We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed With Our Families

by Philip Gourevitch

We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed with Our Families is the winner of the National Book Critics Circle Award for Nonfiction. An unforgettable firsthand account of a people's response to genocide and what it tells us about humanity.This remarkable debut book from Philip Gourevitch chronicles what has happened in Rwanda and neighboring states since 1994, when the Rwandan government called on everyone in the Hutu majority to murder everyone in the Tutsi minority. Though the killing was low-tech--largely by machete--it was carried out at shocking some 800,000 people were exterminated in a hundred days. A Tutsi pastor, in a letter to his church president, a Hutu, used the chilling phrase that gives Gourevitch his title.With keen dramatic intensity, Gourevitch frames the genesis and horror of Rwanda's "genocidal logic" in the anguish of its the mass displacements, the temptations of revenge and the quest for justice, the impossibly crowded prisons and refugee camps. Through intimate portraits of Rwandans in all walks of life, he focuses on the psychological and political challenges of survival and on how the new leaders of postcolonial Africa went to war in the Congo when resurgent genocidal forces threatened to overrun central Africa.Can a country composed largely of perpetrators and victims create a cohesive national society? This moving contribution to the literature of witness tells us much about the struggle everywhere to forge sane, habitable political orders, and about the stubbornness of the human spirit in a world of extremity.

Genres: Nonfiction, History, Africa, War, Politics, Rwanda, Journalism

356 pages, Kindle Edition

First published September 30, 1998

About the author

Gourevitch was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to painter Jacqueline Gourevitch and philosophy professor Victor Gourevitch, a translator of Jean Jacques Rousseau. He and his brother Marc, a physician, spent most of their childhood in Middletown, Connecticut, where their father taught at Wesleyan University from 1967 to 1995. Gourevitch graduated from Choate Rosemary Hall in Wallingford, Connecticut.

Gourevitch knew that he wanted to be a writer by the time he went to college. He attended Cornell University. He took a break for three years in order to concentrate fully on writing. He eventually graduated in 1986. In 1992 he received a Masters of Fine Arts in fiction from the Writing Program at Columbia University. Gourevitch went on to publish some short fiction in literary magazines, before turning to non-fiction.

Reviews

[Brendan · Rating 4 out of 5]

To be honest, Gourevitch's book doesn't sound inviting. What book about genocide could? And its title alone suggests a kind of vicious, heart-stopping sadness that many of us would prefer to turn away from. Which may, in fact, be the point. Either way, Gourevitch's writing won't let you turn away. He tells the story of the Rwandan genocide in a prose so wonderfully crafted and infused with anger and insight as to be nearly hypnotic. From the opening pages, the young reporter confronts his own very mixed emotions as he tours a schoolhouse where decomposed cadavers, piled two and three high, carpet the floors of several rooms.

"I had never been among the dead before," he writes. "What to do? Look? Yes. I wanted to see them, I suppose; I had come to see them . . . Yet looking at the buildings and the bodies, and hearing the silence of the place, with the grand Italianate basilica standing there deserted, and beds of exquisite, decadent, death-fertilized flowers blooming over the corpses it was still strangely unimaginable. I mean one still had to imagine it.”

This is precisely what Gourevitch so brilliantly accomplishes in We Wish to Inform You: allowing us to imagine, with uncomfortable immediacy, such unimaginable inhumanity. It took 100 days in 1994 for ruling Hutus to slaughter 800,000 of their Tutsi countrymen. But such a statistic only cracks open the door to a world where the victims were killed not by gas or ovens but with swinging machetes; where preachers presided over the killing of their parishes, husbands over the killing of their wives; where the French army intervened in favor of the killers and the U.S. government didn't intervene at all; and where the United Nations peacekeepers, before abandoning the country altogether, fired their weapons only to stop dogs from eating the corpses. Apparently, international concern was focused more on disease than genocide.

Through a myriad of interviews -- with unflagging energy he talks to survivors, killers, politicians and generals -- Gourevitch helps bring a dose of understanding and even, improbably, hope to the madness. He is at his most interesting, though, when speculating on the fate of Rwandan society. In a remarkable bit of analysis, he suggests that the very fact of Rwandan culture that helped usher in the killing -- Rwandans' tendency to do as they are told -- may, in fact, help restore calm. How else can the government integrate so many killers back into society except to order that it be so?

Read the full review here: http://bit.ly/2dZMCvO

[Orsodimondo · Rating 5 out of 5]

NON VI DIMENTICHEREMO


Murambi, tombe collettive.

Questa non è solo una storia africana.
Non è solo una lotta tra hutu e tutsi.
È una storia che riguarda l’umanità intera.
Perché non esistono essere umani più umani degli altri.


Murambi, Memoriale del Genocidio.

Nel più piccolo paese dell’Africa, il Rwanda, in un territorio di poco più grande della Sicilia, in un paesaggio che a volte ricorda le Langhe, altre la Svizzera, tra il 6 aprile e la metà di luglio del 1994 si è consumato il genocidio più cruento e rapido della storia dell’umanità: si calcola che in circa cento giorni siano stati uccisi un milione di rwandesi, per la maggior parte tutsi (il calcolo attualmente si è avvicinato al milione e duecentomila morti, di cui i tutsi furono l’80%).
Gli assassini furono efficientissimi e riuscirono ad ammazzare anche più di diecimila persone in un solo giorno (quattrocento morti all’ora, uno ogni nove secondi).

Tuttora in Rwanda si continuano a scoprire fosse comuni.


Murambi: si stava costruendo una Scuola Tecnica secondaria – il vescovo locale spinse la popolazione tutsi a rifugiarsi in questo luogo per via della presunta protezione delle truppe francesi – il conto dei morti arriva a 65.000 – adesso gli edifici destinati alla scuola sono stati trasformati in un memoriale del genocidio.

A dieci anni dai fatti, io ho voluto essere presente alle commemorazioni del genocidio oltre che per documentare le cerimonie, funebri e non, ufficiali e non, per vedere come sta il paese: per vedere soprattutto come sta la gente, come ha reagito all’orrore, come vive o sopravvive.

“Ntituzabibagirwa” è scritto sulle croci delle tombe a Murambi, nel sudovest del paese, dove furono trucidati almeno sessantamila persone, bambini e vecchi inclusi, donne e uomini.
Per me sarà impossibile dimenticare.
Spero di non essere il solo.


Le mille colline.

Philip Gourevitch è un giornalista che ha collaborazioni prestigiose alle spalle, tra cui per cinque anni alla direzione della Paris Review. Questo libro è frutto di nove viaggi in Rwanda e nei paesi limitrofi nell’arco di due anni. Ha vinto parecchi premi. Dieci anni dopo Gourevitch si è occupato anche di Abu Ghraib.

Se un difetto, uno e uno solo, posso indicare per questo splendido e devastante racconto è la mancanza di note, come nella consuetudine statunitense: lo fanno per facilitare la lettura, ma io ne ho sentito la mancanza.
Per il resto, che dire? Già il titolo è un pugno nello stomaco, come il resto.
Probabilmente il libro più bello mai scritto sul genocidio rwandese. Se bello è parola che si possa accostare a quell’orrore.


Murambi, memoriale del Genocidio.

[Melissa · Rating 5 out of 5]

When I would tell my friends about how great of a book this is, I got a lot of, "I can't read that, it's too upsetting." This came from my progressive, non-profit sector, CSA share-owning friends. And I know what they mean. But seriously, you should read this book anyway.

And not just because it's important to understand the things that have gone on in this world during our time (and before) in order to change the future. Also because Gourevitch discusses some things in this book that I've never read discussion of anywhere else.

For instance, he writes about Rwanda's then-Vice President and now President Kagame: "Because he was not an ideologue, Kagame was often called a pragmatist. But that suggests an indifference to principle and... he sought to make a principle of being being rational." And, oh man, really, you have to read the rest of that paragraph, it's on page 225. He says: "against those who preferred violence to reason, Kagame was ready to fight." And he doesn't mean violent fighting, he means engaging in taking principled stands against those who wish to get people wrapped up in insanity instead of engaging with others in a reality-based and clear-headed way. I mean, golly. For some reason, reading that makes my heart race with excitement.

There's another part, too, that makes me pretty much freak out, and it's on page 259 when talking about how the people guilty of genocide tried (and mostly succeeded) in reshaping the conversation about the genocide to hide their guilt. He says, "With the lines so drawn, the war about the genocide was truly a postmodern war: a battle between those who believed that because the realities we inhabit are constructs of our imaginations, they are all equally true or false, valid or invalid, just or unjust, and those who believed that constructs of reality can -- in fact, must -- be judged as right or wrong, good or bad." I practically jumped out of my seat when I read this because I have this pet, uhhh, hobby of raging against people who believe we all construct our own realities and that there is no such thing as objective truth. Gourevitch shows us, in this book, how denying objective reality can be a matter of life or death or, at the very least, justice or injustice.

I have more to say about the book, like how I learned from it that that crazy person who crazy people on street corners across America give out weird political tracts about, Lyndon LaRouche, spread information that the Tutsis committed genocide against the Hutus, not the other way around, and they did it with help from British royalty or some such thing. Ahhh, you know, I always assumed that LaRouche guy was insane because his followers tend to have those crazy eyes, but thanks, this confirms it. And I have more to talk about than that. Lots more. Hey, you should read the book, and then we can talk about it, ok? Whattayasay?

[Andy · Rating 2 out of 5]

I think too many people will find it easy to rubber-stamp a favorable opinion on this book and talk about how terrible the Rwandan genocide was and how this account really brings it to life. This overlooks the fact that this is honestly not a well-written book; just because it is a book about a historic atrocity still insufficiently understood by the West does not make it good.

The biggest shortcoming is that the book does not look deeply enough into the motives of the killers. The biggest takeaway of the Rwandan genocide for me was that people who were friends and neighbors for years were suddenly able to turn on each other in abrupt and gruesome fashion. What drives an individual person to do this, and what makes simmering ethnic conflict among a population "tip" over into an extremely rapid genocide? I was hugely disappointed by what I thought was a very inadequate treatment of these questions.

Instead, most of the book is a recounting of horrors. These can be quite powerful when Gourevitch cuts himself out and lets the Rwandan survivors tell their own stories, the same way that some documentaries are best when the narrator/director steps out of the picture. When Gourevitch steps back in, it's annoying and actually detractive from the sheer power of the Rwandan story. I wanted to swat him back out. This is particularly evident in his excessively starry-eyed depiction of Paul Kagame. Even if it is accurate, Gourevitch's account of him bleeds so much hero worship that a) it's a little off-putting, just tell his story without the flourishes and his heroism will come out naturally! b) I can't take it seriously because it doesn't seem to make a real attempt at being unbiased.

In the book's favor, it makes some very interesting points about the misdirection of Western relief and the paralysis on "apolitical" aid agencies that everyone should read and understand. A sub-essay extracted out of this book on how the West messed up Rwanda even more than it already was on its own would easily get five stars from me. It does also track over the basic history of the conflict and does embed it in the history of neighboring African governments; explaining this kind of thing is where the narrator can help a lot and I wish the author had tried for more here and less elsewhere!

Another big flaw the book has, which could easily be patched up in a new printing run, is that it has no index.

[Heidi · Rating 5 out of 5]

This is not an easy book to read. But Gourevitch takes a tragedy about which most of the world knows very little -- the genocide of Rwandan Tutsis in 1994 -- and he thoroughly explores it, and along the way he humanizes it. This is a story about genocide, about war and politics, yes, but moreover it's a story about the people who lived through the horror of genocide, and those who died. Gourevitch talks to anyone who will tell him their story, it seems: survivors of the genocide, military officials, humanitarian aid workers, politicians, and even accused and confessed murderers, and he tries to make sense of how such a large-scale monstrosity could occur, and how it could be so easily ignored by the rest of the world. He condemns the UN and Western nations rather harshly, but long before you reach the end of the book you are convinced that they deserve every ounce of condemnation he gives them, and more, for their failure to intercede in one of the most devastating human tragedies of the 20th century.

This is not a book that can (or should) be read quickly. It's frightening, and educational, and mind-boggling, and gripping, and infuriating, and most of all it's terribly sad. It's also a fascinating insight into a darker part of humanity -- not only those who committed the genocide, but those who, through inaction, allowed it to happen. It is important, it is well worth reading, and it is highly recommended.

[✨faith✨trust✨pixiedust✨ Dead Account; Not Coming Back · Rating 5 out of 5]

All at once, as it seemed, something we could have only imagined was upon us—and we could still only imagine it. This is what fascinates me most in existence: the peculiar necessity of imagining what is, in fact, real.

This was a very difficult book to read, and an even harder book to review. If it wasn't for my library's year-long reading challenge, and the prompt to "read a book written by a journalist", I never would have even picked this up. But I'm so glad I did, however horrible it was to read. It explained a lot of the questions I had about this dark time. My only other knowledge of the Rwandan Genocide came entirely from the film Hotel Rwanda, which really only showed a select part of the story, and left a great deal of context out. It's a fantastic film, and I do really recommend it, but this book definitely far surpasses it in terms of information and educational value.

This book is split into two main parts, and in general, they follow first the events leading up to and including the massacre, and then the aftermath and recovery efforts (if some of them can even be called that). It's a tiring tale with apocalyptic elements straight out of a far-fetched science fiction novel. It feels a little unreal sometimes, this dark age story from just a few years before I was born. It feels anachronistic but then, looking at the world I live in now, so very relevant and intrinsically real.

The massacre itself, this cruel act of genocide, was, and I feel wrong admitting this, my favorite part of the book. It was straightforwardly awful, and there was some part of it that was morbidly fascinating. Gourevitch addresses this phenomenon directly and gives excellent commentary on it without either condemning or condoning. This same very direct but equally objective perspective pervades the entire book, and I really appreciated it.

"It sometimes happens that some people tell lies and others tell the truth."

The part that disgusted me beyond even the senseless slaughter itself was the reaction or lack thereof on the part of the international community, primarily regarding America and France. I guess people just want to ignore that the French actively supplied the Hutu aggressors and that the world refused to call this a genocide lest they be required to give any aid whatsoever. And when they were forced to help, they continued to help those doing the killing and ignored those who suffered the most. And why? For what? What could have possibly made these modern nations commit such atrocities?

"You cannot count on the international community unless you're rich, and we are not[...] We don't have oil, so it doesn't matter that we have blood, or that we are human beings."

And it makes sense: look at the USA's constant neglect of even its own people in recent years and throughout history, as seen in the Michigan water crisis, in post-hurricane Puerto Rico, and in the systematic abuse of African Americans and Mexican immigrants, particularly children. What seems, at face value, wrong and illogical -- that first world countries in the modern age could be so cruel and unusual against their fellow man -- is actually very, very believable.

And when Rwanda tried to recover on its own, it was attacked again from all angles, from within and from without.

"It's not so much the human rights concerns, it's more political. It's 'Let's kill this development, this dangerous development of these Africans trying to do things their own way.'"

This book taught me that human nature is complicated and sometimes very extreme, that people hold grudges, sometimes senselessly and sometimes with good reason. That people can be tipped over the edge and will keep falling until either they or their enemy are dead. What I learned will stick with me forever. In this age of mass killings every other day, it's something I can hardly ever forget.

(This review was written after my first reading. My opinions remain the same.)

[Chrisiant · Rating 4 out of 5]

I read this book while volunteering in Burundi, a country that has experienced a parallel civil conflict to that of Rwanda, but with much less international attention.

The book is full of chilling stories, exposing both the horror of the actions of the Rwanda orchestrators of the genocide, the willing and complicit participants in carrying out the genocide, and the willful inaction and facilitation of the conflict by international actors, including the U.S. government.

Most striking to me was the sheer volume of stories in which important local religious leaders figured. Many trusted pastors purposefully gathered their parishioners together so that the Interahamwe militias would be able to slaughter them more efficiently. The title of the book comes from one of these stories, in which the parishioners write to their pastor and to local officials asking for their intervention only to be told that it is God's will that their kind be eradicated.

This is a very difficult book to finish, but it's well worth it. Lots of food for thought on the current inaction regarding events in Darfur, Sudan. The international community always seems to be able to proclaim "never again" in the wake of instances of ethnic cleansing, but actually acting on that promise seems distressingly a rare occurrence.

[Zahra · Rating 2 out of 5]

آدم انتظار داره یه کتابی با این امتیاز و با همچین عنوانی یه روایت میخکوب کننده درباره یکی از وحشتناک ترین نسل کشی های تاریخ بشر که به شدت هم مهجور و ناشناخته مونده ارائه بده اما...
قلم نویسنده خوب نیست. در مورد دلایل و اتفاقات عمیق نمیشه، خصوصا اینکه چرا مردم یهو به جون هم افتادن؟ چی شد که همسایه همسایه رو کشت، دوست به جون دوست افتاد و زیر صد روز تقریبا یک میلیون نفر سلاخی شدن؟ بله همه میدونیم نصفش تقصیر امپریالیسم و استعمارگریه ولی دیگه چه دلایلی داشت که مردم عادی یک شبه صد و هشتاد درجه برگشتن؟ صبحش کنار هم زندگی میکردن بعد فرداش شدن قاتل روانی قمه کش؟ دریغ از یکم دید اجتماعی، روانشناختی و تاریخی! بینشی که نسبت به دلایل شروع نسل کشی میده در حد صفحه ویکیپدیاست!! نویسنده بیشتر ترجیح میده بالا منبر بره و از کلمات قلمبه سلمبه استفاده کنه و از یه دید بالا به پایین به نقد داوطلب‌‌های سازمان ملل و هرکی هست و نیست بپردازه! حتی اجازه نمیده خود قربانی‌ها داستان هاشون رو بگن. من اول فکر میکردم این کتاب مثل زمزمه‌های چرنوبیل یا جنگ چهره زنانه ندارد باشه اما هرجا یه فردی میاد خاطراتش از جنایت رو بازگو کنه یهو نویسنده جفت پا میپره وسط و حرف خودش رو میزنه که خیلی رو مخه و از عمق وحشت و سبعیت جنایتی که پیش اومده کم میکنه و متن بدتر خسته کننده و ملال آور میشه. بدتر از همه اینکه یه عده رو (پاول کاگامه به خصوص!) تا عرش الهی بالا می‌بره انگار قدیسی چیزین و نصف هر فصل کتاب رو به تمجید از این افراد اختصاص میده!!
خلاصه هرچیزی که این کتاب درباره رواندا ارائه میده رو میتونید تو ویکی پدیا هم بخونید، وقتتون تلف نمیشه با این کتاب. یک چهارم اولش فقط به درد میخوره بقیه فقط بالا منبر رفتن نویسندس.
«Every survivor wonders why he is alive, and roughly seventy-five percent of the Tutsis in Rwanda had been killed by early May. In this regard, at least, the genocide had been entirely successful: to those who were targeted, it was not death but life that seemed an accident of fate...»

[Pink · Rating 5 out of 5]

This was fantastic. A blending of superb writing and journalistic skills, to tell both the individual and national stories of the Rwandan genocide. I was marking sections in my book to quote from, but I ended up with 20+ passages. It answered all of my own questions of how it happened, why international governments or agencies didn't step in to help and what happened afterwards. Essential reading.

[Jimmy · Rating 5 out of 5]

In April of 1994, the government of Rwanda called on everyone in the Hutu majority to kill everyone in the Tutsi minority. Over the next three months 800,000 Tutsis were murdered in the most unambiguous case of genocide since Hitler's war against the Jews. Philip Gourevitch's book is a history of the genocide's background, a horrible account of what happened, and what it meant to survive the aftermath.

Belgians dispatched scientists to Rwanda when it was a colony. They measured Rwandan cranial capacities. They concluded Tutsis had "nobler" and more "naturally" aristocratic dimensions than the "course" and "bestial" Hutus.

After independence, Rwanda's revolutionaries became what V. S. Naipaul called "mimic men," who reproduced the same abuses they rebelled against. They became "two nations in one state."

Supernaturalism ruled. Dian Fossey spoke of her cleaning lady taking her hair and fingernails. She knew she had to take that stuff seriously in Rwanda. Fossey would later be murdered.

When the wholesale extermination of Tutsis began, the UN forces did nothing to stop it. Foreign governments fled. The radio encouraged the slaughter. Hutu oppositionists were assassinated. Some would later protest they took lives to protect their own families. When they could, they tried not to kill. In 100 days, 800,000 were killed. That's 4.5 people per minute. That does not count the maimed and raped. Dogs were shot because they were eating the dead. Even UN troops killed dogs, but somehow never used guns to protect any living humans.

Ten Belgian troops were murdered. Belgium withdrew. The soldiers shredded their UN berets on the tarmac to protest the cowardice and waste of their mission.

Major General Dallaire declared he could stop the genocide with just 5,00 soldiers and a free hand. The same day, the UN Security Council passed a resolution cutting the force by 90%. All they could do was hunker down and watch the slaughter. Madeleine Albright opposed even that. She had fled Nazi persecution and said it should never happen again.

Later the refugee camps themselves protected the killers. Humanitarian workers would later say, "It's time to get over it and move on." The genocide became a nuisance.

Five out of every six Rwandan children had witnessed slaughter. How do you fix that? Depression became a problem.

But the central prison system was left in good condition. By 1997, 125,000 Hutus were in prison. How does the government put those people all on trial? The courts were closed. It took 2.5 years to even have a trial. True justice would have meant enormous amounts of even more killing. And Hutu lies kept the world confused.

It was President Clinton's biggest regret he didn't intervene. It's still true today, if the US does nothing, no one does. He would visit Rwanda and apologize. Surprisingly, it had an impact.

[GoldGato · Rating 4 out of 5]

"God no longer wants you." So spoke a local pastor, a man of religion, as he ordered the massacre of 2,000 of his Tutsi neighbours and friends. The mass killings that took place in Rwanda in 1994 stand as the most hideous since Hitler and Stalin, yet they were aided by the French government, who supported the maniacal Hutu Power government. This book tears apart the excuses given by the Western powers as to why they didn't interfere, why they just let more than 800,000 Tutsis be obliterated without lifting one finger.

Gourevitch brings passion to his words and outlines the history of not only Rwanda, but of its ties to Uganda, what-was-then-Zaire, Burundi, and other African countries. In Rwanda, a Tutsi was called an inyenzi, a cockroach. So when the government called on its Hutu citizens to cleanse the land, they immediately took their machetes and went to work. How could so many humans kill so many others? The book strips down the national ethos of Rwanda, showing an ingrain mob mentality often referred to as 'community'.

"I cry, you cry. You cry, I cry. We all come running, and the one that stays quiet, the one that stays home, must explain. This is simple. This is normal. This is community."

When the rebel Tutsi group started taking control, the Hutu murderers fled across the borders to camps...funded by the great Western powers. The money was spent, because it had to be spent, and Hutus not only lived well, but were then allowed to return to their original homes, while their maimed Tutsi neighbours squatted in burned-out villages.

"Do you know what genocide is? A cheese sandwich. Write it down. Genocide is a cheese sandwich. Genocide, genocide, genocide. Cheese sandwich, cheese sandwich, cheese sandwich. Who gives a shit?"

We always look at the Holocaust, and the Great Purge, and we say to ourselves, ah well, that would never happen where I live. While this book is about Rwanda, it is really more about the internal compass inside every human being which points us to being part of the mob, to not stand out. Maybe the zombies have already arrived, and they are us.

Beware of those who speak of the spiral of history; they are preparing a boomerang. Keep a steel helmet handy. (Ralph Ellison)

Book Season = Year Round

[Emma Sea · Rating 5 out of 5]

I was astoundingly ignorant about what happened after the initial 100-day massacre. This isn't only my fault: Gourevitch shows how Western media - and governments - completely ignored and misrepresented what happened in Rwanda and Zaire. And you don't kill 1,000,000 humans in four weeks without huge long-term fallout. The median age in Rwanda is now 18 years, 43% of the population is aged 14 or under, and 63% of the country lives under the poverty line. 52% of children die before reaching 5 years of age.

[DoctorM · Rating 5 out of 5]

The Rwanda genocide of 1994 took place while I was moving between teaching jobs--- something horrible and ghost-like on a television screen. It always had that air of Stalin's old line that "one person's death is a tragedy; a million deaths are only a statistic." Philip Gourevitch's "We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed With Our Families" makes the deaths--- yes, almost a million in a hundred days or so ---into tragedy: the tragedies of individuals, of a nation, of the so-called 'international community'. The book itself is finely crafted. Gourevitch writes with a light hand--- nothing here is hammered home, there's no gratuitous Grand Guignol Heart-of-Darkness here. He lets individual stories speak for themselves: victims, aid workers, even a handful of the killers. And he provides background information that makes the story of the 1994 genocide more comprehensible--- the colonial fantasies that turned local and tribal differences in Rwanda into ethnic divisions, the history of thirty-odd years of smaller, sporadic mass killings of Tutsis by Hutus, the concerted Hutu Power campaign that led up to the genocide. And Gourevitch explains how a highly-organised political system could mobilise its population to effectively, relentlessly slaughter almost a million fellow Rwandans with machetes and small arms in a few weeks.

Gourevitch is hard on the outside powers that failed to stop the killing despite clear warnings, on the French who saw the genocidaire Hutu government as a Francophone client government they'd support on purely realpolitik grounds, on the US for finding excuse after excuse not only for its own inaction but for blocking others' actions to halt the killing, on the UN for its botched and haphazard and counterproductive relief efforts. Gourevitch, like David Rieff, also drives home the point that humanitarianism without a political context, without a political goal, far too often fails to get at the root causes of disaster--- in this case, well-organised mass murder by a highly-organised political party ---and only treats symptoms.

This is a key book not only for looking at Africa in the last twenty years, but for anyone interested in the politics of humanitarianism and the fate of any effort to make "human rights" something other than a bitter joke. If you're interested in international law, Africa, humanitarian aid, or any hope for the future--- read this book.

[Bren · Rating 5 out of 5]

No hay más crueldad que en la historia de la humanidad y puedo leer sobre cualquier época, sobre cualquier parte del mundo y desgraciadamente solo veo como la historia se repite y se repite, los seres humanos somos unos animales crueles, salvajes y asesinos.

Esta la crueldad de quien asesina directamente a otro ser humano, está el salvajismo de la ignorancia que cree que una raza o etnia es mejor que otra y están los asesinos de escritorio, esos que por circunstancias políticas o económicas permiten genocidios o incluso los apoyan.

Este conflicto ente dos tribus Ruandeses los Hutus y los Tutsis se remonta desde el siglo IV, sin embargo, esto se agrava considerablemente cuando se convierte en colonia belga en el siglo XIX, una vez país independiente el problema era tal que culmina en un terrible genocidio llevado a cabo por los Hutus quienes en 1994 matan sistemáticamente a todo Tutsi que se encuentren por el camino, dicha matanza se cuenta en casi un millón de muertes.

Este libro nos cuenta en principio todo el tema histórico que lleva a estas dos etnias a verse enfrentadas, las razones o motivaciones que tienen para odiarse, para después narrar a voz de algunos sobrevivientes Tutsis lo que fue vivir el genocidio y cómo fue que algunos de ellos salvan la vida.

Más adelante hace un profundo análisis social y político global, es decir, en su momento, las Naciones Unidas, que fueron informadas de lo que sucedía no movió un dedo y cuando finalmente deciden intervenir, lo hacen a través de Francia, quien curiosamente entra a Ruanda a apoyar a los Hutus militarmente y también económicamente.

La ONU crea campos de refugiados básicamente en lo que era Zaire (ahora República del Congo), Tanzania, Uganda y Burundi pero la mayoría de los refugiados eran Hutus, mientras tanto los sobrevivientes Tutsis ya están formando su movimiento de Resistencia, lo que conlleva al final a poner a medio África en medio de un conflicto bélico, generando la primera y segunda guerra del Congo.

Fue muy duro leer este libro pero además me ha generado una tremenda frustración, me he sentido enojada por la posición de la comunidad internacional, en una larga entrevista a Paul Kagame, actual presidente de Ruanda y principal actor en la pacificación del país, dice entre otras cosas que no comprende porque en su momento se apoyaba a los Hutus y se hablaba de los Tutsis como los asesinos, ¿qué motivaciones ulteriores tenían para hacer algo así cuando los muertos fueron los Tutsis? Este hombre fue juzgado por la comunidad internacional por crímenes de genocidio y Lesa humanidad, situación que resulta en algo tremendamente incoherente cuando fue quien detuvo la guerra y unió a un país por demás destrozado, actualmente no puede ser detenido por portar el papel de presidente, pero una vez que deje el cargo, será encarcelado, sin embargo, por parte de los Hutus no hubo realmente detenidos, porque al final no se podía juzgar a todo un pueblo.

Una historia brutal, aquí no hay buenos, hay tanta maldad, tanta ignorancia y tanta muerte que no se puede separar a víctimas de victimarios, el peor sentimiento es el de Venganza, el de odio por crímenes cometidos, por niños asesinados, por mujeres violadas y luego asesinadas y solo por ser o pertenecer a una etnia diferente, aquellos que utilizan el odio de un pueblo para generar más odio y claro, por supuesto, para tener poder.

Creo que este libro no narra nada que no se haya visto en otras épocas o en otras guerras, al final, como he dicho, el ser humano es la peor bestia que habita este planeta desde que es llamado equivocadamente “el animal inteligente”

[Mikey B. · Rating 4 out of 5]

Informative...

The second part of this book is better than the first. Although interesting, the first part seems detached and meandering; a nice set of interviews - but for the most part they seem to be after-the-fact interviews.

The second part becomes more unified and emotional. It is concerned more with the here and now; of how Rwanda is 'coping' with the genocide (indeed, if it can ever hope to do so). Sometimes I feel the author is painting a 'rosy' picture of Rwandan president Paul Kagame. Nevertheless he does score points in detailing how the international communities have been insensitive to Rwanda; particularly in terms of the refugees (or fugitives from justice) in camps that were receiving humanitarian aid from several UN organizations.

Gourevitch also points out the hypocrisy of the UN providing aid, but it's unwillingness to risk lives (like to prevent a genocide of close to 1 million people).

The book reminds me of the points brought out by Daniel Jonah Goldhagen's book Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust: a genocide has many participants and they can be eager participants who believe in the righteousness of their cause. A genocide is organized - machetes were ordered, lists were made, groups assembled. These points are well brought out in the book of Gourevitch.

For a more immediate 'feeling' of the Rwandan genocide read Roméo Dallaire's heart-wrenching Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda. Dallaire and Paul Rusesabagina (represented in the movie "Hotel Rwanda"), are interviewed in this book of Philip Gourevitch.

[Repix Pix · Rating 5 out of 5]

El ser humano es una basura y los que deciden un puto cáncer.
Libro durísimo y avergonzante.

[Anna-Emilia · Rating 5 out of 5]

“What distinguishes genocide from murder, and even from acts of political murder that claim as many victims, is the intent. The crime is wanting to make a people extinct. The idea is the crime.”

What happened in Rwanda, 1994? The answer isn't as clear as one may think, and the questions that arise aren't simple either.

I'm so, so glad I read this book.

I'm too young to remember anything disasterous or political from the 90's and everything I've heard about Rwanda since 1994 has been from my own, knowledgeable parents or my high school history book. They don't really talk about what happened anywhere and no one seems to know anything other than that the country was divided into two peoples and the Hutus decided to start killing off the other. Over a million from the Tutsi people died. And that's about it.

This book doesn't shy away from what actually happened in Rwanda and I'm not going to lie, this is not a fun book and it's even hard to read at times. It presents the situations as it was, what led to the genocide and what happened after it. Why did a million Hutus participate in the murdering and brutalizing of over a million Tutsis? The truth is that tensions dating back a long time culminated in having the government systematically call upon every Hutu to kill all Tutsi, even their family, friends and neighbours. And so they did. Where was the rest of the world and why didn't they interfere?

“Rwanda had presented the world with the most unambiguous case of genocide since Hitler’s war against the Jews, and the world sent blankets, beans, and bandages to camps controlled by the killers, apparently hoping that everybody would behave nicely in the future.”

The way Gourevitch has written everything chronologically makes this book and the accounts of this part of history easy to follow. I was left with no questions (and after looking it up, sadly, the two sides are still fighting even 20 years later). His writing is effortless and intelligent, every chapter has it's own meaning and no information seems unnecessary. You get the whole picture from different perspectives; those who were almost killed, those who saved others, and those who killed and organized it all.

What struck me personally the most was the silence of the international community (and the disasterous mistakes the UN and others made funding the genocide). From a western point of view this is sickening. We, who claim to be intelligent and far from barbarious turned a blind eye when millions were crying for help. Officials from that time said things like "we can't truly say if this counts as a genocide or not". Are you serious? Just because there was nothing in it for the 'big guys' means they do nothing, or just the bare minimum. Some countries even openly supported the government organizing the slaughter (this has to do with the Hutu government fooling the international community that they as a people were the ones being killed and hunted). This deeply saddens me as my thoughts keep going back to countries in Africa and the Middle East where people are dying of hunger by the thousands right this very moment. Yet we don't take action because of dangerous political tension in those countries. To every man themselves.

Highly, highly recommend for everyone interested in history, philosophy of the human race, and intelligent and thought provoking reads.

[Dan · Rating 5 out of 5]

Although I read this book only recently, over a decade after the events of the genocide in Rwanda I think that time has only reinforced and strengthened the impact of this book. While I cannot claim to have been old enough to be properly plugged into the political landscape during as the events were unfolding, it is indeed damning that I could have come away from all of the news coverage that the genocide eventually produced with such a deeply flawed understanding of the massacre.

“We wish to inform you that tomorrow we will be killed with our families” follows the events of the Hutu-led genocide of around 1 million Tutsis beginning in 1994. Though, of course the history of this unprecedented violence trails decades back to the Hutu takeover of the Tutsi-dominated government and countless other small scale slayings of Tutsis beginning in the 1940s. Which itself has roots far back into the settling of the area of Rwanda and grouping of these separate people under a common border by British colonialists. The book provides a startling look at how seemingly minor differences in ethnic origins and social class of two groups of people can be magnified and manipulated for the justification of horrifyingly inhumane actions – all which occur long after time has erased most outward differences.

Gourevitch leads us through the main events that occurred leading up to and then following the governmental program that was designed and executed deliberately to erase the Tutsis from within Rwanda’s borders. This includes a number of stories about the acts of cruelty and (a fewer number) of human kindnesses in a time of “complete chaos”. As you may have guessed, the title of the book is taken from an actual letter that was sent from captured Tutsis to their local pastor begging for assistance – a letter that went largely ignored. It also leads the reader to the refugee camps that were dominated by the Hutu political escapees, attempting to flee from justice. Then describing how the international support largely went to these refugee camps, and how these funds and resources were largely capitalized by the Hutu majority to continue to send out raiding parties to annihilate any surviving Tutsis.

This raises one of the main points of the book. The surprising indifference of the international community during the early stages of the genocide and how the UN and leading countries (the US and France amongst the worst offenders) attempted to avoid any responsibility for helping the Rwandan people. Then, when belated foreign aid was sent, how poorly it was managed and how the funds were often funneled to fuel the killings.

“We wish to inform you” is a book that I would recommend to pretty much anyone with any sense of introspection or feeling of duty to an increasingly interconnected world. The reading is surely not pleasant, but it is certainly shocking and a wake-up call – demanding a re-evaluation of humanity as a whole and one’s place in it.

[Colleen Browne · Rating 5 out of 5]

There are many books available about the study of genocide and about the genocide in Rwanda. I have read several in both categories. The first was by Romeo DeLaire. For the first time I realized how truly ineffective the UN and the governments of the world can be. The indifference on the part of the world community during this time is indefensible. The people we are supposed to be able to trust to investigate and organize relief when tragedies happen were no where to be found. Romeo Delaire pled with the UN and indirectly with the govts of the west to do something for the Tutsies who were being massacred in a most gruesome way with no regard for the victims ages or sex stands out as one of the great atrocities of our age- or any age.

Philip Gourevitch has proven both his talent as a writer and a journalist in this book. His dedication to his subject and his willingness to go wherever the story took him enabled him to write one of the most complete accounts of what happened in Rwanda during the genocide and in the years that followed. I highly recommend this book.

The only complaint I have has nothing to do with his reporting on the genocide but rather about a rather minor comment he makes at the beginning of the book where he describes Sherman's March to the Sea. He should have put the same interest into getting at the truth there as he did on Rwanda. While it is accurate to say that Sherman was guilty of perpetrating a genocide on Native Americans in the west following the CW, the description he gives of the March to the Sea is not accurate. It was not all about murder, rape, and pillage. It was about destroying the means for the Confederacy to wage war. There was property damage- primarily of farms and factories that supplied the war machine but the number of people who died was relatively small, and the number of rapes was very small. I teach history and I know that facts matter which is why I raised this point. However, none of this takes away from this book which deserves all five stars I gave it.

[Dave Schaafsma · Rating 5 out of 5]

Amazing story of Rwandan genocide, still haunts me. Reminded of it by reading Stassen's equally haunting and disturbing Deogratias...

[Karen·]

There are factors:

...the precolonial inequalities; the fanatically thorough and hierarchical centralized administration; the Hamitic myth and the radical polarization under Belgian rule; the killings and expulsions that began with the Hutu revolution of 1959; the economic collapse of the late 1980s; Habyarimana's refusal to let the Tutu refugees return; the multiparty confusion; the RPF attack; the war; the extremism of Hutu Power; the propaganda, the practice massacres; the massive importation of arms; the threat to the Habyarimana oligarchy posed by peace through power sharing and integration; the indifference of the outside world.

But nevertheless.
This kind of mass slaughter is incomprehensible.
And its legacy is devastating.

[Chrissie · Rating 4 out of 5]

Obligatory reading for all. We must wake up and start learning from history. At least read the book and try to understand what happened. Determining how many stars to give is impossible - I certainly did not "really like" the book!

[Becky · Rating 3 out of 5]

This was truly horrifying.

No matter how many books like this I read, I don't think I will ever understand the human capacity for brutality, cruelty, and hatred.

[Youp · Rating 3 out of 5]

Continually, I force myself to read accounts of historic atrocities. Not because I'm particularly fond of the sheer horror of man's capacity for evil, quite the opposite. I study these books to understand how things can go so terribly wrong, and what I can do to prevent that from happening. Knowing very little about the 1994 Rwandan genocide, I decided to read the intriguingly titled 'We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed with Our Families', by Philip Gourevitch. Having read it, I cannot help but to feel a bit underwhelmed and disappointed for what could have been. This is a fine book, thoroughly researched, but stylistically somewhat flawed.

Writing a book on recent historic events should not be done from behind a desk. A serious researcher should visit sites, interview parties involved and ideally submerge themselves in the culture where said events took place. Not a theoretician, Gourevitch did exactly this, and made numerous trips to Rwanda and its neighboring countries from 1995 till 1997. During these visits he interviewed not only key figures in the genocide, but also regular Rwandans who lived through the horrible one-hundred-day massacre. This makes for a wide variety of real-life characters and viewpoints, sharing their stories with noticeably little bias interjected by the author, although he (rightfully) doesn't let everybody off the hook easily.

Gourevitch's writing style is easy to follow, reading somewhat like an extended newspaper article. He combines facts and figures with personal stories, interwoven with his own account of his travels and interviews. Ideally, this would make for a complete picture of the genocide, in which subjective and objective narratives neatly form a coherent story. However, the author only partially succeeded in this.

In books that explore similar events, such as The Rape of Nanking, the author usually puts emphasis on one of three aspects: objective facts, personal accounts or the author's own experience. In 'We Wish To Inform You...' it felt like the author wanted each of these three aspects to be equally important, but the whole is less than the sum of its parts. Although it features eye witness and survivor accounts, most anecdotes are too brief to really make an impact on the reader. The historic events are described, but lack the details and depth of a book like 'Ordinary Men' to gain a deep understanding. The author's own feelings and memories are recounted, yet not frequently or personal enough for the reader to connect with him. Perhaps this style of writing is better suited for a newspaper article than an entire book, because it left me a bit dissatisfied overall. Furthermore, even though Gourevitch's choice of words is accurate, the style itself can be distracting. By switching between different narratives and times, it disconnects the reader from the story. For example:

So the cleaning lady was a scapegoat; it
was herself whom Fossey was mad at. Leaving her hair lying about like that was bad form: anybody could get hold of it and work a spell on her. I didn’t know at the time that Fossey was popularly known in Rwanda as “the sorceress.” I said, “You really believe that hocus-pocus?” Fossey shot back, “Where I live, if I didn’t I’d be dead.”

Five years passed, and I saw in the newspaper that Dian Fossey had been murdered in Rwanda. Somebody killed her with a machete. Much later, there was a trial in Rwanda, a murky proceeding: a Rwandan defendant was found hanged in his cell before he could testify, and one of Fossey’s American research assistants was tried in absentia, found guilty, and sentenced to death.

Here we find, within two short paragraphs: the account of Fossey in the past, an interaction between the author and Fossey at a later date, the author's memory of an event five years later, and an objective description of events even later. If all the information in this book had been re-arranged into less intertwined perspectives and times, it would have made for a more immersive book. It's far from a bad book; it's actually quite good, but could have been great with a different stylistic approach.

There is a lot to take away from the Rwandan genocide. Lessons about human nature and politics, to perhaps prevent massacres in the future. These lessons are strewn about throughout 'We Wish To Inform You...', and many readers will undoubtedly find some of them. Due to its style, I fear that some of the deeper message and understanding might have been lost, which is a shame for such a well-researched and important book.

[Jennie · Rating 4 out of 5]

How can you call a book about genocide great? It was informative and powerful. Tragic and very very sad. It made me so angry at times I had to put it down for fear I would throw it across the room. This book had me so frustrated with the politics involved that I just want to scream in frustration.
I have to add some of the most powerful, to me, statements made in this book:
"In May of 1994, I happened to be in Washington to visit the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, an immensely popular tourist attraction adjacent to the National Mall. Waiting amid the crowd, I tried to read a local newspaper. But I couldn't get past a photograph on the front page: bodies swirling in water, dead bodies, bloated and colorless, bodies so numerous that they jammed against each other and clogged the stream. The caption explained that these were the corpses of genocide victims in Rwanda. Looking up from the paper, I saw a group of museum staffers arriving for work. On their maroon blazers, several war the label buttons that sold for a dollar each in the museum shop, inscribed with the slogans "Remember" and "Never Again." The museum was just a year old; at its inaugural ceremony, President Clinton had described it as "an investment in a secure future against whatever insanity lurks ahead." Apparently, all he meant was that the victims of future exterminations could now die knowing that a shrine already existed in Washington where their suffering might be commemorated, but at the time, his meaning seemed to carry a bolder promise."

"The West's post-Holocaust pledge that genocide would never again be tolerated proved to be hollow, and for all the fine sentiments inspired by the memory of Auschwitz, the problem remains that denouncing evil is a far cry from doing good."

"According to its mandate, the UNHCR provides assitance exclusively to refugees - people who have fled across an international border and can demonstrate a well-founded fear of persecution in their homeland - and fugitives fleeing criminal prosecution are explicitly disqualified from protection. The mandate also requires that those who receive UNHCR's assitance must be able to prove that they are properly entitled to refugee status. But no attempt was ever made to screen the Rwandans in the camps; it was considered far too dangerous. In other words, we - all of us who piad taxes in countries that paid the UNHCR - were feeding people who were expected to try to hur us (or our agents) if we questioned their right to our charity." It was well established that the Hutus were the refugees, many of which were those who were directly involved in the genocide of the Tutsis. And they were protected by the UNHCR.

"The world powers made it clear in 1994 that they did not care to fight genocide in central Africa, but they had yet to come up with a convincing explanation of why they were content to feed it."

"Never before in modern memory had a people who slaughtered another people, or in whose name the slaughter was carried out, been expected to live with the remainder of the people that was slaughtered, completely intermingled, in the same tiny communities, as on cohesive national society."

There were more. Truly, a great book. Makes me have little use for those, like the UN, who sit and discuss doing something about a genocide but in the end can't come to any conculsions. Doing good is necessary in this world, not just denouncing evil.

[Maria Fernanda Gama · Rating 5 out of 5]

This book, although very difficult to get through for its content, is an absolute must read for any human being. I feel ashamed that so much has happened, and still happens, in this world we share with so many different people, that I had absolutely no idea of. I've seen the movie "Hotel Rwanda" many years ago but I'll admit I've never really tried to understand what really happened there and just how devastating the genocide that took place there was for its entire population. When this happened, I was four. How come I know so much about things that happened in ancient history but never really knew about the tragic loss of life of so many people? In an age where information of all types is so instantly and easily accessible to me, it feels a little irresponsible to have closed my eyes for so long.
And reading about the absolute mess that western developed civilizations raised on these African countries while managing to simultaneously help the people that didn't ask for their interference and trying to rid themselves of the guilt caused by not interfering when people were asking for it, it's just so frustrating. How can a million people have been killed out in the streets, with knives, by their former neighbors, relatives, friends, coworkers, while countries with the means to stop it looked the other way? And if this happens again, will they act differently? Will we know about it? Can we stop it?
It's too scary realizing how we fail our fellow humans. I feel this as a third-world born middle class graphic designer. I wonder how important politicians, business men, the one per cent of the one per cent feel about all this. Do they think about all of the lives they neglect to save while they lay down to sleep?
Anyway, this is a very thorough piece of investigative journalism, and I like how the author always shows us where he stands. He's not impartial. This is his book, based on his views and experiences. And I agree with him. You can't be impartial when it comes to genocide, particularly not if you're denouncing the indifference of others.

[Sumit Singla · Rating 4 out of 5]

Gruesome. Horrific. Visceral. Disturbing. And even harrowing. These are some of the adjectives that come to mind when I think back about this book. I wish this had been fiction, and not cold, hard fact.

However, the truth remains that nearly a million HUMANs were pretty much hacked to death by other HUMANs, over a period of a 100 days. Imagine an orchestrated ethnic cleansing involving 10,000 murders a day. That's more people than 11 Airbus a380s can accommodate.

Staggering. And even after reading the book, I find it absolutely incomprehensible how WE - the human race, can behave in this manner. What makes it worse is the inaction of the Western world, which saw these macabre events panning out, but chose to largely ignore them. Sadly, the seeds of conflict seem to have been sown in the colonial times themselves, resulting in the purge of 1994. Even more sadly, because this conflict didn't happen in the Western world, it largely seems to have escaped notice.

What makes this book even more difficult to read is because Gourevitch does not treat the victims as mere numbers or statistics. Through his interviews and finely crafted prose around the survivors, he tells not just one but many tales of death, destruction, rape, and horror.

The only criticism I have is that there isn't enough focus on female survivors - and no description of the horrors of rape and sexual violence that they had to go through. Indeed, at some points, rape seems to have been spoken of only as a 'tool' to humiliate the menfolk. Unfortunately, women (except Odette) don't seem to find much mention in this otherwise finely researched book.

And perhaps it would've been great if Gourevitch had chosen to delve deeper into the history of colonialism and how the 'apartheid' resulted in the events of 1994.

Nevertheless, a great book with a lot of perspective. I can't really say that I 'loved' it, but it does deserve 4.5ish stars for sure.

[Bigsna · Rating 2 out of 5]

I could only get through 40% of this book and see no point in plodding through the rest of it.

Across the web, it is listed as one of the top books to read on the Rwandan genocide and I can understand why. There are direct narratives from the field, personal stories from survivors - which are disturbing and moving, but also depict the cruel reality of what happened.

My main interest was to understand why it happened, what led to it and how it was contained. The "why" bit is more or less established in the initial 25% of the book. Beyond that it becomes too descriptive and somehow loses structure. There is an overload of information from all the interviews and research the author has done - and suddenly there are too many names, places and incidents to keep track of. There seems to be no chronology and this is where I lost track and interest and decided to put it aside. I think the value of this book lies in its level of detail if used for research purposes, rather than for a general reader.

Later I Googled and found a paper on the rwandan genocide which explains the "preconditions leading to genocide in terms of social conditions, group identity, and cultural dispositions. It also explores the psychology of perpetrators and the role of bystanders in enabling or discouraging mass killing". I think this will be a more worthwhile read and I look forward to it.

[Nandakishore Mridula · Rating 2 out of 5]

I picked up this book because it was highly rated, and I really was interested in the Rwandan massacre and why it happened. I thought it would give me some historical, sociological and psychological insights, as well as some human stories.

It did fill me in on the historical background: about how colonial forces created non-existed racial distinctions and placed one "race" above the other; about how various colonial powers meddled to pit their side against the other, and watched from the gallery as black man killed black man; about how UN stood idle as the massacre progressed. It also gave me various stories about human beings, the despicable, the ordinary, and the heroic.

But all these could have been done in about one third of the pages the book has. The author rambles on and on, speaking through the voices of his interviewees, and soon, I was falling asleep. Left it at about 70% of the way through (skimmed the rest).

Whatever this boring book tells you about Rwanda, you can get from Wikipedia. I am not even bothered to write a proper review.

[Irene · Rating 3 out of 5]

Realized I'd only read half of this so I'm finishing it this weekend. I feel like it was an experiment. But ppl call me a "conspiracy theorist." To me this was planned on high though. Very scary.

Excerpt from the book:

Even if not taking sides were a desirable position, it is impossible to act in or on a political situation without having a political effect (speaking about humanitarian aid organizations assisting the "refugees" [Hutu powers in exile aka genocidars] in the D.R.C.) The Humanitarian mindset is to not think, just to do. Humanitarians do not like to be called mercenaries yet the humanitarian mindset of not to think and just to do IS a mercenary mindset. When Humanitarian aid becomes a smoke screen to cover the political effects it actually creates and states hide behind it using it as a vehicle for policy making then we can be regarded as agents in the conflict.