Leis - Volume I

by Platão

A "Leis" de Platão, obra composta em doze livros escritos entre 357 e 347 a.C., dos quais este primeiro volume publica os livros I, II e III, constitui um texto sem qualquer dúvida fundamental. Neste último diálogo de Platão podemos encontrar as linhas fundamentais do a cidade, a educação e o saber, o homem e a lei. A lei, mais precisamente o corpo de leis, é o tema central desta a lei que regula, estipula e modera as relações entre os indivíduos. Nesta obra temos um Platão já próximo da morte, um homem com larga experiência da vida, tendo-se tornado consequentemente mais realista, sem, no entanto, ter renegado completamente os ideais da República. A cidade possui agora um Magnésia; e uma situação geográ algures em Creta. Os interlocutores já não são os Sócrates desaparece, os seus discípulos também; dando lugar a três Clínias de Creta, Megilo de Esparta e o Estrangeiro de Atenas.

Genres: Philosophy

272 pages, Paperback

Published January 1, 2017

About the author

Alternate spelling (Portuguese) for Plato.

Reviews

[Luís]

It is with some legitimacy that the conception of elaboration of the Laws and the Republic is fundamentally rooted in the same idealism as Plato. In the Laws, this idealism appears more adapted to concrete reality and results above all from Plato's own experience, especially from his role as advisor and tutor at the court of the tyrants of Syracuse in Sicily. We took three of the twelve books in this first volume in the whole work.

Book I—The beginning refers to the exceptional situation of the laws of both Sparta and Crete having a divine origin: they are, in effect, inspired by the gods. However, they still show certain deficiencies that they should naturally address. The cause of this imperfection is the situation of those only aiming at courage as a total virtue, this stance constituting an error. Courage is only an integral part of total virtue.

Book II - Drinks - particularly wine - appear as a topic of discussion. Drinking causes older adults to relive something of that lost youth, making it possible for them to participate in musical celebrations, consequently having sufficient - and reasonable - capacity and competence to guide young people's musical rehearsals in a way that it may consider satisfactory and correct.

Book III - History occupies this book: it is the so-called "Archaeology" of Laws. The discussion aims, therefore, at a broad examination of the history of men since their most primitive times, in this sense highlighting the Flood as the universal and primordial cataclysm that then delimits the history of humanity's evolution: the survivors of the Flood are the obvious initiators of a civilizing and political process.