In Regulating Wall Street, Stern has assembled a team of experts, each a specialist in a relevant discipline, to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the legislation that is now on the table. Not all of the issues addressed in the current legislation are equally important. Some, such as financial sector compensation and consumer protection - are perhaps not central to future financial stability. Others, such as the future role of the Federal Reserve, the approach to systemic risk, the restructuring of too-big-to-fail institutions, and the shadow banking system that houses OTC derivative and money markets, are undoubtedly critical to the future safety and soundness of the financial system. The debates will be both heated and ongoing - as will the book's commentary; with a blog to accompany the book upon publication, the editors and contributors will have a forum to continue their discussions regarding the effects of the future legislation, as well as opening up the debate to readers.
I did not finish this book. It seems more like a compendium of technical information, closer to a textbook. The layperson with a curiosity about regulation will most likely not get far beyond the first few chapters.
在较大的影响了美国PE私募监管的Dodd-Frank稳定美国金融秩序法案中,该法案的第四章包含了“2010私有资金投资顾问注册法案”(Private Fund Investment Advisers Registration Act of 2010), 也被成为“私募基金法案”或“Private Fund Act”。该法案是对美国1940年的“投资顾问法案”(Investment Advisers Act of 1940)进行的修订。该修订中,最大的调整就是取消了对投资顾问注册要求的豁免权力。此外,该法案也对投资管理顾问提出了更严格、仔细的记账和披露报告的要求。
2)风险投资基金 美国的PE大都在二级市场上做杠杆收购,做上市前股权投资的大都是风险投资VC。新法案豁免了VC在SEC的注册。但是新法案没有清晰定义“风险投资基金”(Venture Capital Fund),并让SEC在法案执行一年内出具更具体的规定。经管不用注册,风投基金依然要准备业务存档记录和年度报告,以备SEC审查。
原1933年证券法Securities Act of 1933规定,股票发行企业可以在满足一定条件下卖出股份而无需在SEC注册。该条件为:如果买方为“可信投资者”或者为不超过35人的非“可信投资者”。在旧法规下,“可信投资者”定义为,任何过往两年的年收入超过20万(与配偶一起30万)、或者净资产超过100万美元的自然人。但是,新法案提高了“可信投资者”的门槛:首先,自然人所居住的房产被排除在净资产之外;而且,100万美元的门槛只从新法案生效起保留四年,四年后由SEC再确定更合适的准入门槛。新法案提高了“可信投资者”和“合格客户”的门槛,其本质也就是变相扩大了披露的要求。
原1940年的投资顾问法Advisors Act of 1940,规定PE私募只有对“合格客户”才可对资产增值部分收取一定百分比的费用收入。而“合格客户”指在该PE私募已投资75万美元或净资产至少150万美元的客户。新规定要求SEC对“合格客户”的准入门槛每五年一次按通货膨胀率进行调整,调整的最小区间为10万美元。