Warriors in Love
22 March 2023
I have mentioned the idea of the three unities before – the Unity of Time, Place, and Action, and while it might sound like it is just stylistic, we do have to remember that at times during the early modern theatre it was actually illegal to write a play that didn’t stick to the three unities – and people complain out how narrow-minded publishers are these days. Mind you, it does sort of make some sense because you are very limited with what you can do on stage, and the special effects that we have these days simply weren’t available. Yet, despite that, there are ways and means of building the context without breaking the unities (and it is usually done through exposition).
So, the play is set during the Trojan War and involves the battle between the Greeks and the Amazons. The thing that the Greeks find odd is why the Amazons are fighting on the side of the Trojans when they are more aligned with the Greeks. Well, it turns out that they have this tradition that they can only marry somebody whom they have bested in combat. Well, in this case, the Amazon Queen Penthesilea has fallen in love with Achilles, and much of the play involves the struggle between who will best the other.
You know, it might not seem obvious (or it might just do so), that I found the play to actually be quite sexual. I suspect that this is why this play actually caused such a huge amount of controversy when it was released (though it seems that it might have had more to do with the violence, but then again this wasn’t necessarily the most violent play that was around at the time – I suspect that it was the outright sexual nature of the struggle between Achilles and Penthesilea).
As I think of it, you could say that it is a struggle between two lovers to best each other, but the interesting thing is that Achilles is the one who eventually submits – though in typical Greek fashion (this play is not just based on a Greek story, but Kleist borrows a large number of Greek literary techniques as well, including the fact that the play is not split into acts), the main characters misunderstand each other and the result ends up being rather deadly.
It is an interesting concept, though I suspect that Kleist might not have understood the nature of love in Ancient Greece the same way that we understand it, but still, considering the era in which the play was written, there is probably a particularly good reason for that. However, it is a very passionate play, where the main characters talk about their love for the other, and at times struggle with each other to win the other’s approval. Though it is interesting about how many love stories do explore the struggle as the two parties struggle with their humanity and human feelings, but also the fact that there are societal norms are that in place that dictate how relationships are to be conducted.
Mind you, we live in a society that is remarkably free to pursue relationships, though there are still some cultural (as well as ethical) norms that we tend to follow. For instance, Leonardo di Caprio seems to get a lot of flack because he only seems to date women that are under the age of 25. It is also easy to forget that it wasn’t long ago that two people of the same sex were forbidden from having a romantic relationship (in fact it was outright illegal). Even now there is a segment of society that is quite vocal that we should return to those days.
This play certainly does explore the nature of love, and also of how society shapes how we love, and how we chose our partners. In this instance, the Amazons are fighting against the Greeks not because they see the Greeks as enemies, but because they see the Greek men as being potential suitors, but the only way that they can claim a suitor is to defeat them in combat. Interestingly, we see Achilles break the social norm of the Greeks by actually going into combat intending on losing. This is certainly something that a warrior, and a warrior like Achilles, would necessarily do. The other interesting thing is that Kleist switches the story around from the way the original Greek set it up. In this instance, the Amazon Queen kills Achilles, but in the legend Achilles kills the Amazon Queen, and then falls in love with her.