“The future projects light, the past only shadows” - Eileen Gray (1878 - 1976)
This remarkable woman, Eileen Gray, executed innovative and modern designs for furniture and a handful of homes, including the famous E—1027 on the French Riviera. She also developed countless plans and models for innovative, affordable and practical homes and communities. Born in Ireland, she went to art school but was not formally trained as an architect, which the author suggests worked to Gray’s advantage. She established herself early in her career as a talented furniture designer, most known for her stunning lacquer screens, chair designs, and sofas. She designed furniture for many distinguished clients, including an entire flat in Paris for Madame Mathieu-Levy. Mathieu-Levy asked for “something extravagant” for the salon. Gray produced numerous, now iconic pieces, including her famous daybed, the Pirogue.
Gray also designed and produced rugs. When I look at her rug designs today, I see that Gray embodied Modernism. Her designs reflect cubism, the burgeoning movement in Europe that coincided with her early design years. Adam describes the circle of artists that Gray mingled with, including the portrait painter Gerald Kelly, as well as those she was influenced by, including Picasso, Matisse, and Brancusi.
In our era, there is a thriving market for Gray’s works. Her pieces usually sell for tens of thousands of dollars. Fortunately for us, many of her furniture pieces, including her lacquer screens, are available to view at various museums including the MoMA, the Victoria & Albert Museum, and the Pompidou Centre in Paris.
But as the book recounts, Gray did not receive the recognition she deserved during her lifetime for her greatest architectural achievement—the villa known as E—1027. The land was purchased by her partner at the time, Jean Badovici, an architect and publisher of the magazine, L’Architrecture Vivante. But it was Eileen who created all of the plans, models, and designs for the villa and its furniture and was involved in its construction. Yet it was Badovici and his friend, the well-known architect Le Corbusier, who took credit for its design. Even more disturbing is how Le Corbusier, during one visit to the villa, painted colour-infused murals on all of the interior walls. This was a defacement to the clean aesthetic design that Gray had created. According to Adam, Eileen was devastated and didn’t want to see the home ever again. By that time, her and Badovici’s relationship had shifted to an estranged friendship, yet one that was bound by the house.
I was inspired reading about Gray’s life. Her energy, creativity, and ideas seemed limitless. On the other hand, it was also sad; Gray appeared anti-social, reclusive. The author doesn’t delve into why, but describes Gray as he saw her—as a life-long friend, a talented woman who shunned public appearances and declined invitations for collaborative work.
Fortunately, Gray is now recognized as a pioneer of the Modernist movement, known for her bold and innovative furniture and architectural designs.
Eileen Gray: Her Life and Work is a phenomenal and inspiring read.