی یکی از نمونه‌های بارز سینمای دینی است و فیلمنامه‌اش مانند فانی و الکساندر – که آن هم در این مجموعه منتشر شده – به یک اثر ادبی پهلو می‌زند.

First published January 1, 1997

About the author

Ernst Ingmar Bergman was a nine-time Academy Award-nominated Swedish film, stage, and opera director. He depicted bleakness and despair as well as comedy and hope in his explorations of the human condition. He is recognized as one of the greatest and most influential filmmakers in cinematic history.

He directed 62 films, most of which he wrote, and directed over 170 plays. Some of his internationally known favorite actors were Liv Ullmann, Bibi Andersson, and Max von Sydow. Most of his films were set in the stark landscape of his native Sweden, and major themes were often bleak, dealing with death, illness, betrayal, and insanity.

Bergman was active for more than 60 years, but his career was seriously threatened in 1976 when he suspended a number of pending productions, closed his studios, and went into self-imposed exile in Germany for eight years following a botched criminal investigation for alleged income tax evasion.

Reviews

[Mohammad Hanifeh]

مذهبِ عاشق ز مذهب‌ها جداست

روایت است روزی شیخ و مریدان در حال طی طریق بودند و شیخ در حال وعظ، از محاسن دین و آیین می‌گفت. در راه، برگمان را دیدند.
یکی از مریدان از او پرسید: «مذهب تو چیست برادر؟»
برگمان پاسخ گفت: «مذهب نمی‌دانم من. درگیر جنگِ درونم و در جست‌وجوی ایمان.»
شیخ گفت: «و بهترینِ شریعت‌هاست این!» آن‌گاه رو به مریدان کرد و گفت: «هر چه تا به این‌جا گفته‌ام را رها کنید و از پیِ این مرد بروید.»

فکر می‌کنم هیچ‌کدوم از فیلم‌های برگمان رو به اندازۀ «نور زمستانی» دوست نداشته باشم. خوندنِ فیلمنامه‌ش هم لذتی فراتر از تماشای خودِ فیلم بود. اولین فیلمنامه‌ای بود که از برگمان می‌خوندم و راستش انتظار نداشتم توصیف‌هاش این‌قدر قشنگ باشن. ولی نیمۀ دوم کتاب، حتی بیشتر از خودِ فیلمنامه برام لذت‌بخش بود؛ چند تا یادداشت‌ و بررسی آثار برگمان از زوایای مختلف و به‌خصوص مصاحبه با کارگردان و چگونگی شکل‌گیری فیلم، از ایده تا انتها.

[Rêbwar]

در نور زمستانی، برگمان از زبان سکوت حرف می‌زند. نه سکوت به‌مثابهٔ آرامش، بلکه سکوت به‌سانِ خفگی. فیلم نه دربارهٔ ایمان است، نه دربارهٔ بی‌ایمانی. دربارهٔ برهوتی‌ست که وقتی ایمان می‌میرد، بر جان آدمی می‌نشیند؛ بی‌آن‌که چیز دیگری جایش را بگیرد.

توماس، کشیشی که در سایهٔ ایمان گذشته نفس می‌کشد، دیگر نه صدایی از خدا می‌شنود، نه معنایی از دعا می‌یابد. مرگ خدا برای او نه یک رویداد، که یک روند است. خدای برگمان، اگر زمانی هم بوده، حالا رفته و خلأ او، با هیچ پر نمی‌شود. نه عشق مارتا، نه اعترافات زائران، نه وظیفهٔ کشیشی. همه‌چیز رنگ باخته، حتی خدا.

توماس نمی‌تواند عشق بورزد؛ چون خودش تهی‌ست. نمی‌تواند تسلی دهد؛ چون خودش گم شده. مارتا، زن معلمی که او را دوست دارد، نقش آن انسان زمینی را بازی می‌کند که در برابر طنین نداشتنِ خدا، هنوز می‌خواهد زنده بماند، عاشق شود، لمس کند. اما حتی این تماس انسانی هم در دل سرمای مطلق بی‌معنا می‌شود. این‌جا دیگر حتی رابطهٔ انسانی هم نمی‌تواند پناه باشد.

نور برگمان در این فیلم، نوری سرد است؛ شبیه نوری که از پس شیشهٔ یخ‌زده می‌تابد. هیچ گرمایی در آن نیست، فقط حضورِ خالیِ یک حقیقت: این‌که انسان تنهاست، بی‌هیچ تسلی‌بخشی آسمانی. و این تنهایی، در گفت‌وگوی بی‌رحمانه با سکوت خدا، مثل زخمی باز باقی می‌ماند.

نور زمستانی از آن فیلم‌هاست که نمی‌خواهد امیدی دروغین بدهد. نمی‌خواهد با موسیقی، قاب‌بندی یا نورپردازی آدمی را آرام کند. برگمان، با دوربین ایستاده و بی‌پناهش، فقط نگاه می‌کند، مثل خود خدا ـ اگر خدایی باشد ـ که نگاه می‌کند و سکوت می‌کند.

پایان فیلم، مثل یک نبض بی‌صداست: کشیش، کلیسا را باز می‌کند، با آن‌که می‌داند خطبه‌هایش تهی‌اند. اما همین تهی بودن، شاید انسانی‌ترین چیز باشد. در جهانی بی‌معنا، شاید تنها کاری که می‌توان کرد، ادامه دادن است؛ بی‌وعده، بی‌امید، فقط با شرافتی ساکت.

نور زمستانی فیلمی‌ست که ایمان را از درون پوسیده نشان می‌دهد؛ بدون نفرت، بدون تمسخر، با اندوهی عمیق و درکی بی‌رحمانه از وضعیت انسانی. فیلمی‌ست برای آن‌هایی که از تردیدهای مقدس عبور کرده‌اند، و حالا نشسته‌اند روبه‌روی دیوارهای بلندِ بی‌پاسخی.

[Realini Ionescu]

Winter Light written and directed by Ingmar Bergman – Ingmar Bergman was one of the greatest film makers of all time, nominated for nine Oscars, for directing, best film and writing, just as he was in competition at Cannes thirteen times, if I have not miscounted, winner of many awards, you can see in Winter Light this astounding talent – there are notes on his films, also on those from The New York Times’ Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made and other pages, along with reviews on magnum opera from The Greatest Books of All Time and other sites on my blog and YouTube channel https://realinibarzoi.blogspot.com/20... maybe you wish to visit and leave a message



9 out of 10
Ingmar Bergman https://realinibarzoi.blogspot.com/20... was one of the greatest film makers of all time, I would say he has more than ten movies that would make the Top 200, from Wild Strawberries to virgin Spring, indeed, Fanny and Alexander was at number one on some list

Although in discussions at the sauna, I have managed to encourage a fellow I meet there regularly to watch the latter, and they could not finish it, notwithstanding his admiration for the Seventh Seal – Bergman had a very dark side, I have read in an interview with Stellan Skarsgard about the Nazi past of the director
The answer here is to appreciate the work of art, if you can, and disregard the personal life of a magnificent artist – here the caveat would be I reject anything Stallone did (he was not that worthy anyway) since he is not significant and he belongs to crazy MAGA, the same for others like him – where possible

Intellectuals https://realinibarzoi.blogspot.com/20... is a major book by Paul Johnson, where you find the atrocious side of luminaries like Leo Tolstoy, Erenest Hemingway, Henrik Ibsen, Jean Jacque Rousseau – for such names, a pass may be given, not for the hoi polloi
Gunnar Björnstrand is a glorious thespian, frequently acting in the motion pictures of Bergman, in winter Light he is the pastor Tomas Ericsson, a troubled man, whose wife had died, and along with her, his wish to live, he now wants to be of help, otherwise, he does not seem to care, he can be offensive, and we get a does of that

Max von Sydow was another phenomenal artist – I am not even sure if he is still alive, actually, I have checked and he has died – and he has the role of Jonas Persson, who is so upset by the…Chinese, we have a prophet here, in that this was 1960, and China was irrelevant at that time, so he could see what a problem we have with it today
Jonas Persson comes with his wife to see the pastor, it was the woman who pushed for it, she does almost all the talking, worried about the mental state of her spouse, who is listless, does not talk, he is depressed but agrees to have a talk with the priest, after he drops his wife at the house, he will return to the church

Excellent Ingrid Thulin plays the role of Märta Lundberg, a woman who is devoted to the pastor, she is not just in love with him, we would say, but venerates the man, who at one point would viciously reject her, saying he was in love with his late spouse, he will never feel the same for Marta, he has loathing for her
This a phenomenal meditation on life, the meaning of it, or lack thereof, a tragic contemplation of pain, God is both embraced and denied by various personages, we even have this disabled man who compares his suffering with that of Jesus, coming to the conclusion that the son of God had a better ending, since he only had to suffer for about four hours…

Now for my standard closing of the note with a question, and invitation – I am on Goodreads as Realini Ionescu, at least for the moment, if I keep on expressing my views on Orange Woland aka TACO, it may be a short-lived presence
Also, maybe you have a good idea on how we could make more than a million dollars with this https://realinibarzoi.blogspot.com/20... – as it is, this is a unique technique, which we could promote, sell, open the Oscars show with or something and then make lots of money together, if you have the how, I have the product, I just do not know how to get the benefits from it, other than the exercise per se

There is also the small matter of working for AT&T – this huge company asked me to be its Representative for Romania and Bulgaria, on the Calling Card side, which meant sailing into the Black Sea wo meet the US Navy ships, travelling to Sofia, a lot of activity, using my mother’s two bedrooms flat as office and warehouse, all for the grand total of $250, raised after a lot of persuasion to the staggering $400…with retirement ahead, there are no benefits, nothing…it is a longer story, but if you can help get the mastodont to pay some dues, or have an idea how it can happen, let me know

As for my role in the Revolution that killed Ceausescu, a smaller Mao, there it is http://realini.blogspot.com/2022/03/r...

Some favorite quotes from To The Hermitage and other works

‘Fiction is infinitely preferable to real life...As long as you avoid the books of Kafka or Beckett, the everlasting plot of fiction has fewer futile experiences than the careless plot of reality...Fiction's people are fuller, deeper, cleverer, more moving than those in real life…Its actions are more intricate, illuminating, noble, profound…There are many more dramas, climaxes, romantic fulfillment, twists, turns, gratified resolutions…Unlike reality, all of this you can experience without leaving the house or even getting out of bed…What's more, books are a form of intelligent human greatness, as stories are a higher order of sense…As random life is to destiny, so stories are to great authors, who provided us with some of the highest pleasures and the most wonderful mystifications we can find…Few stories are greater than Anna Karenina, that wise epic by an often foolish author…’

[Saman]

در صورت تمایل، جهت مشخصات فیلمی که بر اساس این کتاب ساخته شده‌ است؛ می‌توانید از لینک زیر استفاده بفرمایید
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0057358

[Miray Abou Assaleh]

"This emphasis on physical pain. It couldn't have been all that bad. It may sound presumptuous of me - but in my humble way, I've suffered as much physical pain as Jesus. And his torments were rather brief. Lasting some four hours, I gather? I feel that he was tormented far worse on an other level. Maybe I've got it all wrong. But just think of Gethsemane, Vicar. Christ's disciples fell asleep. They hadn't understood the meaning of the last supper, or anything. And when the servants of the law appeared, they ran away. And Peter denied him. Christ had known his disciples for three years. They'd lived together day in and day out - but they never grasped what he meant. They abandoned him, to the last man. And he was left alone. That must have been painful. Realizing that no one understands. To be abandoned when you need someone to rely on - that must be excruciatingly painful. But the worse was yet to come. When Jesus was nailed to the cross - and hung there in torment - he cried out - "God, my God!" "Why hast thou forsaken me?" He cried out as loud as he could. He thought that his heavenly father had abandoned him. He believed everything he'd ever preached was a lie. The moments before he died, Christ was seized by doubt. Surely that must have been his greatest hardship? God's silence."

[عِماد عبابنة]

through this Movie , Bergman convey the question of Faith , Love and the suffer of Feeling a lone ,, abandoned by all