Roberto Clemente played professional baseball as well or better than many of his contemporaries who are today considered to be legends of the game. Many of those other legends were better known by the public at- large back then, partly because Clemente played for an underachieving team from the other, blue collar, Pennsylvania city with a pro ball club. For this reason, he never enjoyed the personal stardom or higher pay players were making in other markets. Nevertheless, as David Maraniss writes, Roberto Clemente played baseball with a skill and a passion that few other players can match.
You must understand something of the obsession with baseball that existed in Puerto Rico in order to understand Clemente. Moraniss describes Roberto's upbringing in Carolina P.R., the youngest of seven children. Players for P.R.'s Professional Baseball League were his heroes, especially those who also played for the major leagues in the States. Clemente transitioned from P.R.'s amateur league to the Santuce Crabbers of the P.R. Professional Baseball League while a teenager. He came stateside with the Brooklyn Dodgers farm system and was drafted from there to the Pirates during November 1954. He continued to play for the Crabbers Winter League while with the Pirates.
Clemente was not an instant star, although his talents were obvious from the beginning, including his powerful, accurate arm that he used to nail base runners as a right fielder. Going with a major league club was a source of great pride for someone from the baseball crazy Caribbean. He was not the first Latino player in MLB, but became the first Latino star. None of this came easy. He suffered through his entire career from back pains caused by a car accident while he was younger. He also had to endure the racial attitudes of the time, not only as a Latin player but as a black Latin player. When, for instance, his team played Spring practice in Florida each year, the rules of the segregated South required him to bunk in an ethnic part of town rather than being allowed to stay with the rest of his team in their hotel.
Roberto was brought to the Pirates by Branch Rickey, who had forced the integration of MLB several years earlier when he had signed Jackie Robinson. Still, by the mid-fifties, some teams had not caught up with the times, including the team from the iron city. A team photo from that time shows Clemente and perhaps one other black player sitting among a sea of white faces.
Clemente's personal sense of pride caused him to avoid the locker-room hijinks of his fellow players. This, plus the unfair rap of being a hypochondriac, due to his constant application of home remedies to his back problem and other ailments, and his lack of English fluency, gave him a reputation for being aloof. Most of this criticism was fostered by sports writers more than his fellow Pirates, although it would take time until a newer generation of younger players joined the team and respected him for his influence as role model and mentor. The stupid standards of sports writing drove Clemente to distraction at times. A vicious cycle developed in which Clemente constantly complained about the inaccurate coverage his playing received in the media, with sports reporters retaliating by labeling him "Bobby Clemente" and condescendingly reporting his quotes literally in his pronunciation, such as "Bobby Clelmente says 'I heet ball good.'"
Many honors came to Roberto during his major league career, from 1955 to 1972. He was National League MVP in 1966. He had twelve Gold Gloves and led the National League in batting average four seasons. He was in 12 All-Star games.
Maraniss' description of the 1960 World Series (the first of two in which Clemente played) was especially enjoyable reading. I can still remember seeing it as a teenager, back in the days when all World Series games were played in the daytime. Fans would hurry home from work or school to watch on their B-W TV's what remained of each game which, if I can remember, started at 2:00 or 3:00 PM EST. This series, which should have been a 4-game blowout, became one of the classics of all time. The always-struggling Pirates won the NL Pennant, and their reward was to face the New York Yankees, who won their 10th Pennant in 12 years. The goliath Yankees, with Yogi Berra, Roger Maris, Mickey Mantle, Elston Howard to name a few, were poised to overpower the Pirates in all departments. Strangely, they did just that but they couldn't put the Pirates away; during the seven games that the series lasted, they out-batted, out-hit and out-scored the Pirates by a wide margin. The trouble for the Yankees was that a lot of this hitting occurred during the two complete shutouts they won; the Pirates were able to eke out narrow wins to answer these two losses, and force the championship into a seventh game. Finally, at the end of the 9th inning in a tied game at Forbes Field, Bill Mazeroski hit a home run out of the park in one of the most memorable moments in Pittsburgh sports history, winning the series for the Pirates.
Clemente hit safely in all seven games of that series, and also in the 1971 World Series against the Orioles, which Pittsburgh also won in seven games. Clemente became the first Lartino to win MVP in a World Series, in 1971. By that time, the Pirate team photo showed a diversity similar to the ethnic mix currently in MLB. He was always extremely popular with Pirates fans despite his problems with those who reported his playing; back home, he was accorded the respect of a national hero.
Maraniss provides a compelling account of the details surrounding Clemente's death after the 1971 MLB season ended. He had managed Puerto Rico's team in the amateur world champoinship baseball series in Nicaragua. Shortly after, an earthquake hit the country, causing great damage and loss of life. Clemente had always practiced philantrophy on a level with his fierce pride. He sponsored several planeloads of relief supplies to Nicaragua, but these and the supplies sent by other relief organizations were diverted by the corrupt Samoza regime from the victims. Clemente chartered a plane in which he would personally travel so that some supplies would be delivered to those in need. Thanks to Maraniss's investigative efforts, he was able to unearth and make public federal court records which had been hidden from the public since 1972.
Clemente, a devoted family man, left his home on New Years Eve 1972, in order to accompany his plane to Managua. Maraniss found records that showed that the 4-engined DC-7 which he chartered had been damaged recently and was basically unsafe; the pilot should have not have been allowed to fly the plane; and the plane was grossly overloaded prior to take-off. The result was that an engine caught fire immediately after the plane left the runway from Isla Verde P.R. The pilot tried to circle back to the airport while over water, but the plane crashed into the sea, killing Clemente and the crew. Despite the best efforts of the U.S. Coast Guard, no evidence of Roberto was found in the wreckage and debris that were eventually recovered.
Maraniss makes the point that Clemente's playing record, including his three thousand hits and Gold Gloves would have ensured his entry into Cooperstown. The sports writers who voted on Baseball Hall of Fame inductions began an effort to induct Roberto without waiting for the normal five-year post-career period of inactivity and, eleven weeks after the process for this honor began, Roberto was voted overwhelmingly into Cooperstown. This was only the second time in baseball history that the time waiver for this honor was bestowed, joining Lou Gehrig's enshrinement in 1939. Clemente also became the first Latin American player to join this baseball elite.
Maraniss acknowledges that the mythic aspects of baseball are commonly associated with past moments of sports glory and viewing enjoyment, but he makes the point that the mythic status of Clemente goes the other way, to the future. He was a model of what people can become, a symbol of action and passion, a breaker of racial and language barriers and the greatest example of the early Latino players in a game now dominated by Spanish-speaking athletes.